Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Mortality Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants After Hospital Discharge In A Low Resource Setting, Yaser Abdallah, Flavia Namiiro, Jolly Nankunda, Jamiru Mugalu, Yvonne Vaucher

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background Early discharge of very low birth weight infant (VLBW) in low resource settings is inevitable but to minimize mortality of these infants after discharge we need to identify the death attributes.

Method A prospective cohort was conducted among 190 VLBW infants discharged from Mulago Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) with discharge weight of < 1500 g over an 8 months period. These infants were followed up with the aims of determining the proportion dead 3 months after discharge, identifying factors associated and possible causes of death.

Relevant data were captured, transferred in to STATA and imported to SPSS 12.0.1 for analysis. To determine factors associated with mortality bi-variable and multivariable regressions were conducted. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant and 95% confidence interval was used.

Results Of the enrolled infants 164 (86.3%) completed follow up. The median gestational age of study …

Tracking Facility-Based Perinatal Deaths In Tanzania: Results From An Indicator Validation Assessment, Marya Plotkin, Dunstan Bishanga, Hussein Kidanto, Mary Carol Jennings, Jim Ricca, Amasha Mwanamsangu, Gaudiosa Tibaijuka, Ruth Lemwayi, Benny Ngereza, Mary Drake

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background Globally, an estimated 2.7 million babies die in the neonatal period annually, and of these, about 0.7 million die from intrapartum-related events. In Tanzania 51,000 newborn deaths and 43,000 stillbirths occur every year. Approximately two-thirds of these deaths could be potentially prevented with improvements in intrapartum and neonatal care. Routine measurement of fetal intrapartum deaths and newborn deaths that occur in health facilities can help to evaluate efforts to improve the quality of intrapartum care to save lives. However, few examples exist of indicators on perinatal mortality in the facility setting that are readily available through health management information …

Higher Event Rate In Patients With High-Risk Duke Treadmill Score Despite Normal Exercise-Gated Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, Maseeh Uz Zaman, Nosheen Fatima, Areeba Zaman, Unaiza Zaman, Rabia Tehseen, Sidra Zaman

Department of Radiology

his prospective study was carried out to find the negative predictive value of various Duke Treadmill Scores (DTSs) in patients with normal myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). This study was conducted from August 2012 to July 2015, and 603 patients having normal exercise MPIs were included. Patients were followed for 2 years for fatal myocardial infarction (FMI) and nonfatal myocardial infarction (NFMI). Follow-up was not available in 23 patients, leaving a cohort of 583 participants. DTS was low risk (≥5) in 286, intermediate risk (between 4 and - 10) in 211, and high risk (≤-11) in 86 patients. Patients with high- …

Dynamical Patterning Modules, Biogeneric Materials, And The Evolution Of Multicellular Plants, Mariana Benitez, Valeria Hernandez-Hernandez, Stuart A. Newman, Karl Niklas

NYMC Faculty Publications

Comparative analyses of developmental processes across a broad spectrum of organisms are required to fully understand the mechanisms responsible for the major evolutionary transitions among eukaryotic photosynthetic lineages (defined here as the polyphyletic algae and the monophyletic land plants). The concepts of dynamical patterning modules (DPMs) and biogeneric materials provide a framework for studying developmental processes in the context of such comparative analyses. In the context of multicellularity, DPMs are defined as sets of conserved gene products and molecular networks, in conjunction with the physical morphogenetic and patterning processes they mobilize. A biogeneric material is defined as mesoscale matter with …

Analysis Of Student Performance Outcomes Using Virtual Dispensing Exercises, Sophia Brown, Clark D. Kebodeaux, Keith Sewell, Aric Schadler, Keenan Beaumont

Pharmacy Practice and Science Presentations

The objective of this study was to compare performance outcomes between PY1 and PY2 students on an identical exercise required during their final objective structured clinical exam (OSCE).

The Scoop, Vol. 5 Issue 3-4, Summer 2018, Health Sciences Library

Volume 5

Latest news and events from the Health Sciences Library in our monthly newsletter for Summer 2018.

Assessment Of Bulbar Function In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Validation Of A Self-Report Scale (Center For Neurologic Study Bulbar Function Scale)., R A Smith, E A Macklin, K J Myers, G L Pattee, K L Goslin, G D Meekins, J R Green, J M Shefner, E P Pioro

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Impaired bulbar functions of speech and swallowing are among the most serious consequences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite this, clinical trials in ALS have rarely emphasized bulbar function as an endpoint. The rater-administered Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) or various quality-of-life measures are commonly used to measure symptomatic benefit. Accordingly, we sought to evaluate the utility of measures specific to bulbar function in ALS.

METHODS: We assessed bulbar functions in 120 patients with ALS, with clinicians first making direct observations of the degree of speech, swallowing and salivation impairment in these subjects. Clinical diagnosis …

Adaptive Divergence In A Defense Symbiosis Driven From The Top Down, Jeremy J. Heath, Patrick Abbot, John O. Stireman Iii

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Most studies of adaptive radiation in animals focus on resource competition as the primary driver of trait divergence. The roles of other ecological interactions in shaping divergent phenotypes during such radiations have received less attention. We evaluate natural enemies as primary agents of diversifying selection on the phenotypes of an actively diverging lineage of gall midges on tall goldenrod. In this system, the gall of the midge consists of a biotrophic fungal symbiont that develops on host-plant leaves and forms distinctly variable protective carapaces over midge larvae. Through field studies, we show that fungal gall morphology, which is induced by …

Functional Polymorphisms Of Alcohol Metabolism Genes And Their Protection Against Alcoholism Via Gene Therapy: A Systematic Review, Olivia Tzeng

Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Around 45% of East Asians are unable to fully metabolize ethanol due to functional

polymorphisms of alcohol metabolism genes, specifically alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). These individuals display high levels of toxic blood acetaldehyde when consuming alcohol, causing symptoms such as tachycardia, vomiting, and flushing. The studies included in this review examine how functional polymorphisms of ADH and ALDH protect against alcoholism in addition to how polymorphisms can be utilized as protection against alcoholism via gene therapy. The studies included found that carriers of the ADH and ALDH polymorphisms were 66 to 99% genetically protected against alcoholism. Through …

Periodic Atlas Of The Metroscape: The Geography Of Health, Joshua Ollinger, Ashley Donald, Randy Morris

Metroscape

Our ability to lead a fulfilling life and pursue our goals is largely shaped by our health. Although we experience these conditions such as illness and disabilities at a very personal level, factors outside of our control are often what determines our health. Known as the Social Determinants of Health, where we are born, work, live, and spend our lives is considered equally if not more important to our health status than medical care and personal health behaviors. As a result, certain communities and populations disproportionately experience burdens. Identifying and increasing awareness of health disparities is an essential step toward …

Inpatient Initiated Methadone For Chronic Non-Cancer Pain At The University Of New Mexico, Steven Fishburn

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Introduction

Inpatient initiation of methadone is ideal due to associated risks of cardiac arrhythmias and a high incidence of overdose. Evidence based guidelines have been developed for initiation of methadone for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). The purpose of this study is to describe the frequency of pretreatment testing and high-risk prescribing in patients initiated on methadone at the University of New Mexico Hospital (UNMH).

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted using electronic health record data from UNMH, a southwest tertiary care center. We collected data on frequency of (1) pretreatment testing and (2) discharges with concomitant high-risk prescriptions. We …

Large Intra-Cardiac Fibroma Identified On Cardiac Mri - A Case Report And Review Of Literature, Khwaja Yousuf Hasan, Fateh Ali Tipoo Sultan

Section of Cardiology

Primary cardiac tumours are rare. Cardiac fibroma is a benign tumour of the heart. It is fairly common among children and adolescents and is rarely encountered in adults. We present the case of a thirty-eight year old lady who presented with shortness of breath and was found to have a very large intra-cardiac mass that had cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) features consistent with cardiac fibroma. The patient was referred for tumour resection, however could not survive the surgery.

Labrad : Vol 44, Issue 1 - July 2018, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• How to Investigate a Bleeding Disorder
• Nucleic Acid Testing at AKUH
• Lab Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease
• Ristocetin Cofactor Activity
• All You Need to Know About Thrombophilia Screening
• Utility of ADAMTS-13 Assay
• Homocysteine as a Risk Factor of Thrombosis
• Detection of Heparin/Platelet Factor 4 Antibodies
• Anti-factor Xa Assay

Aspirin In Primary Prevention Of Myocardial Infarction/Angina And Stroke In Hypertensive Patients, Aysha Almas, Muhammad Salman Ghazni, Shahrukh Hashman, Zain Mushtaq

Section of Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Incidence Of Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients Treated With Piperacillin-Tazobactam Or Meropenem In Combination With Vancomycin, Wilbur Cliff Rutter, David S. Burgess

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases during empirical antimicrobial therapy with the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) and vancomycin (VAN) compared to the number of incidences with monotherapy or the combination of cefepime and VAN. Limited data regarding the impact of meropenem (MEM) combined with VAN exist. This study examined the AKI incidence among patients treated with MEM plus VAN (MEM+VAN) or TZP+VAN. Data were collected from the University of Kentucky Center for Clinical and Translational Science Enterprise Data Trust from September 2007 through October 2015. Adults without previous renal disease who received MEM+VAN or TZP+VAN for at least 2 days were …

Self-Resistance During Muraymycin Biosynthesis: A Complementary Nucleotidyltransferase And Phosphotransferase With Identical Modification Sites And Distinct Temporal Order, Zheng Cui, Xia-Chang Wang, Xiaodong Liu, Anke Lemke, Stefan Koppermann, Christian Ducho, Jürgen Rohr, Jon S. Thorson, Steven G. Van Lanen

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Muraymycins are antibacterial natural products from Streptomyces spp. that inhibit translocase I (MraY), which is involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Structurally, muraymycins consist of a 5′-C-glycyluridine (GlyU) appended to a 5″-amino-5″-deoxyribose (ADR), forming a disaccharide core that is found in several peptidyl nucleoside inhibitors of MraY. For muraymycins, the GlyU-ADR disaccharide is further modified with an aminopropyl-linked peptide to generate the simplest structures, annotated as the muraymycin D series. Two enzymes encoded in the muraymycin biosynthetic gene cluster, Mur29 and Mur28, were functionally assigned in vitro as a Mg·ATP-dependent nucleotidyltransferase and a Mg·ATP-dependent phosphotransferase, respectively, both modifying the …

Incorporating The New Blood Pressure Guidelines Into Practice, Susan H. Davide, Anty Lam

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Infant And Young Child Feeding In Emergencies: Organisational Policies And Activities During The Refugee Crisis In Lebanon, Linda Shaker-Berbari, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Andrew G. Symon, Annie S. Anderson

Faculty Publications

Appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) is key to reducing mortality amongst children aged under 2. Facilitating adherence to recommended IYCF practices during emergencies includes having relevant policies to support breastfeeding and complementary feeding as well as regulating the distribution of breast milk substitutes. In the current crisis, more than 1.2 million Syrian refugees are in Lebanon and it is timely to examine organisational IYCF policies and programmes. One hundred and thirty-five non-governmental organisations providing humanitarian aid in Lebanon were invited to participate in an online survey about organisational policies and programmatic activities on IYCF. Responses were obtained from …

Prostate Cancer Information Available In Health-Care Provider Offices: An Analysis Of Content, Readability, And Cultural Sensitivity, Seul Ki Choi, Jessica S. Seel, Brooks Yelton Ma, Lmsw, Susan E. Steck Phd, Mph, Rd, Douglas P. Mccormick, Johnny Payne, Anthony Minter, Elizabeth K. Deutchki, James Hébert Scd, Daniela B. Friedman Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Prostate cancer (PrCA) is the most common cancer affecting men in the United States, and African American men have the highest incidence among men in the United States. Little is known about the PrCA-related educational materials being provided to patients in health-care settings. Content, readability, and cultural sensitivity of materials available in providers’ practices in South Carolina were examined. A total of 44 educational materials about PrCA and associated sexual dysfunction was collected from 16 general and specialty practices. The content of the materials was coded, and cultural sensitivity was assessed using the Cultural Sensitivity Assessment Tool. Flesch Reading Ease, …

Association Tests For Genetic Effect And Its Interaction With Environmental Factors, Zhengyang Zhou

Statistical Science Theses and Dissertations

My research is in the area of statistical genetics, and it contains three projects: (1) Differentiating the Cochran-Armitage (CA) trend test and Pearson’s chi-square test: location and dispersion; (2) Decomposing Pearson’s chi-square test: a linear regression and its departure from linearity; (3) Testing nonlinear gene-environment (GxE) interaction through varying coefficient and linear mixed models.

(1) In genetic case-control association studies, a standard practice is to perform the CA trend test with 1 degree-of-freedom (df) under the assumption of an additive model. However, when the true genetic model is recessive or near recessive, it is outperformed by Pearson’s chi-square test with …

With Some Risk-Taking And Luck: A Veterinarian's Adventures In Viral Immunology., Luis J. Sigal

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Complement Factor D Protects Mice From Ethanol-Induced Inflammation And Liver Injury., Rebecca L Mccullough, Megan R Mcmullen, Megan M Sheehan, Kyle L Poulsen, Sanjoy Roychowdhury, Dian J Chiang, Michele T Pritchard, Juan Caballeria, Laura E Nagy

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Complement plays a crucial role in microbial defense and clearance of apoptotic cells. Emerging evidence suggests complement is an important contributor to alcoholic liver disease. While complement component 1, Q subcomponent (C1q)-dependent complement activation contributes to ethanol-induced liver injury, the role of the alternative pathway in ethanol-induced injury is unknown. Activation of complement via the classical and alternative pathways was detected in alcoholic hepatitis patients. Female C57BL/6J [wild type (WT)], C1q-deficient ( C1qa

Oncolog, Volume 63, Number 07, July 2018, Sarah Bronson, Bryan Tutt

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• FGFR Inhibition for Bladder Cancer: Erdafitinib has favorable response rate in advanced bladder cancers, including those that do not respond to immunotherapy
• INBRIEF: Targeted Therapies Matched to Tumor-Specific Mutations Prolong Survival
• Managing High-Risk Breast Lesions: Strong provider recommendation for preventive therapy increases its use in women with lobular carcinoma in situ, atypical hyperplasia
• Aerosolized Gemcitabine for Pulmonary Metastases: Clinical trials tests novel chemotherapy delivery system for patients with lung metastases from osteosarcoma or other solid tumors
• HOUSE CALL: What the national Cancer Institute Does- Resources for cancer patients, caregivers, physicians, researchers

Baystate Health Sciences Library Newsletter - Summer 2018, Maria Roman

Library Newsletters

Health Sciences Library Newsletter - Summer 2018

Career/Interview Project, Kevin Mark

Open Educational Resources

Two of the core competencies designated for The First Year Seminar Liberal Arts Math and Science (LMF 101) course are Integrative Learning and Global Learning along with oral communication. These abilities are exercised by students in the Career/Interview Presentation project. The main goal of the assignment is to promote student networking within the scientific community through interviews with an expert in the field. Also the FYS students will conduct background research about their career choices and use their findings to determine if they can be realized when interviewing a professional. The assignment is scaffolded whereby students will learn to use …

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations In Children With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Longitudinal Study, Katie L Mowers, Lynn Sekarski, Andrew J White, R. Mark Grady

2010-2019 OA Pubs

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) often occur in children with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). A 14-year longitudinal study of PAVMs in children with HHT was undertaken to assess the prevalence, the clinical impact, and progression of these malformations. This was a retrospective, single-center study from May 2002 to December 2016 of 129 children with HHT diagnosed using Curacao criteria and/or confirmed by genetic testing. Transthoracic contrast echocardiography (TTCE) was the primary screening modality in all patients and PAVMs were diagnosed based on Barzilai criteria. Moderately positive TTCE (Barzilai criteria ≥ 2) was confirmed with subsequent contrast chest CT. New PAVMs were …

Transcription Factor Gata4 Associates With Mesenchymal-Like Gene Expression In Human Hepatoblastoma Cells, Tea Soini, Katja Eloranta, Marjut Pihlajoki, Antti Kyrönlahti, Oyediran Akinrinade, Noora Andersson, Jouko Lohi, Mikko P Pakarinen, David B Wilson, Markku Heikinheimo

2010-2019 OA Pubs

GATA4, a transcription factor crucial for early liver development, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of hepatoblastoma, an embryonal tumor of childhood. However, the molecular and phenotypic consequences of GATA4 expression in hepatoblastoma are not fully understood. We surveyed GATA4 expression in 24 hepatoblastomas using RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RNA interference was used to inhibit GATA4 in human HUH6 hepatoblastoma cells, and changes in cell migration were measured with wound healing and transwell assays. RNA microarray hybridization was performed on control and GATA4 knockdown HUH6 cells, and differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or …

Adapting The Breast Cancer Surgery Decision Quality Instrument For Lower Socioeconomic Status: Improving Readability, Acceptability, And Relevance, Marie-Anne Durand, Mary C Politi, Julie Margenthaler, Eloise Crayton, Sherrill Jackson, Nageen Mir, Et Al

2010-2019 OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Economic Development In Nonmetropolitan Nebraska: Internet Use, Nature-Based Tourism, Federal Tax Policy And Workforce Development: 2018 Nebraska Rural Poll Results, Rebecca J. Vogt, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel, Randolph L. Cantrell, Bradley Lubben, L. J. Mcelravy, Timothy Meyer

Rural Futures Institute: Publications

Conclusion

The proportion of rural Nebraskans accessing the Internet using their cell phone has increased compared to two years ago. But, the proportion subscribing to high-speed Internet service at home remained stable during the past two years. Persons living in or near the smallest communities are less likely than persons living in or near larger communities to have high-speed Internet service at home.

Not many rural Nebraskans report significant limitations from their home Internet service on their ability to do most tasks. At least one in ten report being limited significantly or not being able to play real time video …

Perceived Effects Of Ballet And Movement-Based Interventions For Parkinson’S Disease, Gabrielle Beauchamp, Ian Heinkele, Emily Hoogstra, Mackenzie Schumacher

Adult

This abstract will be available for download after an embargo period