Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Consistent And Reproducible Cultures Of Large-Scale 3d Mammary Epithelial Structures Using An Accessible Bioprinting Platform, John A. Reid, Peter M. Mollica, Robert D. Bruno, Patrick C. Sachs

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

Background: Standard three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture techniques, such as those used for mammary epithelial cells, rely on random distribution of cells within hydrogels. Although these systems offer advantages over traditional 2D models, limitations persist owing to the lack of control over cellular placement within the hydrogel. This results in experimental inconsistencies and random organoid morphology. Robust, high-throughput experimentation requires greater standardization of 3D epithelial culture techniques.

Methods: Here, we detail the use of a 3D bioprinting platform as an investigative tool to control the 3D formation of organoids through the "self-assembly" of human mammary epithelial cells. Experimental bioprinting procedures …

Vitamin D: Controversy Cancer And Beyond, Cristian J. Rosales, Debasish Bandyopadhyay

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Vitamins are an essential part to wellbeing. This was not something always known however, as the Germ theory was the accepted thesis of the 18th century. It was found that certain accessory factors helped mitigate and even cure these diseases such as beriberi, scurvy, and rickets. Accessory factors, later coined vitamins by Casimir Funk, are an essential constituent of the human diet. Vitamin D is technically not a vitamin but functions as a steroid hormone whose most well-known purpose is calcification of the human skeleton. This helps prevent osteomalacia in adults and rickets, a serious problem in children due to …

Sex And Gender In Emergency Medicine: A Simulation Experience, Gillian A. Beauchamp Md

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Exposures Through Breastmilk: An Analysis Of Exposure And Information Calls To Us Poison Centers, 2001-2017, Gillian A. Beauchamp Md, Robert G. Hendrickson Md, B. Zane Horowitz Md, Daniel A. Spyker Md, Phd

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Boys’ Sex Education In Rural Maharashtra: Context, Community, And Trust, Sierra Bradshaw-Kreimer

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The primary research question of this study is: do alumni of CRHP’s Adolescent Boy’s Program (ABP) and parents of alumni of the ABP report that the boys have changed after completing the program, and if yes, in what ways? Beyond that, the study is also concerned with examining potential reasons behind the results of the primary research question. The researcher conducted interviews with 3 ABP alumni and 3 parents of ABP alumni, in addition to attending information sessions and observing the workings of CRHP. The primary findings were that yes, the respondents reported a change. The change was described as …

Trust, Access, And Adaptation To Needs: The Role Of Community-Based Promoters In Health Insurance Delivery In Gujarat, India, Lauryn Stafford

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The research question this study addresses is: How do community-based promoters contribute to the delivery and utilization of health insurance among marginalized populations in India? To address this question, the successes and difficulties experienced by VimoSEWA community-based insurance promoters, called aagewans, were investigated through field visits and personal interviews in Ahmedabad and nearby rural districts in Gujarat. VimoSEWA’s insurance delivery model is an appropriate topic of investigation for this study because its beneficiaries are self-employed women with limited prior access to financial protection. Both aagewans and insurance members were interviewed during this study to develop a comprehensive understanding of the …

Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome In India: A Socio-Cultural Perspective, Hannah Wickham

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study examines the ways in which cultural determinants affect the health-seeking, diagnosis and treatment process of women with Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) as well as the underlying socio-cultural causes of the illness. Often coined as a “lifestyle disease”, PCOS is becoming a growing concern of physicians and women alike as its prevalence is on the rise with no signs of slowing down. Lifestyle, stigmas/taboos, PCOS’s effect on identity, and quality of life are all areas that are examined throughout this paper. A mixture of patients’ and doctors’ perspectives on PCOS were gathered throughout a three-week time period in …

“If You Seek, You Know You Will Find And If You Find You Have Cancer, Why Do You Seek?” Knowledge And Practices Regarding Cancer Screening And Prevention In Cato Manor, Lilly Hennessey

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The incidence of cancer continues to increase in South Africa, creating a serious concern for public health. There are currently several cancer awareness programs operating in the Durban area, but little is known as to whether they are having a positive impact on communities. This project aimed to understand the knowledge and practices regarding cancer screening and prevention in Cato Manor, KwaZulu-Natal. In doing so, it assessed the effectiveness and knowledge of current programs which work to increase cancer awareness.

This study used a mixed methodology approach. Surveys were given to 30 residents of Cato Manor to gain a quantitative …

Promis Pain Interference Is Superior Vs Numeric Pain Rating Scale For Pain Assessment In Foot And Ankle Patients, David N. Bernstein, Meghan Kelly, Jeff Houck, John P. Ketz, Samuel Flemister, Benedict F. Digiovanni, Judith F. Baumhauer, Irvin Oh

Faculty Publications - College of Physical Therapy

Background: The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a popular method to assess pain. Recently, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) has been suggested to be more accurate in measuring pain. This study aimed to compare NPRS and PROMIS Pain Interference (PI) scores in a population of foot and ankle patients to determine which method demonstrated a stronger correlation with preoperative and postoperative function, as measured by PROMIS Physical Function (PF).

Methods: Prospective PROMIS PF and PI and NPRS data were obtained for 8 common elective foot and ankle surgical procedures. Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at a …

A Brief Report Of Immunohistochemical Markers To Identify Aggressive Hepatoblastoma., Vivekanand Singh, Michelle Manalang, Meenal Singh, Udayan Apte

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children. Although survival of patients has improved significantly over the last 2 decades, a significant number of patients do not respond to standard chemotherapy. We conducted a pilot study to understand if there was immunophenotypic difference between tumors that respond well to chemotherapy versus that do not. We selected 10 cases of HB from children presenting at our hospital. All patients had initial tissue diagnosis, underwent chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. The cases were divided into 2 groups: aggressive group with 5 cases (all of which had a poor response …

The Association Of Hospital Practices To Breastfeeding Behaviors In South Carolina: Analysis Of 2013-2015 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (Prams) Data, Larisa Donnette Bruner

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether hospital practices are associated with breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding duration for ≥10 weeks.

Methods: We analyzed the 2013-2015 South Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data. The population of interest was mothers who delivered a single live birth in the hospital. The infant was alive and living with the mother at the time of the survey. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to examine breastfeeding initiation and duration among all women who delivered in a hospital and those who stated that they initiated breastfeeding while in the …

Physical Activity During Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes In South Carolina 2009-2015, Andrew Tyler Broadway

Theses and Dissertations

Physical activity is known to be beneficial to adults in general, including pregnant women, but the literature on physical activity and neonatal outcomes has been inconsistent. Few studies have differentiated between physical activity prior to pregnancy and during pregnancy to see whether the typical beneficial effect is not due to having a more active lifestyle in general. The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is a national cross-sectional surveillance system. Our data from SC PRAMS included 6391 respondents and was weighted to be representative of population of pregnant women that delivered in the state. We excluded births that were not …

Assessing The Operational Feasibility And Acceptability Of An Inhalable Formulation Of Oxytocin For Improving Community-Based Prevention Of Postpartum Haemorrhage In Myanmar: A Qualitative Inquiry, Kyu Kyu Than, Victoria Oliver, Yasmin Mohamed, Thazin La, Pete Lambert, Michelle Mcintosh, Stanley Luchters

Population Health, East Africa

Objective: This study assessed the potential operational feasibility and acceptability of a heat-stable, inhaled oxytocin (IOT) product for community-based prevention of postpartum haemorrhage in Myanmar.

Methods: A qualitative inquiry was conducted between June 2015 and February 2016 through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Research was conducted in South Dagon township (urban setting) and in Ngape and Thanlyin townships (rural settings) in Myanmar. Eleven focus group discussions and 16 in-depth interviews were conducted with mothers, healthcare providers and other key informants. All audio recordings were transcribed verbatim in Myanmar language and were translated into English. Thematic content analysis was done …

“I Should Have Started Earlier, But I Was Not Feeling Ill!” Perceptions Of Kalenjin Women On Antenatal Care And Its Implications On Initial Access And Differentials In Patterns Of Antenatal Care Utilization In Rural Uasin Gishu County Kenya, Roselyter Riang’A, Anne Nangulu, Jacqueline Broerse

Population Health, East Africa

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how Kalenjin women in rural Uasing Gishu County in Kenya perceive antenatal care and how their perceptions impede or motivate earlier access and continuous use of antenatal care services.

Methods: A study was conducted among 188 pregnant and post-natal mothers seeking care in 23 rural public health facilities. Gestational age at the initial antenatal care booking was established from their medical cards. Further researcher-administered questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used. Key informant interviews with traditional birth attendants (n = 6) and maternal and child health nursing officers (n = …

Perceived Causes Of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes And Remedies Adopted By Kalenjin Women In Rural Kenya, Roselyter Riang’A, Anne Nangulu, Jacqueline Broerse

Population Health, East Africa

Background: There have been few studies about the basis on which women in developing regions evaluate and choose traditional rather than western maternal care. This qualitative study explores the socio-cultural perceptions of complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth and how these perceptions influence maternal health and care-seeking behaviours in Kenya.

Methods: Kalenjin women (n = 42) aged 18–45 years, who were pregnant or had given birth within the last 12 months, were interviewed. A semi-structured interview guide was used for data collection. A further nine key informant interviews with Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) who were also herbalists (n …

Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, And Feelings Of Decreased Personal Accomplishment Oh My: What Message Are We Sending To Our Students?, Nikki Sleddens, Betsy J. Becker

Posters and Presentations: Physical Therapy

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this presentation is to address the issue of burnout amongst PTs through the lens that addressing this issue in our profession may very well be the first step in building resilience in the academic and clinical environments.

METHODS AND/OR DESCRIPTION:

Physical therapy student well-being is a priority for academic institutions. Yet, are we, as academic and clinical faculty, who are responsible for promoting student well-being, “well” ourselves? Could burnout of our academic and clinical faculty impact our student’s wellness? Burnout is a syndrome described as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feelings of decreased personal accomplishment. All effects …

The Efficacy Of A Diet Low In Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, And Polyols (Fodmaps) In The Treatment Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Raelyn Haubensak

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

This paper reviews the efficacy of the low-FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols) diet in treating the symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Since IBS has a wide range of etiologies and symptoms, it is often difficult to treat. A large majority of patients report their symptoms being associated with their diet. Researchers have shown that specific components of food, FODMAPs, may play a role in exacerbating symptoms. In this literary review, the physiological effects and the efficacy of the low-FODMAP diet was explored using current literature. In conclusion, the low-FODMAP diet may be an efficacious treatment option …

Improving The Interprofessional Relationship Between Nurses And Speech-Language Pathologists: A Pilot Study, Christina Hamling, Kristy Weissling

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

The research presented in this thesis explores the impact of interprofessional education on undergraduate nursing and speech-language pathology students with an overall goal of improving the interprofessional relationship between the two fields. Utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods in the form of a pre-test, educational materials, live guided observation, and post-tests, the researchers found an increase in the nursing students ’ ability to identify the role of the speech-language pathologist in a medical setting (knowledge). There was also an increase in the speech-language pathology students’ ability to understand how and when to communicate with nurses in a medical setting (knowledge).

Translational Evaluation Of Acid/Base And Electrolyte Alterations In Rodent Model Of Focal Ischemia, Sarah R. Martha, Lisa A. Collier, Stephanie M. Davis, Hilary A. Seifert, Christopher C. Leonardo, Craig T. Ajmo, Elspeth A. Foran, Justin F. Fraser, Keith R. Pennypacker

Neurology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acid/base and electrolytes could provide clinically valuable information about cerebral infarct core and penumbra. We evaluated associations between acid/base and electrolyte changes and outcomes in 2 rat models of stroke, permanent, and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

METHODS: Three-month old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Pre- and post-middle cerebral artery occlusion venous samples for permanent and transient models provided pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, and electrolyte values of ionized calcium, potassium, and sodium. Multiple regression determined predictors of infarct volume from these values, and Kaplan-Meier curve analyzed morality between permanent and transient …

Factors Contributing To 30-Day Readmission In Postsurgical Patients: A Reevaluation Of Hospital Policies And Proposal For Change, Miriam Morgan-Skinner

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Background

Readmission can cause much frustration for patients and families. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has emphasized the importance of finding ways to decrease readmissions within 30 days of discharge. In the southwest healthcare organization studied, the 30-day readmission rate for abdominal surgeries was 10%. The goal of the study was to identify the causative factors for the readmissions and make appropriate suggestive changes. This project identified the factors contributing to the 30-day readmission rate in selected abdominal surgeries between January 2016-July 2017 and developed a policy to address the predominant factor.

Method

After receiving institutional review …

Prevalence Of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Among Patients With Cranial Venous Sinus Thrombosis In The Presence And Absence Of Venous Infarcts, Muhammad Azeemuddin, Muhammad Awais, Fatima Mubarak, Noor Ul-Ain Baloch

Department of Radiology

Introduction: In patients with cranial venous sinus thrombosis, the occurrence of subarachnoid haemorrhage in association with haemorrhagic venous infarcts is a well described phenomenon. However, the presence of subarachnoid haemorrhage in patients with cranial venous sinus thrombosis in the absence of a haemorrhagic venous infarct is exceedingly rare.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts and scans of all patients who had cranial venous sinus thrombosis confirmed by magnetic resonance venography at our hospital between September 2004 and May 2015. The presence of subarachnoid haemorrhage was ascertained on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, susceptibility-weighted imaging and/or unenhanced computed tomography scans by a single experienced …

Ex-Post Economic Analysis Of Push-Pull Technology In Eastern Uganda, Ruth T. Chepchirchir, Ibrahim Macharia, Alice W. Murage, Charles A.O. Midega, Zeyaur R. Khan

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Push–pull technology (PPT) simultaneously reduces the impact of three major production constraints, pests, weeds and poor soil, to cereal–livestock farming in Africa. In order to ascertain the social value of the technology and to make decisions about the trade-offs in the allocation of scarce resources in research, gross margin analysis and the Dynamic Research for Evaluation Management economic surplus model were applied to calculate and analyze the benefits of PPT for 568 households located in four districts in eastern Uganda. The results showed that with PPT the economy of these districts would derive an overall net gain of 3.8 million …

Developmental Chromatin Restriction Of Pro‐Growth Gene Networks Acts As An Epigenetic Barrier To Axon Regeneration In Cortical Neurons, Ishwariya Venkatesh, Vatsal Mehra, Zimei Wang, Ben Califf, Murray G. Blackmore

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Axon regeneration in the central nervous system is prevented in part by a developmental decline in the intrinsic regenerative ability of maturing neurons. This loss of axon growth ability likely reflects widespread changes in gene expression, but the mechanisms that drive this shift remain unclear. Chromatin accessibility has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in other cellular contexts, raising the possibility that chromatin structure may contribute to the age‐dependent loss of regenerative potential. Here we establish an integrated bioinformatic pipeline that combines analysis of developmentally dynamic gene networks with transcription factor regulation and genome‐wide maps of chromatin accessibility. When applied …

Reflections On The Use Of A Smartphone To Facilitate Qualitative Research In South Africa, Sogo France Matlala, Makoko Neo Matlala

The Qualitative Report

This paper describes conditions that led to the use of a smartphone to collect qualitative data instead of using a digital voice recorder as the standard device for recording of interviews. Through reviewing technical documents, the paper defines a smartphone and describes its applications that are useful in the research process. It further points out possible uses of other applications of a smartphone in the research process. The paper concludes that a smartphone is a valuable device to researchers.

An Enhanced Actualized Dnp Model To Improve Dnp Project Placements, Rigor, And Completion: A Research Brief, Marie Vanderkooi, Dianne Conrad, Sandra Spoelstra

Open Access Publishing Support Funded Articles

Doctor of nursing practice (DNP) projects are summative evaluations of enactment of the DNP Essentials. However, information about structure, process, and outcomes of DNP projects is scarce. Guided by an enhanced actualized DNP model, this study tested the effect of a PhD-DNP-site mentor model to guide DNP projects. Time-to-complete assignments, defense, and graduation improved; high satisfaction for students, mentors, and faculty were found; and a strengthened academic-practice partnership occurred, leading to additional student placements. Broader testing of the enhanced model in various size and types of academic-practice settings is needed prior to use.

Primary Klebsiella Pneumoniae Osteomyelitis With Bacteremia And Sepsis In A Patient With Cirrhosis, Akshay Khatri, Naga S. Kanaparthy, Bright J. Selvaraj, Eunna Cho, Marc Y. El Khoury

NYMC Faculty Publications

Osteomyelitis is commonly caused by Staphylococci, Streptococci, Escherichia coli, and anaerobes. There have been cases of rare organisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) being initially overlooked as causes of osteomyelitis. We report a case of an elderly cirrhotic adult male transferred for further management of liver failure, who was subsequently diagnosed with Kp osteomyelitis and sepsis. He had a history of blunt leg trauma, and MRI of the leg revealed osteomyelitis, with a negative workup for other sources of infection. Kp osteomyelitis is reported in less than 100 cases, mainly in pediatric and sickle-cell patients. There are no pathognomonic imaging findings. …

Association Of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With Cardiovascular Disease And Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Rahul Sao, Wilbert S. Aronow

NYMC Faculty Publications

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to fatty infiltration of liver in the absence of significant alcohol intake, use of steatogenic medication, or hereditary disorders. It is a common cause of chronic liver disease with a worldwide estimated prevalence ranging from 6.3% to 33%. The NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress are central to pathogenesis of NAFLD, and risk factors include metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking, and high fat diet. NAFLD is associated with higher mortality as compared to the general population with cardiovascular disease …

Home-Based, Square-Stepping Exercise Program Among Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis: Results Of A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Study, Emerson Sebastião, Edward Mcauley, Ryosuke Shigematsu, Brynn C. Adamson, Rachel E. Bollaert, Robert W. Motl

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

There is very little known about exercise rehabilitation approaches for older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS), yet this growing segment of the MS population experiences declines in cognition and mobility associated with disease progression and aging. We conducted a RCT examining the feasibility of a 12-week, home-based Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) program in older adults with MS. Older adults with MS (N = 26) with mild-to-moderate levels of disability were recruited and randomized into the intervention (i.e., SSE) or a minimal activity, attention-control conditions. Participants in the SSE condition received a mat for home-based practice of the step patterns, an …

One-Year Analysis Of The Prospective Multicenter Sentry Clinical Trial: Safety And Effectiveness Of The Novate Sentry Bioconvertible Inferior Vena Cava Filter., Michael D Dake, Timothy P Murphy, Albrecht H Krämer, Michael D Darcy, Luke E Sewall, Michael A Curi, Matthew S Johnson, Frank Arena, James L Swischuk, Gary M Ansel, Mitchell J Silver, Souheil Saddekni, Jayson S Brower, Robert Mendes, Sentry Trial Investigators

Heart and Vascular Articles

PURPOSE: To prospectively assess the Sentry bioconvertible inferior vena cava (IVC) filter in patients requiring temporary protection against pulmonary embolism (PE).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: At 23 sites, 129 patients with documented deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or PE, or at temporary risk of developing DVT or PE, unable to use anticoagulation were enrolled. The primary end point was clinical success, including successful filter deployment, freedom from new symptomatic PE through 60 days before filter bioconversion, and 6-month freedom from filter-related complications. Patients were monitored by means of radiography, computerized tomography (CT), and CT venography to assess filtering configuration through 60 days, …

Short-Term Association Between Black Carbon Exposure And Cardiovascular Diseases In Pakistan’S Largest Megacity, Daniel Malashock, Haider Khwaja, Zafar Fatmi, Azhar Siddique, Yi Lu, Shao Lin, David Carpenter

Community Health Sciences

This study investigated the association between black carbon (BC) exposure and hospital admissions (HAs) and outpatient department/emergency room (OPD/ER) visits for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among residents of Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan. We measured daily concentrations of BC in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and collected records of HAs and OPD/ER visits for CVD from 2 major tertiary care hospitals serving Karachi for 6 weeks continuously during each quarter over 1 year (August 2008–August 2009). We subsequently analyzed daily counts of hospital and BC data over 0–3 lag days. Daily mean BC concentrations varied from 1 to 32 µg/m3 . …