Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Rare Case Of Clostridium Septicum Aortitis With Colon Adenocarcinoma, Niti Shahi, Mariano Arosemena, Jeontaik Kwon, Paul J. Dimuzio, Babak Abai, Dawn M. Salvatore

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Clostridium septicum aortitis is a rare, highly morbid condition typically accompanied by malignant disease, such as hematologic cancer or colon adenocarcinoma. Presenting symptoms commonly described include acute onset of abdominal pain, nausea, and fevers. Prompt diagnosis of infectious aortitis is critical to prevent deadly complications, such as sepsis and vascular catastrophe. The described management largely involves surgical resection of the infected aorta, débridement, and arterial revascularization through extra-anatomic bypass or aortic graft placement.

Characterization Of Nanodiamondbased Anti-Hiv Drug Delivery To The Brain, Upal Roy, Vadym Drozd, Andriy Durygin, Jesse Rodriguez, Paul Barber, Venkata Atluri, Xiaohua Liu, Thomas G. Voss, Surendra Saxena, Madhavan Nair

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Human Immunodefciency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Present combination antiretroviral therapy has substantially improved HIV-1 related pathology. However, delivery of therapeutic agents to the HIV reservoir organ like Central nervous system (CNS) remains a major challenge primarily due to the inefective transmigration of drugs through Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). The recent advent of nanomedicine-based drug delivery has stimulated the development of innovative systems for drug delivery. In this regard, particular focus has been given to nanodiamond due to its natural biocompatibility and non-toxic nature–making it a more efcient drug carrier than other …

Changes In Viral Load In Different Organs Of Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Infected Chick Embryo Under The Influence Of Belladonna 200c, Urmita Chakraborty, Shailja Katoch, Moonmoon Sinha, Debadatta Nayak, Anil Khurana, Raj Manchanda, Debabrata Sarkar, Satadal Das

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Background: Japanese encephalitis(JE) is highly prevalent in many states of India. Belladonna 200C is widely used in the prevention and treatment of JE.The effect of Belladonna 200C in virus replication inside different tissues has not been studied. Objective: To study the effect of Belladonna 200C in virus replication inside different tissues utilising chick embryo model. Materials and Methods: Twelve-day-old fertilised eggs of Black Australorp were inoculated with JE via chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route in different experimental sets: infection, Belladonna 200C treated and vehicle control, keeping matched blank sets. All experimental sets were incubated for 48 hours. After incubation, viable eggs …

Impact Of Forbidden Foodstuffs On The Efficacy Of Homoeopathic Medicines: An In Vitro Evaluation, Girish Gupta, A Srivastava, Naveen Gupta, Gaurang Gupta, Sunil Mishra

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Background: In previous screening experiment, out of some homoeopathic medicines in 30 and 200 potencies Mezereum 200 showed maximum inhibition to growth of Candida albicans on comparing the 'Zone of Inhibition' in culture plates treated with homoeopathic medicines keeping standard antifungal Ketoconazole, rectified spirit and distilled water as control by using Disc method. Objective: To observe the impact of various forbidden edible items such as garlic, onion, cardamom, clove, caraway, ginger, fenugreek, black pepper, asafoetida, red chilli, green chilli, turmeric, lemon and camphor on the efficacy of Mezereum 200 in the inhibition of growth of human pathogenic fungus C. albicans. …

Immunomodulatory Effects Of Homoeopathic Medicines: A Review Of Pre-Clinical Studies, V Gupta, Mohit Mathur

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Immunomodulation is a kind of regulatory modification in the immune system so as to bring the desired response. In this review the immunomodulatory effects of homoeopathic medicines – Rhus toxicodendron, Mercurius solubilis, Echinacea, Aconitum, Lachesis and Apis – and homoeopathic combination remedy Canova® are discussed. The review was conducted using PubMed and references from the relevant articles. The keywords comprising the names of above homoeopathic medicines along with terms 'immune function', 'cytokines', etc., were used for search. The review shows that homoeopathic medicines produced modulation of immune function at multiple levels such as modulation of expression of genes, stimulation of …

Management Of Pcos Through Homoeopathy-A Case Report, Padmalaya Rath

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects approximately 5% of all women which are very commonly found in day-to-day (routine) practice. However, these cases present with many complications and it is difficult to cure in contemporary system and treatment is also very costly. A case of 22 years female suffering from PCOS reported here was treated successfully within 1.5 years by a single individualised homoeopathic medicine Calcarea cabonicum 30-1M with repetition as per requirement, The improvement is evident from regularity of menstrual cycle and also from the ultrasonography (USG) reports. The case was observed for further 3 …

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An Evidence-Based Case Report Treated With Homoeopathy, Abhijit Chakma, Ratan Shil, Madhu Ghosh

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is commonly seen in men above the age of 50 years and its incidence approaches 75-80% in men above 80 years. It is one of the frequent reasons for elderly men undergoing surgery. BPH symptoms range from least voiding difficulties to urinary retention and renal failure. In this case, treated with Causticum, both subjective symptoms and prostate size were assessed post treatment. This case shows the usefulness of this medicine on subjective and pathological parameters.

Book Review On “Handbook Of Recent Trends In Homoeopathy For Infectious Diseases In India And Abroad”, Chaturbhuja Nayak

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

No abstract provided.

Zolpidem Facilitated Sexual Assaults: A Hair Method Validation, Danielle N. Chasworth

Student Theses

A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) method was developed and validated to detect for the presence of zolpidem in human hair samples. Zolpidem is a sedative hypnotic whose adverse effects make it a common drug found in drug facilitated crimes (DFC). It is important to be able to detect and quantitate the drug after a long period of time due to the victim’s delayed reporting of the crime. Hair’s long window of detection makes it a useful matrix for DFC investigations. The linear range of the assay was targeted at 2 pg/mg to 1,000 pg/mg and experiments designed to …

Quantifying Bias In Measuring Insecticide-Treated Bednet Use: Meta-Analysis Of Self-Reported Vs Objectively Measured Adherence, Paul J. Krezanoski, David R. Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background Insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) are recommended for use by 3.4 billion people at risk of malaria world-wide. Policy makers rely on measurements of ITN use to optimize malaria prevention efforts. Self-reports are the most common means of assessing ITN use, but self-reports may be biased in a way that reduces their reliability as a proxy for ITN adherence. This meta-analysis compared self-reported and two methods which are more objective measures of ITN use to explore whether self-reports overestimate actual ITN adherence.

Methods A comprehensive search of electronic databases and hand searching reference lists resulted in screening 2885 records and 202 …

Incidence Of Postpartum Infection, Outcomes And Associated Risk Factors At Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital In Uganda, Joseph Ngonzi, Lisa M. Bebell, Yarine Fajardo, Adeline A. Boatin, Mark J. Siedner, Ingrid V. Bassett, Yves Jacquemyn, Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden, Jerome Kabakyenga, Blair J. Wylie, David R. Bangsberg, Laura E. Riley

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: There is a paucity of recent prospective data on the incidence of postpartum infections and associated risk factors in sub-Saharan Africa. Retrospective studies estimate that puerperal sepsis causes approximately 10% of maternal deaths in Africa.

Methods: We enrolled 4231 women presenting to a Ugandan regional referral hospital for delivery or postpartum care into a prospective cohort and measured vital signs postpartum. Women developing fever (> 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (< 36.0 °C) underwent symptom questionnaire, structured physical exam, malaria testing, blood, and urine cultures. Demographic, treatment, and post-discharge outcomes data were collected from febrile/hypothermic women and a random sample of 1708 normothermic women. The primary outcome was in-hospital postpartum infection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with postpartum fever/ hypothermia and with confirmed infection.

Results: Overall, 4176/4231 (99%) had ≥1 temperature measured and 205/4231 (5%) were febrile or hypothermic. An additional 1708 normothermic women were randomly selected for additional data collection, for a …

Equity Arguments In News Reporting On School Nutrition Policy, Liana B. Winett, Lori Dorfman, Larissa Yoshino, Laura Nixon

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose: In two related studies, we examined how equity-based arguments featured in news debate over federal school nutrition policy. Methods: We conducted content analyses of national and local print and broadcast news (September 1, 2014-December 31, 2015), examining arguments rooted in appeals about equity and/or disparities. Results: Equity and/or disparities appeals appeared in 24% television, 14% national print, and 5% local print stories. Socioeconomic inequities were mentioned most; racial/ethnic inequities appeared minimally. Conclusions: Neither equity nor disparity featured prominently in this news debate over policy created to address children's nutritional inequities. When included, arguments focused on overcoming inequities' effects rather …

Pepducins As A Potential Treatment Strategy For Asthma And Copd., Reynold A. Panettieri, Tonio Pera, Stephen B B. Liggett, Jeffrey L. Benovic, Raymond B. Penn

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

Current therapies to treat asthma and other airway diseases primarily include anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators. Anti-inflammatory agents target trafficking and resident immunocytes and structural cells, while bronchodilators act to prevent or reverse shortening of airway smooth muscle (ASM), the pivotal tissue regulating bronchomotor tone. Advances in our understanding of the biology of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and biased agonism offers unique opportunities to modulate GPCR function that include the use of pepducins and allosteric modulators. Recent evidence suggests that small molecule inhibitors of Gα _q as well as pepducins targeting G _q -coupled receptors can broadly inhibit contractile agonist-induced ASM …

Concepts, Protocol, Variations And Current Trends In Surgery First Orthognathic Approach: A Literature Review, Hafiz Taha Mahmood, Maheen Ahmed, Mubassar Fida, Adeel Tahir Kamal, Farheen Fatima

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

In the current era of expedited orthodontics, among many clinicians, tertiary care hospitals and patients, surgery first orthognathic approach (SFOA) has gained popularity. The advantages of SFOA (face first approach) are the reduced overall treatment duration and the early improvement in facial esthetics. In SFOA, the absence of a presurgical phase allows surgery to be performed first, followed by comprehensive orthodontic treatment to achieve the desired occlusion. The basic concepts of surgery early, surgery last, SFOA and Sendai SFOA technique along with its variations are reviewed in the present article. The recent advancement in SFOA in the context of preoperative …

Cold Genocide: Falun Gong In China, Maria Cheung, Torsten Trey, David Matas, Richard An

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

The article explores patterns of a cold genocide in the eradication campaign against Falun Gong. Falun Gong is a spiritual practice that has been targeted for eradication by the Chinese regime since 1999. In comparison to the documented cases of genocide, the genocide of Falun Gong stands out as anomalous because it is virtually ignored. The article seeks to elucidate the multi-faceted nature of this concealed genocide from an interdisciplinary perspective encompassing social work, medicine and law, In particular, the article demonstrates that the eradication campaign against Falun Gong is distinguishable as a cold genocide as it is: (1) multi-dimensional …

Age Adjusted Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Comorbidity Index Predicts Survival In A T-Cell Depleted Cohort, Hayder Saeed, Swati Yalamanchi, Meng Liu, Emily Van Meter, Zartash Gul, Gregory Monohan, Dianna Howard, Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, Roger Herzig

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Objectives: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) continues to evolve with the treatment in higher risk patient population. This practice mandates stringent update and validation of risk stratification prior to undergoing such a complex and potentially fatal procedure. We examined the adoption of the new comorbidity index (HCT-CI/Age) proposed by the Seattle group after the addition of age variable and compared it to the pre-transplant assessment of mortality (PAM) that already incorporates age as part of its evaluation criteria.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of adult patients who underwent HCT at our institution from January 2010 through August 2014 was …

Molecular Interplay Of Chromatin Remodeling Factor Brg1 And Transcription Factor Stat3 Regulates Stemness, Chemosensitivity And Tumorigenicity Of Glioma Tumor Initiating Cells, Debolina Ganguly

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor, characterized by high cellular heterogeneity, is refractory to treatment and has dismal prognosis. These characteristics of GBM have suggested the presence of stem-like cells that have the ability to initiate and maintain tumors of a heterogeneous nature, and bestow resistance to current therapeutic regimens. It is therefore imperative to identify the dysregulated molecular pathways which enable the maintenance of these cells in a stem-like state in order to inform strategies to therapeutically target them.

In this study, we investigated the role of the Y705 and S727 phosphorylation domains of STAT3, a multifunctional …

The Impact Of Mental Health Issues On Academic Achievement In High School Students, Patricia Lea Sutherland

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

An adolescent’s time in school is not merely academic; they are developing socially, physically, and emotionally. Prior research has demonstrated a correlation between a student’s poor academic performance and his/her need for emotional and mental health support. This research project sought to answer the following research questions: 1) Do mental health services in a high school setting help facilitate students’ academic achievement? and 2) Does a focus on mental health issues improve overall health and well-being in high school students? Participants for this study are 10 staff members (including teachers, administrators, counselors, and others) of a high school in San …

An Examination Of The Impact Traumatic Events Has On Psychosocial Impairment In Eating Disorder Patients, Jennifer Parker Hackett

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Research suggests that trauma has an impact on eating disorders. While prior research has demonstrated that the trauma from abuse has a significant impact on eating disorders, research has failed to explore other types of trauma. In addition, previous studies have stopped short of examining the impact trauma has on functioning among individuals with an eating disorder. This study aimed to address that gap in the literature. The purpose of this study is to examine whether traumatic life events impact psychosocial functioning among individuals living with an eating disorder. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify which traumas are shown to …

Correctional Officers’ Perceptions And Attitudes Toward Mental Health Within The Prison System, Alexandra Rose Serafini

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This research explored correction officers’ perceptions and attitudes in relation to inmates with mental health issues. In a qualitative fashion, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five correction officers in Southern California (N = 5) during the Winter 2018 Quarter. Using thematic analysis, this study identified six major themes from the interview data: mental health has remained a prominent issue within the prison population; correction officers were fairly knowledgeable about mental health; correction officers perceived themselves as having to play a limited role in the rehabilitation of inmates with mental health problems; constant prompts in daily activities and medication management were …

Stability Of The Human Faecal Microbiome In A Cohort Of Adult Men, Raaj S. Mehta, David A. Drew, Jason Lloyd-Price, Ayshwarya Subramaian, Paul Lochhead, Amit D. Joshi, Kerry L. Ivey, Hamed Khalili, Gordon T. Brown, Casey Dulong, Mingyang Song, Long H. Nguyen, Himel Mallick, Eric B. Rimm, Jacques Izard, Curtis Huttenhower, Andrew T. Chan, Galeb S. Abu-Ali

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Characterizing the stability of the gut microbiome is important to exploit it as a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker. We metagenomically and metatranscriptomically sequenced the faecal microbiomes of 308 participants in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Participants provided four stool samples—one pair collected 24–72 h apart and a second pair ~6 months later. Within-person taxonomic and functional variation was consistently lower than between-person variation over time. In contrast, metatranscriptomic profiles were comparably variable within and between subjects due to higher within-subject longitudinal variation. Metagenomic instability accounted for ~74% of corresponding metatranscriptomic instability. The rest was probably attributable to sources such …

Security And Privacy In Smart Health: Efficient Policy-Hiding Attribute-Based Access Control, Yinghui Zhang, Dong Zheng, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing technologies, smart health (s-health) is expected to significantly improve the quality of health care. However, data security and user privacy concerns in s-health have not been adequately addressed. As a well-received solution to realize fine-grained access control, ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) has the potential to ensure data security in s-health. Nevertheless, direct adoption of the traditional CP-ABE in s-health suffers two flaws. For one thing, access policies are in cleartext form and reveal sensitive health-related information in the encrypted s-health records (SHRs). For another, it usually supports …

Reserved Optimisation: Handling Incident Priorities In Emergency Response Systems, Muralidhar Konda, Supriyo Ghosh, Pradeep Varakantham

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Emergency (medical, fire or criminal) Management Systems(EMSs) are crucial for ensuring public safety and security. Typically in many cities, less than 20% of the cases received by EMSs belong to the extremely serious category and require immediate help. Rest of the incidents typically are less serious and thereby allow more flexibility in response time. Therefore, for efficient management of EMS requests, several EMSs now categorise an incoming emergency request into apriority level based on well studied “triaging” methods. Leading research on optimising emergency response has either focussed on data-driven models for settings with homogenous incidents or on generic heuristics (that …

Bounded Rank Optimization For Effective And Efficient Emergency Response, Pallavi Madhusudan Manohar, Pradeep Varakantham, Hoong Chuin Lau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Effective placement of emergency response vehicles (such as ambulances, fire trucks, police cars) to deal with medical, fire or criminal activities can reduce the incident response time by few seconds, which in turn can potentially save a human life. Owing to its adoption in Emergency Medical Services (EMSs) worldwide, existing research on improving emergency response has focused on optimizing the objective of bounded time (i.e. number of incidents served in a fixed time). Due to the dependence of this objective on temporal uncertainty, optimizing the bounded time objective is challenging. In this paper, we propose a new objective referred to …

Production Of Eggs And Sperm, Jia-Min Amanda Tay, Jin Chuan Yong, Norman P. Li

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The production of gametes is a biological process occurring in organisms that sexually reproduce. Females make gametes called eggs, and males make gametes called sperm. Both egg and sperm cells begin as identical germ cells and are produced through a process of cell division called meiosis, which reduces the number of chromosomes in the germ cell from 46 (diploid) to 23 (haploid). In human males, meiosis begins after birth, and, upon reaching puberty, men produce sperm continuously for the rest of their lives. In human females, meiosis begins before birth and the raw materials for egg cell production are formed …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Overweight And Obesity Among Preschool-Aged Children In San Luis Obispo County, 2006-2014, Kristine Z. Jankovitz, Alison K. Ventura, Trevor M. Curry, Victoria B. Howarth, Caitlin C. Moran, Robin M. Mertens, Leland A. Bailey, Kristen Thompson, Karen Mcgaughey

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background and Purpose: National prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among children remains high; surveillance of OW/OB at state- and local-levels is needed. This study determines the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of OW/OB among preschool-age children in San Luis Obispo (SLO) County.

Methods: Cross-sectional convenience samples of Head Start, California State, and private preschools were surveyed in 2006 (n=482), 2009/10 (n=559), and 2014 (n=442). At all waves, preschool children aged 3-5 years were measured for height and weight using standardized stadiometer and digital scale protocols. In 2014, parents completed a demographics questionnaire.

Results: Children assessed in 2009/10 and 2014 were …

Team Joseph's Bike Trailer, Keely Thompson, Curtis Wathne, Ryan Meinhardt

Mechanical Engineering

This final design report shows the results of this senior project’s design process of creating a custom bike trailer for Team Joseph. As done in the Scope of Work, Preliminary Design report, and Critical Design report, current products, relevant technologies, and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards are fully researched and benchmarked to aid in the design selection process. Customer requirements are looked at and developed into engineering specifications. A detailed design was created for CDR to show to Team Joseph, and manufacturing and testing plans were laid out. This final design report adds the final design revisions …

Test Of An Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Model To Improve Obesity-Related Health Outcomes In Michigan, Jean Nagelkerk, Ramona Benkert, Brenda Pawl, Amber Myers, Lawrence J. Baer, Ann Rayford, Scott J. Berlin, Kimberly Fenbert, Holly Moore, Mark Armstrong, Drew Murray, Phyllis D. Boone, Sandra Masselink, Carly Jakstys

Open Access Publishing Support Funded Articles

The purpose of the study was to test the effectiveness of an interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) education program on clinicians' and students' knowledge and attitudes toward IPCP and to determine the effectiveness of an IPCP weight loss program in two nurse-managed centers. The study team used the Midwest Interprofessional Practice, Education, and Research Center (MIPERC) collaborative practice education program that consists of online learning modules followed by daily huddles and collaborative care planning. The obesity intervention program was implemented by faculty and staff practitioners and students in two clinics with very different patient populations (community residents and college students). Staff/faculty …

Dissecting The Molecular Mechanism Of Early Tumor Dissemination In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Xingtong Liu

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related death in the United States and worldwide. It has been shown that 30%-55% of patients with early stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) developed and died of recurrence after curative resection, suggesting that tumor cell dissemination occurred early in those patients before surgery. However, molecular evidence, underline mechanisms and risk factors for the NSCLC relapse remain largely unknown. Addressing these questions will be critical for the development of strategies to stratify the risk of recurrence and approaches to reduce these risks. My thesis focused on dissecting the molecular basis …

Photochromic Thermochromic Nanocomposite, Syed M. Mustafa Akailvi

Theses and Dissertations

We have proposed a new nanocomposite consisting of F-127 polymer, AuNR and thermochromic dyes (TCD) which change color when they are heated above a tunable transition temperature. This nanocomposite has been demonstrated to show rapid, reversible and easily detectable color change at the timescales of ~60ms without degradation of any of its constituents which makes it a good candidate for in-vitro and in-vivo studies of thermal ablation treatment for cancer. This nanocomposite makes it possible to overcome one of the major shortcomings of photothermal therapy (PTT) and plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) by allowing the detection of heating occurring during PPTT …