Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Emerging Diabetes Pandemic In India: A Case Study For An Integrative Approach, Chhaya Sanjeev Chaudhry

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Every day, India sees the addition of 5,000 new cases of diabetes to its current diabetic population of 65 million people. This number is projected to cross the 100 million mark in 15 years. The emerging pandemic scale of diabetes growth is straining India's already-overburdened public healthcare resources. India is home to several well-established native and adapted foreign traditions of medicine that are widely practiced. These traditions include Ayurveda, yoga and naturopathy, unani, siddha, and homeopathy. The modern and traditional medicine approaches are extensively used as independent systems. The purpose of this qualitative research case study was to evaluate the …

Food Safety Knowledge And Self-Reported Practices Of Food Handlers In Jamaica, Marcia Annmarie Thelwell-Reid

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Food-borne illnesses are responsible for disease globally. One of the most important strategies for combating food-borne diseases is the training of food handlers. Using social cognition theory as a framework, the purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the mandatory training program for food handlers in a rural parish in Jamaica. A cross-sectional survey, using self-administered questionnaires, was used to assess and compare food safety knowledge and self-reported practices of food handlers trained in 2 government training programs, while using untrained food handlers as controls. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as t test, chi-square test, and ANOVA …

Experiences And Perceptions Of Pregnant Unmarried Adolescents In Nigeria, Priscilla Ndidi Asonye

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sexual activity among unmarried adolescents is a major public health problem in Nigeria, because unmarried pregnant girls are more likely to have multiple sex partners and are less likely to use contraceptives, putting them at greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), unplanned pregnancy, abortion, social isolation, and poverty. Teen pregnancy and STD rates are on the rise in Nigeria, yet few data exist on the experience of the adolescents themselves. This phenomenological study was designed to explore the in-depth experiences of 10 pregnant, unmarried adolescent girls aged 16-19, including the factors contributing to their sexual activity. An ecological model …

Late Presentation Of Posterior Urethral Valves, Imran Khan Jalbani, Syed Raziuddin Biyabani

Department of Surgery Docs

ABSTRACT Presence of posterior urethral valves (PUV) is the most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in the male neonate. Late presentation occurs in 10% of cases. We present a case of PUVs in an adult male who presented with history of obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and hematuria. On evaluation, he was found to have raised serum creatinine level. A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) could not be completely performed because of narrowing in the posterior urethra. A rigid urethrocystoscopy was performed at which he was found to have type-I posterior urethral valve which were fulgurated. A repeat uroflowmetry revealed maximum …

In Children And Elderly Patients, What Are The Effects Of General Anesthesia On Neurological Health Compared With Procedural Sedation?, Taylor G. Caldwell

Theses and Dissertations

Anesthesia has been a necessity in the field of health care since it was discovered in the early to middle 1800s. Before anesthesia, many procedures and surgeries that are now considered an easy fix were life-threatening and patients often chose the inevitable death over the pain of surgery. The idea was stumbled upon when "laughing gas," nitrous oxide, was inhaled and credited in "produc[ing] a state of intoxication during which people became highly amused and insensitive to pain" (Palo Alto, 2013, para. 2). Anesthesia has come an unbelievably long way since the first surgery under anesthesia was performed by Dr. …

Preventing And Treating Complications Of Sickle Cell Disease In Pediatric Patients, Keandra S. Ferguson

Theses and Dissertations

Preventing and Treating Complications of Sickle Cell Disease in Pediatric Patients Sickle cell anemia, also known as sickle cell disease, affects over 90,000 people in the United States alone with those of African descent being at greater risk (Dobson & Byrne, 2014). Worldwide, it affects over 30 million people (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, & Abboud, 2011). It is usually detected during first year of life. After that, it is a lifelong disease (Hollins et al., 2012). Patients with sickle cell disease in the United States are expected to live until they are approximately 48 years old (BMJ Group, 2011). It is …

Effects Of Whole Body Therapeutic Hypothermia On Gastrointestinal Morbidity And Feeding Tolerance In Infants With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy., Kimberly M. Thornton, Hongying Dai, Seth Septer, Joshua E. Petrikin

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Objective. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effects of whole body therapeutic hypothermia (WBTH) on gastrointestinal (GI) morbidity and feeding tolerance in infants with moderate-to-severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Study Design. Infants ≥ 35 weeks gestational age and ≥1800 grams birth weight with moderate-to-severe HIE treated from 2000 to 2012 were compared. 68 patients had documented strictly defined criteria for WBTH: 32 historical control patients did not receive WBTH (non-WBTH) and 36 cohort patients received WBTH. Result. More of the non-WBTH group infants never initiated enteral feeds (28% versus 6%; P = 0.02), never reached full enteral feeds (38% versus …

“I’M Just Like Everyone Else, I Just Happen To Be Hiv Positive”: Challenges Faced By Young Urban Black Women As They Strive To Achieve Normative Life Goals, M N. Mabachi, J K. Dariotis, J Anderson, S Finocchario-Kessler

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Younger, low-income, black women are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the U.S. Using thematic analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews with young women receiving HIV care in an urban east coast setting, this study provides insights on how living with HIV influences these women’s future aspirations including economic independence, intimate relationships, and family formation in the context of their socio-cultural and economic environment. One major emergent theme expressed by participants was the desire to be considered normal while seeking to meet the developmental benchmarks of emerging adulthood. Gaining economic independence through education and career opportunities was important, as was …

Evaluating Albumin Utilization In A Community-Based Hospital Post-Hetastarch Food And Drug Administration (Fda) Warning, Wilbert Fuerte, Frances Ordieres, Judy Tseng

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Beyond The Braden Scale: Effectiveness Of A Small Group Educational Program On Neuro-Nurses' Braden Risk Assessment Scores And Number Of Preventative Nursing Interventions, Lee Streater

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Implications Of Dose‐Rounding Intravenous Chemotherapy At A Community‐Based Hospital, Wilbert Fuerte, Omi Gopalani, Judy Tseng

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Achieving The Next Level In Patient Safety, Geri Schimmel, Yvonne Zawodny, Gina Vogt

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Invited Speech: Evidence Based Practice: Acuity Based Care And Research Practice Change, Carolyn Lindgren

All Publications

No abstract provided.

A Randomized Clinical Trial On The Effects Of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy, Joint Mobilizations And Exercise On Plantar Heel Pain In Patients With Plantar Fasciitis, Paolo Sanzo, Elizabeth Oakley

Faculty Publications

Plantar fasciitis (PF) is the most common cause of heel pain today impacting on the patient’s walking ability, work tolerance, and ability to participate in active sport. Two million people in the United States (US) are treated for PF yearly with heel pain accounting for 11 to 15% of visits to medical professionals. It is estimated that 10% of the US population will develop PF during their lifetime. Treatment for PF may include a variety of interventions ranging from conservative treatment to surgical interventions. One of the suggested treatments for PF is the use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ECSWT). ECSWT …

Impaired Fasting Glucose Level And Diabetes In Kaoma And Kasama Rural Districts Of Zambia: Prevalence And Correlates In 2008-2009 Population Based Surveys, Olesegun A. Babaniyi, Peter Songolo, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Adamson S. Muula, David Mulenga, Mazyanga L. Mazaba-Liwewe, Idah Ndumba, Freddie Masaninga, Seter Siziya

Faculty Publications

Background: Impaired fasting glucose level has been associated with increased incidence of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, and diabetes is becoming a major public health problem in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and correlates for impaired fasting glucose level/diabetes in Kaoma and Kasama rural districts of Zambia. Methods and Findings: A cross sectional study using modified World Health Organization (WHO) global non communicable diseases (NCD) surveillance initiative NCD STEPwise approach was used in the study. Proportions were compared using the Yates’ corrected Chi-square test, and a result yielding a p value of less than …

American And Brazilian Children With Primary Urolithiasis: Similarities And Disparities., Maria Goretti Moreira Guimarães Penido, Marcelo De Sousa Tavares, Milena Maria Moreira Guimarães, Tarak Srivastava, Uri S. Alon

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Objectives. Considering the differences in location, socioeconomic background, and cultural background, the aim of this study was to try to identify possible factors associated with the increased incidence of urolithiasis by comparing American and Brazilian children with stones.
Methods. Data of 222 American and 190 Brazilian children with urolithiasis were reviewed including age, gender, body mass index, imaging technique used (ultrasound and computed tomography), and 24-hour urine volume and chemistries.
Results. There were no differences between age and gender at diagnosis. Brazilian children were leaner but in no population did obesity rate exceed that of the general population. Ultrasound was …

The Health Benefits Of Dietary Fiber Consumption Of Adults In The United States, Nathan Stewart

Graduate Research Papers

Dietary fiber intake has been positively linked to the prevention of four of the ten leading causes of death among adults in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) listed the leading causes of death in 2010 as 1) heart disease, 2) cancer, 3) chronic lower respiratory disease, 4) stroke, 5) accidents, 6) Alzheimer’s disease, 7) diabetes, 8) nephritis (kidney disease), 9) influenza/pneumonia, and 10) suicides (Murphy, Xu, & Kochanek, 2013). Heart disease was responsible for a proportional mortality ratio (PMR) of 27% of deaths. Stroke was fourth on the list with 6% of deaths (CDC, …

Neurobiological Mechanisms That Contribute To Stress-Related Cocaine Use, John R. Mantsch, Oliver Vranjkovic, Robert C. Twining, Paul J. Gasser, Jayme R. Mcreynolds, Jordan M. Blacktop

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The ability of stressful life events to trigger drug use is particularly problematic for the management of cocaine addiction due to the unpredictable and often uncontrollable nature of stress. For this reason, understanding the neurobiological processes that contribute to stress-related drug use is important for the development of new and more effective treatment strategies aimed at minimizing the role of stress in the addiction cycle. In this review we discuss the neurocircuitry that has been implicated in stress-induced drug use with an emphasis on corticotropin releasing factor actions in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and an important pathway from the …

In Adult Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema Are Intravetrial Bevacizumab Injections More Effective Than Laser Therapy At Improving Best-Corrected Visual Acuity?, Heather Bladek

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not in adult patients with diabetic macular edema intravetrial bevacizumab injections are more effective than laser therapy at improving best-corrected visual acuity.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language non-blinded randomized control trials from 2010 and 2012.

DATA SOURCES: Non-blinded randomized control trials comparing intravetrial bevacizumab injections to macular laser therapy found using Pubmed and EBSCOhost web databases. All articles were published in peer-reviewed journals.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The primary outcome of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured using the Early Treatment of Diabetic …

Do N3 Fatty Acid Supplements Effect Depressive Symptoms Post Cardiovascular Event In Men And Women Ages 40 And Older?, Lindsey G. Caton

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not n-3 fatty acids have an effect on depressive symptoms post cardiovascular event in men and women ages 40 and older.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three English language random controlled trials published between 2011-2012.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized controlled trials published after 2011 comparing the effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on depressive symptoms post cardiovascular event and one randomized controlled trial comparing n-3 fatty acid supplementation effects on depressive symptoms in elderly patients with diagnosed depression. The studies were obtained using the …

Is Magnetic Stimulation Effective In Treating Urinary Incontinence?, Sydney Brandtomies

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Magnetic stimulation is an effective treatment for women with urinary incontinence.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three published, randomized controlled trials (two double-blind and one single blinded), all English language.

DATA SOURCES: The three randomized controlled trials that were used for this review were found using PubMed and EBSCOhost. Articles were selected based on relevance and that the outcomes of the studies mattered to patients.

OUTCOME(S) MEASURED: Improvement of urinary incontinence measured by pad-tests and questionnaires.

RESULTS: The results of the But …

Is Massage Therapy An Effective Treatment For Improving Sleep Quality In Women Age 50-80 Diagnosed With Cancer?, Alexander M. Chase

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not massage therapy is an effective treatment in improving sleep quality among women age 50-80 diagnosed with cancer.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of two English language randomized control trials published in 2004 and 2011 and one English language quasiexperimental pretest-posttest comparison study publishEd in 2002.

DATA SOURCES: Data sources were articles published in peer reviewed journals found using PubMed and EBSCOhost.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Sleep quality was measured using the Verran and Snyder-Halpem Sleep Scale and the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire.

RESULTS: Soden et al …

Is 30 Ml Cerebrolysin A Safe And Effective Drug For Improving Global And Cognitive Function In Patients With Alzheimer's Disease Aged 50 Years And Older With No Significant Comorbidities?, Anthony Champion

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not the use of 30 mL Cerebrolysin is a safe and effective drug for improving global and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease aged 50 years and older with no significant comorbidities.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three randomized controlled trials published between 2001-2006, all English language.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of cerebrolysin to placebo in the treatment of individuals ages 50 and over with AD related cognitive and global functioning decline. All articles found using PubMed.

OUTCOMES MEASURED …

Is Topical Clonazepam More Effective Than Oral Clonazepam In Treatment Of Burning Mouth Syndrome (Bms)?, Sherley Casseus

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Abstract not available.

Is Bevacizumab (Avastin) Safe And Effective As Adjuvant Chemotherapy For Adult Patients With Stage Iiib Or Iv Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (Nsclc)?, Ashley R. De Kleine

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not bevacizumab (avastin) is safe and effective as adjuvant chemotherapy for adult patients with stage IIIb or IV non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in 2006, 2009, and 2011, all English language.

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials comparing bevacizumab to placebo as adjunctive chemotherapy, and one RCT comparing bevacizumab as adjunctive chemotherapy versus the use of no adjunctive chemotherapy. All articles were found using PubMed, Medline, and OVID.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Overall …

Is Arginine Oral Supplement Effective On Wound Healing In Adult Patients With Stage Ii, Iii And Iv Pressure Ulcers?, Camilla Chou

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not the addition of arginine protein supplementation is effective in wound healing of adult patients with stage II, III and IV pressure ulcers.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three English language primary studies. One observation controlled study and two randomized controlled studies all published between 2010- 2012.

DATA SOURCES: Two double blind randomized controlled trials and one observational controlled trial comparing the efficacy of arginine supplementation in wound healing of adult patients with stage II, III and IV pressure ulcers. All research articles were …

Does Prophylacitc Medication Reduce Intrauterin Device (Iud) Insertion Pain In Women Of Childbearing Age?, Mariel M. Deshaies

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not prophylactic medication reduces intrauterine device (IUD) insertion pain in women of childbearing age.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of 3 English language trials: a randomized controlled trial, double-blinded randomized control trial, and a double-blinded randomized placebo controlled trial.

DATA SOURCES: A randomized controlled trial, double-blinded randomized control trial, and a double-blinded randomized placebo controlled trial comparing the prophylactic medications: lidocaine and mistoprostol or placebo group. All articles were found using Medline, PubMed, and OVID.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Reduction of pain with IUD insertion was compared …

Is Animal Assisted Therapy Using Dogs An Effective Treatment For Positive And Negative Symptoms For Adult Inpatient Schizophrenics?, Brian Davidson

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) using dogs is an effective treatment for positive and negative symptoms for adult inpatient schizophrenics.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of 3 articles published in English in peer reviewed journals between 2005-2009

DATA SOURCES: Two randomized controlled trials and one allocation by minimization controlled trial comparing the effects of AAT using dogs on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia to control groups. All articles were found using PubMed and PROQuest

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Focused questionnaires were given before and after …

Is Famciclovir Superior To Valacyclovir As A Treatment For Recurrent Gential Herpes In Reducing Outbreak Duration And Frequency?, Snow Feng

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine “Is famciclovir superior to valacyclovir as a treatment for recurrent genital herpes in reducing outbreak duration and frequency?”

STUDY DESIGN: This review is based on three double-blind, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2006, 2008, and 2009. The studies compared the efficacy and safety of famciclovir (FCV) vs. valacyclovir (VCV) in the treatment of genital herpes.

DATA SOURCES: All articles used were published in English, in peer-reviewed journals, and found using PubMed.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The effectiveness of famciclovir and valacyclovir was evaluated based on the …

Is Ramelteon Effective In Improving Sleep Quality In Adult Patients With Mild To Moderate Obstructive Breathing Disorders?, Alison L. Fife

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not ramelteon is effective in improving sleep quality in adult patients with mild to moderate obstructive breathing disorders.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English studies published from 2007 to 2010; two randomized controlled studies and one randomized crossover study.

DATA SOURCES: The double blind randomized placebo controlled crossover trial, randomized double blind placebo controlled two way crossover study and double blind placebo controlled randomized controlled trial were found using PubMed.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Each of the studies measured the sleep quality in patients with …