Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Als Mutations Of Fus Suppress Protein Translation And Disrupt The Regulation Of Nonsense-Mediated Decay, Marisa Kamelgarn, Jing Chen, Lisha Kuang, Huan Jin, Edward J. Kasarskis, Haining Zhu

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by preferential motor neuron death. Approximately 15% of ALS cases are familial, and mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene contribute to a subset of familial ALS cases. FUS is a multifunctional protein participating in many RNA metabolism pathways. ALS-linked mutations cause a liquid–liquid phase separation of FUS protein in vitro, inducing the formation of cytoplasmic granules and inclusions. However, it remains elusive what other proteins are sequestered into the inclusions and how such a process leads to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. In this study, we developed …

Stroke Outcomes With Vorapaxar Versus Placebo In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights From The Tracer Trial, Leo Ungar, Robert M. Clare, Fatima Rodriguez, Bradley J Kolls, Paul W. Armstrong, Philip Aylward, Claes Held, David J. Moliterno, John Strony, Frans Van De Werf, Lars Wallentin, Harvey D. White, Pierluigi Tricoci, Robert A. Harrington, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Chiara Melloni

Gill Heart & Vascular Institute Faculty Publications

Background—Vorapaxar, a protease‐activated receptor‐1 antagonist, is approved for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events but is associated with increased intracranial hemorrhage.

Methods and Results—TRACER (Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reduction in Acute Coronary Syndrome) was a trial of vorapaxar versus placebo among patients with acute coronary syndrome. Strokes were adjudicated by a central events committee. Of 12 944 patients, 199 (1.5%) had ≥1 stroke during the study period (median follow‐up, 477 days). Four patients had a single stroke of unknown type; 195 patients had ≥1 stroke classified as hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic (165 nonhemorrhagic, 28 hemorrhagic, and 2 both). …

Tumor Cell-Released Autophagosomes (Traps) Promote Immunosuppression Through Induction Of M2-Like Macrophages With Increased Expression Of Pd-L1., Zhi-Fa Wen, Hongxiang Liu, Rong Gao, Meng Zhou, Jie Ma, Yue Zhang, Jinjin Zhao, Yongqiang Chen, Tianyu Zhang, Fang Huang, Ning Pan, Jinping Zhang, Bernard A Fox, Hong-Ming Hu, Li-Xin Wang

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitate tumor progression via establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). However, it is poorly understood how tumor cells could functionally modulate TAMs. Our previous work indicated that tumor cell-released autophagosomes (TRAPs), a type of LC3-II

METHODS: TRAPs isolated from multiple murine tumor cell lines and pleural effusions or ascites of cancer patients were incubated with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and monocytes, respectively. Cellular phenotypes were examined by flow cytometry, ELISA and quantitative PCR. TRAPs treated BMDMs were tested for the ability to suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro, and for promotion of tumor growth in vivo. …

Interference And Control Of The Nosocomial Transmission Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Sen Pei, Flaviano Morone, Fredrik Liljeros, Hernan Makse, Jeffrey L. Shaman

Publications and Research

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a continued threat to human health in both community and healthcare settings. In hospitals, control efforts would benefit from accurate estimation of asymptomatic colonization and infection importation rates from the community. However, developing such estimates remains challenging due to limited observation of colonization and complicated transmission dynamics within hospitals and the community. Here, we develop an inference framework that can estimate these key quantities by combining statistical filtering techniques, an agent-based model, and real-world patient-to-patient contact networks, and use this framework to infer nosocomial transmission and infection importation over an outbreak spanning 6 years in …

Nurse Practitioner Knowledge, Attitudes, And Beliefs When Caring For Transgender People, Catherine Paradiso, Robin M. Lally

Publications and Research

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore Nurse Practitioner (NP) knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs when working with transgender people and to inform about Practitioner education needs.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used to explore (NP) experiences. Focused semistructured interviews were conducted in 2016 with 11 (N = 11) NPs in the northeastern United States who represent various years of experience and encounters with transgender patients. The interviews explored NP knowledge attitudes and beliefs when caring for transgender patients and described their overall experiences in rendering care in the clinical setting. The interviews were professionally transcribed and analyzed …

Trevo 2000: Results Of A Large Real-World Registry For Stent Retriever For Acute Ischemic Stroke., Mandy J Binning, Bruno Bartolini, Blaise Baxter, Ronald Budzik, Joey English, Rishi Gupta, Hirad Hedayat, Antonin Krajina, David Liebeskind, Raul G Nogueira, Ryan Shields, Erol Veznedaroglu

OhioHealth Research Institute Articles

Background Recent randomized controlled trials show benefit of thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion in stroke. Real-world data aid in assessing reproducibility of outcomes outside of clinical trials. The Trevo Retriever Registry is a multicenter, international, prospective study designed to assess outcomes in a large cohort of patients. Methods and Results The Trevo Registry is a prospective database of patients with large vessel occlusion treated with the Trevo device as the first device. The primary end point is revascularization based on modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score and secondary end points include 90-day modified Rankin Scale, 90-day mortality, neurological deterioration at …

Evidence For Minimal Cardiogenic Potential Of Stem Cell Antigen 1-Positive Cells In The Adult Mouse Heart., Lauren E Neidig, Florian Weinberger, Nathan J Palpant, John Mignone, Amy M Martinson, Daniel W Sorensen, Ingrid Bender, Natsumi Nemoto, Hans Reinecke, Lil Pabon, Jeffery D Molkentin, Charles E Murry, Jop H Van Berlo

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

Syndemics Of Severity And Frequency Of Elder Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Study In Mexican Older Females, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Pablo Gaitán-Rossi

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Elder abuse is a common phenomenon with important effects on the health and well-being of older adults. There are important gaps in elder abuse measurement, as it is usually reported as the absence or presence of elder abuse, disregarding its severity and frequency.

Objectives: Identify different ways of measuring severity and frequency of elder abuse and assess whether different experiences of severity and frequency suggest syndemic relationships.

Methods: Through a sample of 534 non-institutionalized Mexican older women, we assessed how severity (i.e., number of abusive experiences and number of types of abuses) and frequency (i.e., if abusive experiences had …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Georgia Southern Reports on A Serious Flaw in Nutrition Epidemiology: A Meta-Analysis Study

• Georgia Southern Reports on Role of Local Boards of Health in community Partner Engagement for Local Health Departments

Reducing Polypharmacy, Gladys A. Ndege

Nursing Capstones

No abstract provided.

Meditation On The Soles Of The Feet Practice Provides Some Control Of Aggression For Individuals With Alzheimer’S Disease, Nirbhay N. Singh, Giulio E. Lancioni, Oleg N. Medvedev, Rachel E. Myers

Faculty Articles

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that affects cognition, mental and physical health, and functionality of older people. As the disease progresses from the mild to moderate stage, there is a concomitant increase in several behavioral variables, chiefly agitation, anger, and aggression. Currently, there are no evidence-based treatments for these behaviors in this population. Three individuals with moderate Alzheimer’s disease were taught an informal mindfulness practice, meditation on the Soles of the Feet (SoF), as a self-management strategy within a multiple-baseline design across participants. All three were able to learn and use the SoF practice to manage their verbal …

Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human Tnf-Α Experience Early Onset Spontaneous Intervertebral Disc Herniation In The Absence Of Overt Degeneration., Deborah J. Gorth, Irving M. Shapiro, Makarand V. Risbud

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

There is a well-established link between cytokine expression and the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration. Among these cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are the most commonly studied. To investigate whether systemic hTNF-α overexpression affects intervertebral disc health, we studied the spine phenotype of Tg197 mice, a widely used hTNF-α transgenic line. These mice were studied at 12-16 weeks of age using comprehensive histochemical and immunohistological analysis of the spinal motion segment. Micro-CT analysis was performed to quantify vertebral trabecular bone architecture. The Tg197 mice evidenced spontaneous annular tears and herniation with increased vascularity in subchondral bone and …

Trypanosoma Brucei Prmt1 Is A Nucleic Acid Binding Protein With A Role In Energy Metabolism And The Starvation Stress Response., Lucie Kafková, Chengjian Tu, Kyle L. Pazzo, Kyle P. Smith, Erik W. Debler, Kimberly S. Paul, Jun Qu, Laurie K. Read

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

In Trypanosoma brucei and related kinetoplastid parasites, transcription of protein coding genes is largely unregulated. Rather, mRNA binding proteins, which impact processes such as transcript stability and translation efficiency, are the predominant regulators of gene expression. Arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification that preferentially targets RNA binding proteins and is, therefore, likely to have a substantial impact on T. brucei biology. The data presented here demonstrate that cells depleted of T. brucei PRMT1 (TbPRMT1), a major type I protein arginine methyltransferase, exhibit decreased virulence in an animal model. To understand the basis of this phenotype, quantitative global proteomics was employed …

Proteomic Profile Of Carbonylated Proteins Screen Regulation Of Apoptosis Via Camk Signaling In Response To Regular Aerobic Exercise, Wenfeng Liu, Li Li, Heyu Kuang, Yan Xia, Zhiyuan Wang, Shaopeng Liu, Dazhong Yin

Health Sciences & Kinesiology: Faculty Publications

To research carbonylated proteins and screen molecular targets in the rat striatum on regular aerobic exercise, male SpragueDawley rats (13 months old, n = 24) were randomly divided into middle-aged sedentary control (M-SED) and aerobic exercise (M-EX) groups (n = 12 each). Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) gradually increased from 50%–55% to 65%–70% for a total of 10 weeks. A total of 36 carbonylated proteins with modifed oxidative sites were identifed by Electrospray IonizationQuadrupole-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometer (ESI-Q-TOF-MS), including 17 carbonylated proteins unique to the M-SED group, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta (CaMKII�), and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (Hnrnpa2b1), …

Human Breast Cancer Xenograft Model Implicates Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Signaling As Driver Of Cancer-Induced Muscle Fatigue, Hannah E. Wilson, Kacey K. Rhodes, Daniel Rodriguez, Ikttesh Chahal, David A. Stanton, Joseph Bohlen, Mary Davis, Aniello M. Infante, Hannah Hazard-Jenkins, David J. Klinke, Elena N. Pugacheva, Emidio E. Pistilli

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Purpose: This study tested the hypothesis that a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model would recapitulate the common clinical phenomenon of breast cancer–induced skeletal muscle (SkM) fatigue in the absence of muscle wasting. This study additionally sought to identify drivers of this condition to facilitate the development of therapeutic agents for patients with breast cancer experiencing muscle fatigue. Experimental Design: Eight female BC-PDOX–bearing mice were produced via transplantation of tumor tissue from 8 female patients with breast cancer. Individual hind limb muscles from BC-PDOX mice were isolated at euthanasia for RNA-sequencing, gene and protein analyses, and an ex vivo muscle contraction …

What's Happening: December 17, 2018, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Interest Groups In Shaping U.S. Governmental Responses To Military Sexual Trauma, Patricia Ann Harnois-Church

Nursing ETDs

Military sexual trauma (MST) is a significant problem in U.S. military service branches, service academies, and National Guard units, with both immediate and longer term traumatic effects on survivors who are disproportionately female. MST includes sexual harassment or assault during military service and the ensuing consequences for physical health and psychosocial well-being of service members and veterans. The Department of Defense is committed to reducing the incidence of sexual assault and harassment among service members, encouraging victims to report, and mitigating the impact of MST. However, the estimated prevalence of sexual assault among active duty service members remains unacceptably high, …

Occupation-Based Interventions In Treating Shoulder Pathology In An Outpatient Clinic, Autumn Whitfield

MOT Student Capstones

The following capstone project contains a retrospective case study and a literature review designed to make the reader more aware of occupation-based interventions and investigate the use of occupation-based interventions to treat shoulder pathology in a outpatient clinic. This capstone project includes a chart review to study the possible effects of improving active range of motion and strength using occupation-based interventions verse therapeutic exercises, explain the origin and definition of occupation-based interventions, determine the barriers to using occupation-based interventions in an outpatient clinic, review outcomes by completing a chart review, and consider ways to implement occupatio'1-based interventions in an outpatient …

Impact Of Technology On Improving Hiv And Tuberculosis Health Outcomes Among African Countries, Sunny Ibeneme

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

This study used health analytics approach to evaluate the association between population health outcomes and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures at a country level. This study used aggregate data obtained from the World Bank database, and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) database for 53 African countries for the periods 2000 to 2016, and quantitatively explored the impact of ICT infrastructures’ diffusion on population health outcomes.

ICT data was obtained from the ITU database. Similarly, population health attributes were retrieved from the World Bank database. ICT infrastructure variables used in this study include: internet access, mobile phone use, and fixed …

Pasnet: Pathway-Associated Sparse Deepneural Network For Prognosis Prediction From High-Throughput Data, Jie Hao, Youngsoon Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Mingon Kang

Faculty Articles

Background: Predicting prognosis in patients from large-scale genomic data is a fundamentally challenging problem in genomic medicine. However, the prognosis still remains poor in many diseases. The poor prognosis maybe caused by high complexity of biological systems, where multiple biological components and their hierarchical relationships are involved. Moreover, it is challenging to develop robust computational solutions with high-dimension, low-sample size data. Results: In this study, we propose a Pathway-Associated Sparse Deep Neural Network (PASNet) that not only predicts patients’ prognoses but also describes complex biological processes regarding biological pathways for prognosis. PASNet models a multilayered, hierarchical biological system of genes …

Effect Of Strong Electrolyte Containing Gelling Aids On The Sol-Gel Transition Temperature Of Hypromellose 2910, Elnaz Sadeghi

Biomedical Engineering ETDs

Hypromellose, or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) - has been widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to its advantages, including that it is modifiable in terms of viscosity, and it has the ability to form thermally reversible hydrogels. The thermal gelation temperature (T_Gel) of a given HPMC solution strongly depends on its characteristic grade and the solution concentration. Applying certain additives can modify the T_Gel even further; depending on their nature and concentration. With the addition of said additives, a lower or higher T_Gel can be obtained. For example, the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl) reduces …

Treatment Challenges Of Delusional Disorders, Amanda Mikhaeil

Nursing Capstones

No abstract provided.

Positive Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index And The Risk Of Osteoporosis: Results From The Koges_Health Examinee (Hexa) Cohort Study, Hye Sun Kim, Cheongmin Sohn, Minji Kwon, Woori Na, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Mi Kyung Kim

Faculty Publications

Previous studies have found that diet’s inflammatory potential is related to various diseases. However, little is known about its relationship with osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and osteoporosis risk in a large-scale prospective cohort study in Korea. This prospective cohort study included 159,846 participants (men 57,740; women 102,106) from South Korea with a mean follow-up of 7.9 years. The DII was calculated through a validated semi-quantitative FFQ (SQFFQ), and information on osteoporosis was self-reported by the participants. Analyses were performed by using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. …

Precision Of Provider Licensure Data For Mapping Member Accessibility To Medicaid Managed Care Provider Networks, Nathaniel Bell, Ana Lòpez-Defede, Rebecca Wilkerson, Kathy Mayfield-Smith

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

In July 2018, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) updated its Medicaid Managed Care (MMC) regulations that govern network and access standards for enrollees. There have been few published studies of whether there is accurate geographic information on primary care providers to monitor network adequacy.

METHODS:

We analyzed a sample of nurse practitioner (NP) and physician address data registered in the state labor, licensing, and regulation (LLR) boards and the National Provider Index (NPI) using employment location data contained in the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) data file. Our main outcome measures were address discordance (%) at the …

A Us Hospital Budget Impact Analysis Of A Skin Closure System Compared With Standard Of Care In Hip And Knee Arthroplasty., Kay Sadik, Jana Flener, Jeanine Gargiulo, Zachary D. Post, Steven Wurzelbacher, Andrew Hogan, Sarah Hollmann, Nicole Ferko

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Background: Medicare's mandatory bundle for hip and knee arthroplasty necessitates provider accountability for quality and cost of care to 90 days, and wound closure may be a key area of consideration. The DERMABOND

Methods: A 90-day economic model was developed assuming 500 annual hip/knee arthroplasties for a typical US hospital setting. In current practice, wound closure methods for the final skin layer were set to 50% sutures and 50% staples. In future practice, this distribution shifted to 20% sutures, 20% staples, and 60% Skin Closure System. Health care resources included materials (eg, staplers, steri-strips, and traditional/barbed sutures), standard or premium …

The Effects Of Inhibiting Pi3k On Tumor Suppressor Gene P53 And Cell Proliferation, Kelsi Peters

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

When the cell surface molecule, Human EGF Receptor (HER2), is overexpressed, the cell can become cancerous. MDA-MB-453 is an established breast cancer cell line made cancerous by HER2 overexpression. This mutation that causes HER2 overexpression affects the cell signaling pathway of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI₃K), Akt, MDM2, and p53. We predicted that PI₃K would be inhibited with the compound, LY294002, sending signals for Akt and MDM2 to be deactivated in MDA-MB-453 cells. Deactivated MDM2 signals for p53 to be activated. P53 is a tumor suppressor protein that exists in low quantities in normal cells, but when damage …

Brain Candy: Wayne State University School Of Medicine Journal Of Arts And Culture, Special Edition: The Renaissance, Wayne State University School Of Medicine Gold Humanism Honor Society

Gold Humanism Honor Society

Brain Candy collects poetry, nonfiction essays, short fiction, photographs, and drawings to shed light on the creative process in medicine, the city of Detroit, and the experiences of health care providers. Each issue features submissions from medical students, physicians, and School of Medicine staff.

This year marks a special edition to celebrate Wayne State University’s existence for 150 years. With generous funding support from an alumnus, Dr. Thomas Janisse, Class of 1975, the journal was started in print in 2016.

Fly Control To Prevent Diarrhoea In Children, Jai K. Das, Yousaf Bashir Hadi, Rehana Salam, Mehar Hoda, Zohra S. Lassi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background:
Diarrhoeal disease accounts for millions of child deaths every year. Although the role of flies as vectors of infectious diarrhoea has been established, fly control is not often mentioned as an approach to decrease childhood diarrhoea. Theoretically, fly control for decreasing diarrhoea incidence can be achieved by intervening at four different levels: reduction or elimination of fly breeding sites; reduction of sources that attract houseflies; prevention of contact between flies and disease-causing organisms; and protection of people, food, and food utensils from contact with flies.
Objectives:
To assess the impact of various housefly control measures on the incidence of …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - December 16, 2018, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the December 16, 2018 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Dr. Marks to Discuss Treatment Options for Ankle Arthritis at January Med School Café
• USA Pediatrics Honors Retiring Nurse Vista Woodruff
• USA Microbiology and Immunology Honor Retiring Faculty
• USA Welcomes Dr. Paul Henning to Emergency Medicine
• Three Employees Retire from USA Health
• Lifesouth Blood Drive Dec. 21
• Med School Café - Expert Advice for the Community
• USA College of Medicine Welcomes New Emergency Medicine Faculty

Unlocking The Mysteries Of Weed And Mexico, Eddy Martinez

Capstones

An American biotech firm named Phylos Bioscience is interested in entering the Mexican marijuana market once it legalizes. Before it can do that, it must deal with the Mexican government and a conservative society.

https://eddymartinezcunyedu.atavist.com/figuring-out-the-mysteries-of-weed-and-mexico