Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Investigating Sports Drinks. Are They Worth The Money?, Ross Winter, Jamie Burnell

The International Student Science Fair 2018

Investigating Sports Drinks. Are they worth the money?

The sports drinks industry is a huge global business which shows no signs of slowing down. The inspiration to conduct this investigation came from an observation that there is an increasing consumption of sports and energy drinks within our community, particularly amongst children. The message from the advertisers is clear- athletes should replace lost body fluid with drinks that contain electrolytes, such as sports drinks. However, there are conflicting suggestions from conducting literature reviews; that, not only are these drinks unhealthy in terms of the high sugar content, but instead water …

Glucosamine From Hydrolysis Of 3d Printing Chitosan For Osteoarthritis Treatment, Ruj Dansriboon, Laphon Premcharoen

The International Student Science Fair 2018

This project aims to introduce a new way for osteoarthritis treatment which is expected to increase in the future. Glucosamine is the main subject for a treatment, which can be derived by hydrolyzing chitosan. This project also includes extraction of chitosan from shrimp waste to make a worthy use of food waste from industry. In this project, 3D printer is applied to print chitosan gel since 3D printing is adjustable to form various shapes of the gel.

The research process begins with the extraction of chitosan from shrimp shells. For the next step, the percent of deacetylation of chitosan was …

Cellphone Usage And The Risk Of Cancer, Mia Ye

The International Student Science Fair 2018

Introduction: As the use of cell phones have increased immensely in the last two decades, so has public concern regarding cell phone and its relationship to cancer. Cell phones emit radio frequency waves, a type of electromagnetic energy. Theoretically, these radiofrequency waves are considered as a form of non-ionizing radiation, and do not contain enough energy to damage DNA. However, human and animal studies on cell phone use and cancer risk have shown mixed results. The Danish cohort study, one of the largest long-term studies to date, compared everyone in Denmark with cell phone subscriptions between 1982 and 1995, and …

The Effect Of The Oxytocin Hormone In Cocaine Addicted Rats Suffering From Abstinence Syndrome, Juan Padilla

The International Student Science Fair 2018

This study aimed to understand the effects of oxytocin in cocaine-addicted rats to prove its ability to help recovering drug addicts overcome the extreme anxiety and craving that makes them relapse during their rehabilitation.

The Workingwell Smartphone App For Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses: A Proof-Of-Concept, Mixed Methods Feasibility Study (Preprint), Joanne Nicholson, Spenser M. Wright, Alyssa M. Carlisle, Mary Ann Greene Sweeney, Gregory J. Mchugo

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The disparities in employment for individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMI) have been well documented, as have the benefits of work. The benefits of mobile technology in providing accessible, in-the-moment support for these individuals has been demonstrated. The WorkingWell mobile app was developed to meet the need for accessible follow-along supports for individuals with SMI in the workplace. Objective: We explore the usability, usage, usefulness and overall feasibility of the WorkingWell mobile app with individuals with SMI receiving community-based services and actively employed. Methods: In this proof-of-concept, mixed methods, two-month feasibility study (N=40), employed individuals with SMI were recruited …

The Effect Of Hyperthermia On Liver Cell Viability, Jada Grant

The International Student Science Fair 2018

Hyperthermia is a treatment for liver cancer where the tumor is exposed to a relatively high heat temperature. This process is designed to make the tumor more susceptible to chemotherapy. My thought process was that if hyperthermia can kill cancerous cells, then there will be negative long term effects on the noncancerous cells surrounding the tumor. The project experimented on Kidney cells because the Kidney and Liver both go through the process of filtration. This means that the Kidney cells should give similar results that Liver cells would. Kidney cells were heated at 40 degrees Celsius for time amounts of …

Cloning Of An Overexpression Vector For The Rare And Uncharacterized Kras Mutant R164l, Julliane Jeanne Negre

The International Student Science Fair 2018

Mutations in the coding DNA of KRAS, which encodes for an active protein in the Ras signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation and growth, may be critical in the development of lung and colorectal cancer in humans. Clinical tests and therapies for cancer specifically target mutations, some of which may cause erroneous prognosis and prescription of cancer therapy posing more danger for patients with unique mutations. Therefore, characterization of non-hotspot mutations is becoming more important, where, KRAS R164L is an existing uncharacterized mutation identified through the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). The project aimed to clone a pTarget overexpression …

A Humanized Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Model To Elucidate Molecular Mechanism In Disease Pathology, Ragavi Vijayakumar, Maxine Hong

The International Student Science Fair 2018

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), that clinically manifests as an enlarged heart is a highly prevalent cardiac disorder with propensity towards arrhythmia-induced sudden cardiac death. The mechanism of HCM remains poorly defined, necessitating further understanding of the disease for improved therapeutic strategies. As it is challenging to obtain cardiac biopsies from human subjects, using induced pluripotent stem cells technology, we generated cardiomyocytes (CMs) in a dish from HCM patients. These HCM-CMs presented the clinical manifestation in that they were significantly larger in size in comparison to control (healthy)-CMs. Furthermore, gene expression profiling of cardiac ion channels revealed increased transcripts encoding for calcium …

N-Glycosylation Regulates Pannexin 2 Localization But Is Not Required For Interacting With Pannexin 1., Rafael E Sanchez-Pupo, Danielle Johnston, Silvia Penuela

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Pannexins (Panx1, 2, 3) are channel-forming glycoproteins expressed in mammalian tissues. We previously reported that N-glycosylation acts as a regulator of the localization and intermixing of Panx1 and Panx3, but its effects on Panx2 are currently unknown. Panx1 and Panx2 intermixing can regulate channel properties, and both pannexins have been implicated in neuronal cell death after ischemia. Our objectives were to validate the predicted N-glycosylation site of Panx2 and to study the effects of Panx2 glycosylation on localization and its capacity to interact with Panx1. We used site-directed mutagenesis, enzymatic de-glycosylation, cell-surface biotinylation, co-immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy. Our results showed …

Comparative Analysis Of Mutant Huntingtin Binding Partners In Yeast Species., Yanding Zhao, Ashley A Zurawel, Nicole P Jenkins, Martin L Duennwald, Chao Cheng, Arminja N Kettenbach, Surachai Supattapone

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Huntington's disease is caused by the pathological expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch in Huntingtin (Htt), but the molecular mechanisms by which polyQ expansion in Htt causes toxicity in selective neuronal populations remain poorly understood. Interestingly, heterologous expression of expanded polyQ Htt is toxic in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, but has no effect in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a related yeast species possessing very few endogenous polyQ or Q/N-rich proteins. Here, we used a comprehensive and unbiased mass spectrometric approach to identify proteins that bind Htt in a length-dependent manner in both species. Analysis of the expanded polyQ-associated proteins reveals marked enrichment of …

Availability And Use Of Magnesium Sulphate At Health Care Facilities In Two Selected Districts Of North Karnataka, India, Geetanjali Katageri, Umesh Charantimath, Anjali Joshi, Marianne Vidler, Umesh Ramadurg, Sumedha Sharma, Sheshidhar Bannale, Beth A. Payne, Sangamesh Rakaraddi, Rahat Qureshi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Background: Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Magnesium sulphate is accepted as the anticonvulsant of choice in these conditions and is present on the WHO essential medicines list and the Indian National List of Essential Medicines, 2015. Despite this, magnesium sulphate is not widely used in India for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. In addition to other factors, lack of availability may be a reason for sub-optimal usage. This study was undertaken to assess the availability and use of magnesium sulphate at public and private health care facilities in two districts of North Karnataka, India. Methods: A …

The Feasibility Of Task-Sharing The Identification, Emergency Treatment, And Referral For Women With Pre-Eclampsia By Community Health Workers In India, Umesh Charanthimath, Marianne Vidler, Geetanjali Katageri, Umesh Ramadurg, Chandrashekhar Karadiguddi, Avinash Kavi, Anjali Joshi, Geetanjali Mungarwadi, Rahat Qureshi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Background: Hypertensive disorders are the second highest direct obstetric cause of maternal death after haemorrhage, accounting for 14% of maternal deaths globally. Pregnancy hypertension contributes to maternal deaths, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, due to a scarcity of doctors providing evidence-based emergency obstetric care. Task-sharing some obstetric responsibilities may help to reduce the mortality rates. This study was conducted to assess acceptability by the community and other healthcare providers, for task-sharing by community health workers (CHW) in the identification and initial care in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
Methods: This study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka state in …

A Pilot Professional Development Program For Occupational Therapy Practitioners Who Work In Home Settings: Knowledge Translation On Urinary Incontinence, Jaimee Betts Hegge

Occupational Therapy Faculty Publications

The purpose of this project was to increase the knowledge and confidence of home based occupational therapy practitioners working with adults and older adults who have urinary incontinence. The knowledge translation model of education is used to educate health care providers to improve integration of new information. The Reflective Questioning Framework for coaching can be effective with increasing knowledge and confidence of practitioners that are integrating new learning into their daily home care practice. This project investigated how these two approaches to education impacted occupational therapy practitioners perceived level of knowledge and confidence treating urinary incontinence in adult and older …

Availability And Use Of Magnesium Sulphate At Health Care Facilities In Two Selected Districts Of North Karnataka, India., Geetanjali Katageri, Umesh Charantimath, Anjali Joshi, Marianne Vidler, Umesh Ramadurg, Sumedha Sharma, Sheshidhar Bannale, Beth A. Payne, Sangamesh Rakaraddi, Chandrashekhar Karadiguddi, Geetanjali Mungarwadi, Avinash Kavi, Diane Sawchuck, Richard Derman, Shivaprasad Goudar, Ashalata Mallapur, Mrutyunjaya Bellad, Laura A. Magee, Rahat Qureshi, Peter Von Dadelszen

Global Health Articles

BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Magnesium sulphate is accepted as the anticonvulsant of choice in these conditions and is present on the WHO essential medicines list and the Indian National List of Essential Medicines, 2015. Despite this, magnesium sulphate is not widely used in India for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. In addition to other factors, lack of availability may be a reason for sub-optimal usage. This study was undertaken to assess the availability and use of magnesium sulphate at public and private health care facilities in two districts of North Karnataka, India.

METHODS: A …

Trends And Determinants Of Stillbirth In Developing Countries: Results From The Global Network's Population-Based Birth Registry., Sarah Saleem, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Janet L. Moore, Syed Iqbal Azam, Sangappa M. Dhaded, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Ana Garces, Lester Figueroa, Irene Marete, Constance Tenge, Fabian Esamai, Archana B. Patel, Sumera Aziz Ali, Farnaz Naqvi, Musaku Mwenchanya, Elwyn Chomba, Waldemar A. Carlo, Richard Derman, Patricia L. Hibberd, Sherri Bucher, Edward A. Liechty, Nancy Krebs, K. Michael Hambidge, Dennis D. Wallace, Marion Koso-Thomas, Menachem Miodovnik, Robert L. Goldenberg

Global Health Articles

BACKGROUND: Stillbirth rates remain high, especially in low and middle-income countries, where rates are 25 per 1000, ten-fold higher than in high-income countries. The United Nations' Every Newborn Action Plan has set a goal of 12 stillbirths per 1000 births by 2030 for all countries.

METHODS: From a population-based pregnancy outcome registry, including data from 2010 to 2016 from two sites each in Africa (Zambia and Kenya) and India (Nagpur and Belagavi), as well as sites in Pakistan and Guatemala, we evaluated the stillbirth rates and rates of annual decline as well as risk factors for 427,111 births of which …

Glioblastoma Multiforme Involving Conus Medullaris In A Child, Muhammad Atif Mansha, Agha Muhammad Hammad Khan, Ahmed Nadeem Abbasi, Mohammad Usman Ali, Naureen Mushtaq, Maria Tariq, Asmara Waheed

Department of Radiation Oncology

Primary spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme involving the conus medullaris is an uncommon entity with poor outcomes. An aggressive multimodality treatment approach has been used, but prognosis remains same. There are no guidelines for the treatment of patients with spinal glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We highlight the case of a child diagnosed with conal GBM. He was treated with definitive surgery followed by adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation. After completion of treatment, he showed a temporary symptomatic improvement, but later on his condition deteriorated. We elaborate the stepwise treatment approach employed in this patient.

Spontaneous Lung Herniation Leading To Extensive Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, And Pneumopericardium., Mohsin Hamid, Ali R. Ghani, Waqas Ullah, Usman Sarwar, Rajesh Patel

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

Spontaneous lung herniation is a rare phenomenon in which the lung parenchyma along with the pleural membranes protrudes outside their usual boundaries and can lead to a wide variety of complications. We are reporting a case of a middle-aged male who presented with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation with severe bouts of cough. Initial computed tomography (CT) chest was unrevealing, but two days later, he developed spontaneous lung herniation, which was initially managed conservatively, but later it progressed to pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, with striking CT scan images showing extensive subcutaneous emphysema. Blowhole incisions were done on the anterior chest wall …

Relationship Between Vocal Fatigue And Physical/Psychological Factors In Prospective Vocal Professionals, Camille C. Gray

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Background: To date, research has primarily focused on the subjective and objective measurement of vocal fatigue in professional voice users such as teachers and singers. However, these studies have not examined the effects of psychosocial factors (e.g., lack of sleep, emotional distress) leading to vocal fatigue in depth. Much like the professional voice users, students seeking to be professional voice users may face several psychosocial difficulties, may also experience similar vocal demands, and may develop vocal fatigue.

Goal: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between psychosocial factors and vocal fatigue in students majoring in Communication Sciences …

Literature On Dental And Oral Health By King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Science, Saudi Arabia; A Bibliometric Study, Ikram Ul Haq, Khalid Al-Fouzan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

ABSTRACT

This present paper examines the bibliometric assessment of research performance on dental science literature by researchers affiliated to King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), its teaching hospitals and Research Centre, to determine the statistical scenario and highlight the emerging trends in dental research. It is a retrospective observational study that had been carried out in of College of Dentistry library, KSAU-HS during January 2018. Published research on dentistry in authorship affiliated to KSAU-HS was collected from different online sources; Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and the archival record of King Abdullah International Research Centre …

The Feasibility Of Task-Sharing The Identification, Emergency Treatment, And Referral For Women With Pre-Eclampsia By Community Health Workers In India., Umesh Charanthimath, Marianne Vidler, Geetanjali Katageri, Umesh Ramadurg, Chandrashekhar Karadiguddi, Avinash Kavi, Anjali Joshi, Geetanjali Mungarwadi, Sheshidhar Bannale, Sangamesh Rakaraddi, Diane Sawchuck, Rahat Qureshi, Sumedha Sharma, Beth A. Payne, Peter Von Dadelszen, Richard Derman, Laura A. Magee, Shivaprasad Goudar, Ashalata Mallapur, Mrutyunjaya Bellad, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Sheela Naik, Anis Mulla, Namdev Kamle, Vaibhav Dhamanekar, Sharla K. Drebit, Chirag Kariya, Tang Lee, Jing Li, Mansun Lui, Asif R Khowaja, Domena K. Tu, Amit Revankar

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders are the second highest direct obstetric cause of maternal death after haemorrhage, accounting for 14% of maternal deaths globally. Pregnancy hypertension contributes to maternal deaths, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, due to a scarcity of doctors providing evidence-based emergency obstetric care. Task-sharing some obstetric responsibilities may help to reduce the mortality rates. This study was conducted to assess acceptability by the community and other healthcare providers, for task-sharing by community health workers (CHW) in the identification and initial care in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

METHODS: This study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka state in …

Early Pregnancy Loss In Belagavi, Karnataka, India 2014-2017: A Prospective Population-Based Observational Study In A Low-Resource Setting., Sangappa M. Dhaded, Manjunath S. Somannavar, Jane P. Jacob, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Sunil S. Vernekar, S. Yogesh Kumar, Avinash Kavi, Umesh Y. Ramadurg, Janet L. Moore, Dennis P. Wallace, Richard J. Derman, Robert L Goldenberg, Shivaprasad S. Goudar

Global Health Articles

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of early pregnancy loss through miscarriage and medically terminated pregnancy (MTP) is largely unknown due to lack of early registration of pregnancies in most regions, and especially in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the rates of early pregnancy loss as well as the characteristics of pregnant women who experience miscarriage or MTP can assist in better planning of reproductive health needs of women.

METHODS: A prospective, population-based study was conducted in Belagavi District, south India. Using an active surveillance system of women of childbearing age, all women were enrolled as soon as possible during pregnancy. We evaluated …

Irs Supporting Acgme Accreditation, Kristine Petre

DC+MED

Learn how institutional repositories can support ACGME accreditation and reporting.

Appropriation Et Transfert Par Des Formateurs D’Une Nouvelle Approche De Prévention En Manutention Axée Sur L’Utilisation De Principes D’Action, Denys Denis, Maud Gonella, Marie Comeau, Martin Lauzier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Mise en contexte et objectif

Prenant acte du constat d’échec des formations à la manutention axées sur l’enseignement exclusif de la technique sécuritaire « dos droit – genoux fléchis », une nouvelle approche d’intervention dite « stratégie intégrée de prévention en manutention » (SIPM) a été proposée en 2011. Son originalité repose, entre autres, sur l’utilisation de neuf principes d’action permettant de comprendre et de commenter la richesse des techniques de manutention utilisées naturellement par les manutentionnaires dans leur milieu de travail. L’étude a pour objectif central d’évaluer l’appropriation et le transfert de la SIPM par un groupe d’intervenants formés …

Prévention De L’Exposition Cutanée Aux Pesticides Chez Les Producteurs De Pommes Et Facteurs Influençant Le Port Des Vêtements De Protection, Danièle Champoux, Caroline Jolly, Sylvie Beaugrand, Ludovic Tuduri

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Des recherches internationales ont déterminé que la peau constituait la principale voie d’exposition aux pesticides utilisés en agriculture. L’utilisation des équipements de protection individuelle (ÉPI) joue un rôle clé dans la prévention des risques liés à l’exposition. L’utilisation non systématique des ÉPI prescrits est toutefois documentée et constitue une cible prioritaire des interventions pour la réduction de l’exposition aux pesticides. Cette étude approfondit les résultats d’une première enquête auprès des producteurs de pommes en ciblant spécifiquement l’exposition cutanée aux pesticides et l’utilisation des vêtements de protection (VP). Elle a comme objectif de décrire les situations …

Metabolic And Vascular Imaging Biomarkers In Down Syndrome Provide Unique Insights Into Brain Aging And Alzheimer Disease Pathogenesis, Elizabeth Head, David K. Powell, Frederick A. Schmitt

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

People with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for developing Alzheimer disease (AD). Neuropathology consistent with AD is present by 40 years of age and dementia may develop up to a decade later. In this review, we describe metabolic and vascular neuroimaging studies in DS that suggest these functional changes are a key feature of aging, linked to cognitive decline and AD in this vulnerable cohort. FDG-PET imaging in DS suggests systematic reductions in glucose metabolism in posterior cingulate and parietotemporal cortex. Magentic resonance spectroscopy studies show consistent decreases in neuronal health and increased myoinositol, suggesting inflammation. There are …

Diversity In Parenting: A Qualitative Study On The Socialization Goals Of Palestinian Mothers From Different Socio-Economic Backgrounds, Layali Ba Hamayel

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined diversity in the socialization goals (SGs) of Palestinian mothers from different educational and socioeconomic backgrounds. It specifically looked at their cultural model using the Family Change model to analyze elements of collectivism and individualism in their attitudes and goals for the future. Purposeful-convenience sampling was used to recruit twelve urban Arab mothers of first grade children from two types of socio-economic backgrounds (SES). Each mother was interviewed about her goals and asked to describe her child. The interviews were analyzed thematically, and coding was guided by that used by other studies on SGs. One main finding was …

Studying Egfr Signaling Through Single Molecule Imaging And Computational Modeling, Emanuel Salazar Cavazos

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Signaling through the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in both physiological and cancer-related processes. In this work, single-molecule microscopy measurements and computational modeling were closely integrated to better understand the mechanisms that regulate EGFR signaling. Technical improvements were made over the previously described Single-Molecule Pull-down (SiMPull) assay to facilitate direct detection of the phosphorylation state of thousands of individual receptors, and thereby estimate both the fraction of receptors phosphorylated at specific tyrosine residues and the frequency of multisite phosphorylation. These improvements enabled the first direct detection of multisite phosphorylation on full-length Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), …

Lateralized Hippocampal Oscillations Underlie Distinct Aspects Of Human Spatial Memory And Navigation., Jonathan Miller, Andrew J. Watrous, Melina Tsitsiklis, Sang Ah Lee, Sameer A. Sheth, Catherine A. Schevon, Elliot H. Smith, Michael R. Sperling, Ashwini Sharan, Ali Akbar Asadi-Pooya, Gregory A. Worrell, Stephen Meisenhelter, Cory S. Inman, Kathryn A. Davis, Bradley Lega, Paul A. Wanda, Sandhitsu R. Das, Joel M. Stein, Richard Gorniak, Joshua Jacobs

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

The hippocampus plays a vital role in various aspects of cognition including both memory and spatial navigation. To understand electrophysiologically how the hippocampus supports these processes, we recorded intracranial electroencephalographic activity from 46 neurosurgical patients as they performed a spatial memory task. We measure signals from multiple brain regions, including both left and right hippocampi, and we use spectral analysis to identify oscillatory patterns related to memory encoding and navigation. We show that in the left but not right hippocampus, the amplitude of oscillations in the 1-3-Hz "low theta" band increases when viewing subsequently remembered object-location pairs. In contrast, in …

Returners Exhibit Greater Jumping Performance Improvements During A Peaking Phase Compared With New Players On A Volleyball Team, Caleb D. Bazyler, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, John J. Mcmahon, Paul Comfort, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Purpose: To determine if jumping-performance changes during a peaking phase differed among returners and new players on a female collegiate volleyball team and to determine which variables best explained the variation in performance changes.

Methods: Fourteen volleyball players were divided into 2 groups—returners (n = 7) and new players (n = 7)—who completed a 5-wk peaking phase prior to conference championships. Players were tested at baseline before the preseason on measures of the vastus lateralis cross-sectional area using ultrasonography, estimated back-squat 1-repetition maximum, countermovement jump height (JH), and relative peak power on a force platform. Jumping performance, rating of perceived …

Cardiovascular Health And Cognitive Decline In Older Adults, Alexa Ehlert, Evan Thacker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Cognitive impairment is a concerning issue among the population of older adults in the United States. This problem is compounded by the fact that science is largely uncertain of how to prevent cognitive decline; however, if we knew that particular modifiable behaviors associated with cardiovascular health were also related to cognitive health, then efforts to prevent cognitive impairment could potentially be developed. There are three principal goals of this project: 1) determine how cardiovascular health evolves in older adults over several years; 2) determine the relationship between cardiovascular health and cognitive decline in older adults; 3) determine how changes in …