Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evaluation Of A Human Papillomavirus Genotyping Assay For Cervical Cancer Screening In Tanzania, Kandali S. Kapie

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Abstract: Mucosal high-risk Human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) has been identified as the primary factor in causing cervical cancer, the most common cancer in women of low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cervical cancer screening, incorporating the HPV test shown to be more advantageous than screening by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) alone. However, due to resources constrain these countries could not afford the available HPV tests. We, therefore, validated a cost-effective Multiplex PCR HPV (mPCR) assay, a recently developed assay for detecting sixteen genital HPV, fourteen HR-HPV and 2 low-risk genotypes. We postulate that this HPV multiplex assay will be at …

Nursing Students' Perception Of Lateral Violence: The Impact Of An Educational Intervention, Kathryn M. Ledwin

Nursing Masters

Background: Interventions and educational curricula components have emerged outlining strategies to address lateral violence in nursing, however the ongoing efficacy of those interventions has not been thoroughly studied. The purpose of this study was to explore how an education program in undergraduate nursing education affects student perception of personal and classmate civility and lateral violence.

Method: A pilot study was conducted at a private college in western New York utilizing a one-group, pretest-posttest design. Measurement consisted of a 15-minute self-reported survey at the start and end of the first clinical nursing semester in an undergraduate baccalaureate program. During the semester, …

Effect Of Root Cause Analysis On Pre-Licensure, Senior-Level Nursing Students’ Safe Medication Administration Practices, Kristi Miller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine if student nurse participation in root cause analysis has the potential to reduce harm to patients from medication errors by increasing student nurse sensitivity to signal and responder bias.

Background: Schools of nursing have traditionally relied on strategies that focus on individual characteristics and responsibility to prevent harm to patients. The modern patient safety movement encourages utilization of systems theory strategies like Root Cause Analysis (RCA). The Patient Risk Detection Theory (Despins, Scott-Cawiezell, & Rouder, 2010) supports the use of nurse training to reduce harm to patients.

Method. Descriptive and …

Fascicle Arrangement In College-Aged Athletes, Jacob Goodin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To compare muscle architecture variables between sport and sex in competitive athletes, and to compare muscle architecture with performance variables in strong versus weak athletes, and good versus poor jumpers. Methods: The vastus lateralis (VL) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles of 139 collegiate athletes were collected using ultrasonography to determine muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), fascicle length (FL), and relative fascicle length (FL_rel). Absolute and relative peak power, absolute and relative isometric peak force, and jump height were measured in a subset of baseball and soccer athletes. A 5x2 factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used …

Bone Graft Donor Site Infection With A Rare Organism, Aeromonas Hydrophila: A Typical Location, Presentation And Organism With 2 Years Follow-Up: Case Report, Obada Hasan, Wajiha Khan, Muneeba Jessar, Aly Zaheer Pathan, Riaz Hussain Lakdawala

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Introduction: Aeromonas are Gram-negative bacilli often causing necrotizing fasciitis or sepsis in immunocompromised patients. Aeromonas Hydrophila is most often found in immunocompromised patients or those with burns or aquatic trauma. When patients present with a discharge and infection on bone graft donor site and progressive sepsis, an Aeromonas hydrophila infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Presentation of Case: We report here a rare case of Aeromonas hydrophila with surgical site sep- sis/infection in an immunocompromised 69 years old female, with several comorbids. Here we are reporting infection on donor surgical graft site, sparing major surgical site with the …

Preparing For A National Weightlifting Championship: A Case Series, Spencer K. Travis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis was to observe psychological, physiological, and performance changes to determine when two high-level weightlifters were peaked for a major competition. We addressed this purpose by conducting a two-part case study series with one USA international level female and one USA national level male weightlifter. Both athletes were considered to be peaked on competition day. The results support our hypothesis that jumping performance would be peaked on competition day corresponding with an increased recovery and decreased stress state. However, contrary to our hypothesis, each athlete exhibited small decreases in muscle size leading into the competition relative …

Determining The Effect Of Locally Delivered Bioactive Modulators On Macrophage Activation At The Implantation Site Of Different Biomaterials In Rats, Kamel Alkhatib

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Altering the foreign body reaction by targeting macrophages has been of interest in the biomaterials field to improve the integration of longevity of implanted biomedical devices. The objective of this dissertation was to study the effect of locally delivered bioactive modulators on macrophage activation at the implantation site of different biomaterials in rats. Iloprost, a prostacyclin analog, was tested for its ability to direct macrophages to their pro-wound healing phenotype after the implantation of microdialysis probe in the subcutaneous space of male Sprague Dawley rats. This study showed that iloprost can shift macrophage activation states in vivo to the pro-wound …

Phase-Iii, Randomized Controlled Trial Of The Behavioral Intervention For Increasing Physical Activity In Multiple Sclerosis: Project Bipams, Robert W. Motl, Brian M. Sandroff, Brooks C. Wingo, Justin Mccroskey, Lara A. Pilutti, Gary R. Cutter, Rachel E. Bollaert, Edward Mcauley

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Background

We propose a phase-III, randomized controlled trial (RCT) that examines the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) and delivered through the Internet using e-learning approaches for increasing physical activity and secondary outcomes (e.g., symptoms) in a large sample of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) residing throughout the United States.

Methods/design

The proposed phase-III trial will use a parallel group, RCT design that examines the effect of a 6-month behavioral intervention for increasing physical activity and secondarily improving mobility, cognition, symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) in persons with MS. The primary outcome is accelerometer-measured …

Associations Of Functional Connectivity And Walking Performance In Multiple Sclerosis, Rachel E. Bollaert, Kyle Poe, Elizabeth A. Hubbard, Robert W. Motl, Lara A. Pilutti, Curtis L. Johnson, Bradley P. Sutton

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) often demonstrate impaired walking performance, and neuroimaging methods such as resting state functional connectivity. (RSFC) may support a link between central nervous system damage and disruptions in walking.

Objectives

This study examined associations between RSFC in cortical networks and walking performance in persons with MS.

Methods

29 persons with MS underwent 3-T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and we computed RSFC among 68 Gy matter regions of interest in the brain. Participants completed the Timed 25-foot Walk as a measure of walking performance. We examined associations using partial Pearson product-moment correlation analyses (r …

Progress Of In-Stent Restenosis After Vertebral Artery Ostium Stenosis And Imaging Assessments, Jingzhi Li, Md, John R. Eisenbrey, Phd, Yang Hua, Md

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Stenting has become one of the primary procedure to treat vertebral artery ostium stenosis patients. Postoperative in­stent restenosis (ISR) of the stenting is still one of the unsolved issues and requires systematic and further investigation. Through imaging assessments, ISR could be identified and evaluated in clinical practice and researches.

Designing National Indoor Radon Surveys According To Iaea Guidance, Charles Fitzpatrick

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Radon is a radioactive gas that can accumulate indoors, typically in buildings with unfinished basements, poor ventilation, and/or cracks in walls or floors that lead to underlying soil, from which radon emanates. Radon is estimated to be the second most prevalent cause of lung cancer worldwide and is a threat to public health, which is a concern for national health authorities in many countries. Fortunately, radon can be measured and controlled. In order to know if radon poses a threat on a national level, studies must be performed that allow these authorities to extrapolate data from a relatively small amount …

Mental Health Research Productivity Of Nasp-Approved School Psychology Programs: 2010-2015, Mala Nash

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

With the evident need for mental health support of children and adolescents, there are identified professionals prepared to provide services within the school setting. The school psychologist is considered a key resource for providing mental health services such as preventive and crisis response (Dwyer, 2004; Armistead, 2008). Based on our country’s mental health needs and the significant role that schools can make in meeting those needs, it is pertinent to take a closer look at the literature specifically related to mental health. This review focused specifically on the field of school psychology’s contribution to mental health literature and established a …

An Evaluation Of Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology In Two Different Models Of Diabetes In Immune-Challenged Mice, Andrew Scott Murtishaw

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome are related disorders with wide-ranging and devastating effects that can be observed throughout the body. One important and understudied organ of damage is the brain. Clinical and epidemiological studies have found that T2DM, and more specifically hyperinsulinemia, significantly increases the risk of cognitive decline and increases the likelihood of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other forms of dementia in the elderly. Insulin has slightly different functions in the peripheral body than in the central nervous system and the dysregulation of these functions may contribute to the onset and progression of late-life neurodegenerative …

Patient-Centered Pain Management Communication From The Patient Perspective, Marie Haverfield, Karleen Giannitrapani, Christine Timko, Karl Lorenz

Faculty Publications

BackgroundPain management discussions between patient and provider can be stressful to navigate and greatly impact the care received. Because of the complexity, emotional color, and sensitivity of pain management, such discussions require a high degree of skill.ObjectiveTo identify patients’ perspectives of patient-centered care communication within the context of pain management discussions.DesignWe conducted semi-structured interviews (25–65 min) with patients regarding their experiences with pain assessment and management.Participants: 36 patients (29 males, 7 females), from 3 Veteran Affairs healthcare locations. Participant age ranged from 28 to 94 with pain intensity ranging from 0 to 10, based on the “pain now” numeric rating …

Glutathione: A Small Molecule With Big Sense, Cristina E. Raya, Debasish Bandyopadhyay

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Glutathione, a peptide found in microbes, plants and animals including human plays a key role in maintaining healthy cells. The peptide exists in both reduced and oxidized forms. Synthesis of GSH occurs in the cytosol of cells, and the extent of glutathione synthesis relies on various factors, such as amino acid availability, protein activity etc. Once synthesized, glutathione exists in both forms: oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH). Oxidized glutathione characterized by its disulfide linkage. On the other hand, presence of a thiol group characterizes the reduced glutathione. This thiol makes the tripeptide an essential component of health; it makes glutathione …

Inspire : Vol 1, Issue 4, Department Of Medicine

INSPIRE – Department of Medicine Archives

Content

• Message From The Chair
• Screening, Early referral and Lifestyle tailored E-prescription for Cardiovascular prevention in Pakistan (SELECT): a pilot feasibility study
• AKU Hawks swoop in and defeat Tabba Kings and LNH Warriors!
• Department of Medicine at Various National and International Forums
• New Initiatives at Department of Medicine
• Featured Faculty Profile
• Dr. Faisal Ismail; Work hard-Play harder
• Publications

Case Report: Lady With Bone Pains For 5 Years-Parathyroid Carcinoma, Azra Rizwan, Abid Jamal, Maseeh Uz Zaman, Saira Fatima

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

Background: Parathyroid cancer is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. It presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge that may not be recognized preoperatively, and is often not conclusively identified during the operation. We present the case of a lady with backache and hypercalcemia, but with inadequate work-up for her condition for several years.

Case Presentation: A middle aged lady of Asian descent presented with backache. Initial work up revealed mild hypercalcemia, negative work up for multiple myeloma, negative sestamibi scan for parathyroid pathology. A phenomenally elevated parathormone (PTH) level-2105 pg/mL (16-87 pg/mL), and rising serum calcium, 15.1 mg/dL, (8.6-10.5 …

Chbe 9335 A – Global Health And Preparedness, Andrew Hansen

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course will focus on global public health and preparedness for domestic and global emergencies. Students will explore patterns of health and disease around the world, and compare them to public health issues in the United States. An ecological framework will be employed to illustrate the complex political, social, economic, and environmental determinants of global health inequity. Concepts from the social sciences, epidemiology, health systems, and policymaking will be incorporated. The course will emphasize issues related to humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters both globally and domestically, and the need to build public health infrastructure and preparedness to mitigate them.

Epid 8230 – Observational Study Design And Analysis, Kelly L. Sullivan

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course will focus on the design and conduct of observational research designs including cohort, case-control and cross-sectional approaches. This course will provide instruction related to issues specific to observational research approaches. Students will develop and present detailed study plans for each research approach.

Geph 7530 – Capstone In Public Health Leadership, Sara S. Plaspohl

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This capstone course includes a study of selected issues in public health leadership. It is intended to expose students to the basic attributes of effective leaders, helping them apply leadership principles, theories, and skills to enhance personal and professional development in these areas. Educational methods may include open discussion, assigned readings, case studies, exercises, and presentations developed by both the professor and the students.

Pubh 3232: Foundations Of Health Education And Promotion Practice, Joanne Chopak-Foss

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course examines current issues and topics underlying the field of health promotion and education practice including philosophical foundations of health promotion and education, ethical issues in health education and promotion, the Certified Health Education Specialist Competencies, organizations and associations in public health education and employment potential. Prerequisite(s): A minimum grade of "C" in PUBH 2131.

Assessment Of Malnutrition In Patients With Liver Cirrhosis Using Protein Calorie Malnutrition (Pcm) Score Verses Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis (Bia), Om Parkash, Wasim Jafri, S. M. Munir, Romaina Iqbal

Section of Gastroenterology

Objective: Malnutrition is a common problem in patients with liver cirrhosis and tools for nutritional assessment are under debate. We conducted this study to assess prevalence of malnutrition in cirrhotic patients using PCM score and BIA. Additionally we compared BIA to PCM score for detecting malnutrition in this patient population.

Results: This was a cross sectional study conducted in two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi Pakistan on adults with liver cirrhosis. Malnutrition was assessed by PCM score using anthropometric measurements and biological specimens and (ii) Body cell mass was assessed using BIA. Malnutrition as estimated by the PCM score was …

Predictors Of Serious Findings On Bi-Directional Endoscopy In Young Patients With Anemia And Gi Symptoms, Faisal Aslam, A. B. Khalid, Faraz Siddiqui, Yamna Jadoon

Section of Gastroenterology

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been cited as the most common cause of anemia globally. Gastrointestinal (GI) lesions are amongst the common cause of IDA. Endoscopic evaluation is the most effective way to investigate the IDA. The aim of this study was to show the association of alarming GI symptoms with abnormal endoscopic findings and to cut off the burden and cost of unnecessary endoscopies.

Methods: This is cross sectional study of anemic patient who underwent upper and lower GI endoscopies in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi between July-December 2016.

Results: Total 243 patients were identified after excluding ineligible …

Treatment Of People Diagnosed With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Marc Bulterys, Saeed Hamid

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

Perspectives, Challenges, And Oral Cancer Screening Practices Of Primary Care Providers At Nebraska Medicine, Nishitha Ponnamaneni

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Background

High mortality and morbidity associated with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) are due to delayed diagnosis. Early detection of OPC is possible by incorporating oral cancer screening (OCS) in the annual screening examination protocol of primary care providers (PCPs). The study was aimed to understand the perspectives and barriers of PCPs in screening their patients for OPC.

Objectives

1) To understand challenges PCPs’ face in performing OCS, 2) To determine the factors that influence PCPs’ decision to complete OCS, and 3) To determine if PCPs who received education on OCS are more likely to perform the screening compared to PCPs who …

Equity Of Care Analysis At Chi Health Hospitals And Clinics In The Omaha Metro Area., Lindsey Cork

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

The goal of the project is to identify if health disparities exist between patient groups based on race, ethnicity, language, payer type, and location of residence who received healthcare services from CHI Health system in the Omaha Metro area during January 2017 – March 2018. The health outcomes of interest are HPV vaccination rates, diabetes control rates, breast cancer screening rates, colorectal cancer screening rates, and 30-day hospital readmissions. Patient data from six Omaha area clinics and five hospitals was analyze in this study.

Among the six CHI Health clinics in this study, Lakeside had the highest rates of A1c …

Collaboration Between University Centers For Excellence In Developmental Disabilities (Ucedds) And Independent Living Networks, Sarah Swanson

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

In every state and U.S. Territory, there is a University Center for Developmental Disabilities (UCEDD), which is part of the state Developmental Disabilities network and an Independent Living (IL) Network, composed of Centers for Independent Living and Statewide Independent Living Councils. Each of these receive federal funding (and frequently state funding) to support people with disabilities and their families. However, each has different federal funding sources, different origins within federal legislation and different requirements. Through discussions with IL and UCEDD leadership it is clear that there are collaborations between the two, yet this is not widely recognized. This research proposal …

Protecting And Serving Yourself: The Mental Health Of Police Officers In Kaukauna, Wisconsin, Caina Weiner

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

The service learning hours performed at the Kaukauna Police Department served as a valuable learning experience to better understand an organization that is involved in public health. Although some may view this as non-traditional, the police department is quite involved in the community’s health. They work closely with public health officials and are also involved in certain public health programs, such as drug and alcohol programs. The health of a police officer must also be considered as a public health topic. A police officer is part of a vulnerable population of individuals that are “first responders.” These individuals are at …

Title X Family Planning Secondary Data Analysis Needs Assessment, Laura Triplett

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

The goal of the Title X Needs Assessment is to ‘Provide individuals the information and means to exercise personal choice in determining the number and spacing of their children', prevent unintended pregnancies, and reduce the number of abortions.’ Objectives include but are not limited to family involvement, abstinence and safer sex practice, intimate partner violence, human trafficking, contraceptive services, pregnancy testing and counseling, achieving pregnancy, basic infertility services, preconception health, STI/STD testing and treatment and HIV testing, Well Women/Men Exams; screening for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and testicular cancer in males. Sexual health education and reproductive life planning will be …

A Characterization Of The Medical-Legal Partnership (Mlp) Of Nebraska Medicine, Jordan Pieper

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

This research study was completed at Legal Aid of Nebraska’s Health, Education, and Law Project through the partnership it has formed working with Nebraska Medicine and Iowa Legal Aid. Traditionally, health and disease have always been viewed exclusively as "healthcare" issues. But with healthcare consistently growing towards holistic approaches to help patients, we now know there are deeper, structural conditions of society that can act as strong driving forces of a person's poor daily living conditions that can negatively impact health. The importance of a Medical-Legal Partnership is that it considers a patient's social determinants of health (SDHs). The goal …