Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Assessing Sports Nutrition Knowledge Of Adolescent Atheltes And Their Parents: An Intervention Approach, Meredith F. Hawk

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a sports nutrition intervention on nutrition knowledge and dietary choices among adolescent female soccer players and their parents. Participants from this study were year-round, travelling soccer team members recruited from the Augusta Arsenal Soccer Club in addition to one parent of the minor (n=38). Adolescent athlete participants in the study completed a demographic survey including information on their age, school grade, position typically played, years in sport, whether or not they participated in any other sports, and if they had ever taken a nutrition class. In addition, a parent …

Obesity, Food Insecurity And The Impact On Perceptions And Behaviors Toward Dietary Nutrition In Low Income Women In Georgia, Amanda Lowe

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore the paradoxical relationship between obesity and food insecurity and the subsequent impact of this relationship on perceptions and behaviors towards diet and nutrition among low-income women in Georgia. Specifically, this study sought to investigate whether factors such as poverty, education, socio-economic status, and participation in food assistance programs influence obesity outcomes among low-income women in Georgia. A sequential exploratory mixed-method research design was conducted for this study. Using qualitative and quantitative measures, the study employed key informant interviews with 16 administrators and staff members from the Women, Infant and Children (WIC) program …

The Long-Term Effects Of An Aac Communication Partner Training Program, Brooke Capp

Masters Theses

The current investigation was a follow-up study to a research project conducted in summer 2012 by Fanale. The Fanale (2012) study looked at the effectiveness of parent training on parents' perspectives of AAC, as well as parents' use of specific communication facilitating strategies. The follow-up maintenance study investigated long-term effects of training on parent perceptions' and use of communication facilitating strategies. Through this project parents received additional training and different levels of support over four months in order to enhance the parents' abilities to utilize AAC in other environments, activities, and communication partners, as well as gather information on parents' …

Neuromuscular Fatigue Following A Singles Badminton Match, Zengyuan Lin

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

A typical badminton singles match involves numerous intense and high impact movements. Lunges were accounted for approximately 15% of overall movements and were believed to presumably induce significant muscle damage following a match. However, no previous study has investigated changes in knee extensor muscle function after a badminton match.The present study investigated changes in knee extensor neuromuscular function and muscle soreness after a simulated 1-h badminton singles match in relation to the number of lunges performed in the match.

Ten state-level male badminton players were recruited (n=10), with each player played a total of eight simulated 1-h matches under the …

Pain Assessment And Possible Mechanism Of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Wing Yin Lau

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Muscle pain is felt during exercise or daily activities for several days after performing unaccustomed exercise, which is referred to as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Many people experience DOMS, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. One of the challenges in the investigation of DOMS is its subjective nature, which makes the assessment ambiguous, thus establishing a standardised protocol is necessary. The present thesis scrutinised muscle pain assessments (Study 1, Study 2), developed a new assessment of muscle pain focusing on muscle fascia (Study 3), and investigated why DOMS is reduced after the second than the first bout …

Learning From The Experts: Qualitative Study Of The Lived Experience Of Mental Illness, Zdenka Bartova

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Severe mental illness has a profound effect on the affected individuals yet it does not necessarily prevent them from leading a meaningful and fulfilling life, and therefore recovering. Recovery has received a great interest in clinical and consumer research yet little is known about how those individuals who do not primarily identify with recovery respond to the concept and come to accept it as something that is personally meaningful. Using a qualitative approach following the principles of Gadamer’s (1975) hermeneutics, the present study explored people’s subjective experience of mental illness with the aim of identifying factors related to their views …

A Mixed Methods Obesity Prevention Intervention For Australian Children Aged 6-12 Years: Influence Of Parents Misperceptions About Food And Exercise On The Efficacy Of Educational Obesity Simulations, Claire Ellen Roockley

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Increasing numbers of Australian children are being classified as overweight or obese. Given the health complications associated with excess weight, interventions to prevent children becoming overweight are crucial. Despite literature showing that parents shape their children’s food and exercise habits, no child obesity prevention programs have directly targeted parents. Moreover, although fear appeals have been used across several health promotion areas to change attitudes and behaviours, they have not been incorporated into an obesity preventive program. This study addressed these gaps by testing whether fear-based obesity simulations, targeted at parents as a tool for preventing childhood obesity, was more effective …

Can Prophylactic Antibiotics For Aspiration Improve Stroke Outcomes? The Pantheris Trial., Ayeesha Kamran Kamal, Quratulain Shaikh

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Self-Medication With Antibiotics Among Non-Medical University Students Of Karachi: A Cross-Sectional Study, Syed Jawad Shah, Hamna Ahmad, Rija Binte Rehan, Sidra Najeeb, Mirrah Mumtaz, Muhammad Hashim Jilani, Muhammad Sharoz Rabbani, Muhammad Zakariya Alam, Saba Farooq, M Masood Kadir

Community Health Sciences

Background: The prevalence of self -medication with antibiotics is quite high in developing countries as opposed to developed countries. Antibiotics are often taken erroneously for certain ailments, without having the appropriate knowledge of their use. This carries potential risks for the individual as well as the community, in form of several side effects such as antibiotic resistance. Therefore the prevalence of self-medicated antibiotics in developing countries needs to be studied.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at six different non-medical universities of Karachi. 431 students were included in the study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using …

الصحة النفسية، والقلق والاكتئاب لدى مجهولي النسب في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة, موزة علي خلفان النعيمي

Theses

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على مستويات القلق، والاكتئاب والصحة النفسية لدى مجهولي النسب في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، وعلاقتها ببعض المتغيرات الديموغرافية والمتمثلة بالجنس (النوع الاجتماعي).

تكونت عينة الدراسة من (73) فرد من مجهولي النسب والمقيمين في دار زايد للرعاية الأسرية في إمارة أبو ظبي (أبو ظبي والعين). وتم تطبيق قائمة بيك للاكتئاب، واختبار سمة القلق لسبيلبيرغر، ومقياس الصحة النفسية العامة، تم استخراج المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية والتكرارات واختبار ( ) للإجابة عن أسئلة الدراسة.

توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود مستويات من القلق والاكتئاب لدى أفراد العينة حيث بلغت نسبة الأفراد الذين يعانون من الاكتئاب (المتوسط إلى الشديد) (28.7%) والأفراد …

The Role Of Social Marketing In Salt Reduction, Michael Barry

Theses

More people die from cardiovascular disease than any other cause in Ireland (Department of Health, 2013). A direct correlation exists between high salt intake and high blood pressure and ensuing cardiovascular diseases (He and MacGregor, 2010). This thesis focuses on the use of social marketing to educate people on the dangers of high salt intake with the eventual aim of making recommendations to aid in the reduction of high blood pressure. In-depth interviews were conducted with twelve leading personnel from salt reduction and social marketing fields. All interviewees reached similar conclusions suggesting that salt reduction as a health issue needs …

Early Onset Dementia : Individual, Family And Professional Perspectives On Experiences And Support Strategies., Caroline Kilty

Theses

As of 2016 there will be as many as 5,000 people with EOD (early onset dementia) in Ireland (Haase, 2005). This group experiences depression, changes to relationships, in how they relate to friends and their community (Alzheimer’s Australia, 2007) as well as a gradual reduction in social contact with friends and relatives (Haase, 2005). Approximately half of EOD caregivers will have symptoms akin to anxiety and depression (Bentham & La Fontaine, 2005). However, younger people with EOD are marginalised in society (Keady & Nolan, 1994), and there has been little research into interventions and strategies from the perspective of those …

Understanding And Building Resilience With Art: A Socio-Ecological Approach, Meagan Shand

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Resilience is a widely researched phenomenon, it means different things to different people and is perceived and measured according to the theoretical lens being applied. The following thesis reviews the theoretical development of resilience that has led to contemporary understandings, to establish a platform for the research topic - understanding and building resilience with Art. Narrative research methods are combined with art processes to illuminate the stories of eight culturally diverse women participating in a community based mental health art program, in Western Australia. Fifteen resilience themes emerged from the collective experience, and are presented in a socio-ecological framework to …

An Investigation Into Dust, Gases And Vapours Expulsed During The Oxidation Of Pyritic Black Shale, And Their Potential For Impacting On Employee Health, Tristan Lynn

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Pyritic black shale (PBS) is occasionally extracted as a waste product of iron ore mining in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Mineralogical studies such as Brocks, Summons, Buick, and Logan (2003) of the PBS located at Mount Tom Price Operations have established that PBS can contain elevated concentrations of pyrite, carbon, bitumens, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The natural oxidative weathering of PBS can cause exothermic reactions leading to the shale reaching temperatures that cause the expulsion of toxic gases such as hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, methane and carbon monoxide.

Current management of the potential hazards of …

Attitudes Of Medical Students Towards Incentives Offered By Pharmaceutical Companies -- Perspective From A Developing Nation -- A Cross-Sectional Study, Usman Tariq Siddiqui, Amarah Shakoor, Sarah Kiani, Farwa Ali, Maryam Sharif, Arun Kumar, Qasim Raza, Naseer Khan, Sardar Mohammed Alamzaib, Syed Farid-Ul-Husnain

Medical College Documents

Background: A training physician has his first interaction with a pharmaceutical representative during medical school. Medical students are often provided with small gifts such as pens, calendars and books, as well as free lunches as part of drug promotion offers. Ethical impact of these transactions as perceived by young medical students has not been investigated in Pakistan before. This study aimed to assess the association of socio-demographic variables with the attitudes of medical students towards pharmaceutical companies and their incentives.Methods: As part of a cross-sectional survey, a validated questionnaire previously used for assessing attitude of medical students towards pharmaceutical industry, …

Osteoarthritis And Articular Cartilage: Biomechanics And Novel Treatment Paradigms, Ray Marks

Publications and Research

Background: Osteoarthritis is a widespread highly painful disabling age-related disease with no known cure. Although novel strategies for ameliorating osteoarthritic damage abound, it is likely that none will be successful over time if the entire spectrum of the disease and the effects of joint biomechanics on joint tissues are not carefully considered.

Objectives: 1) To detail the structure of healthy articular cartilage, the key tissue affected by osteoarthritis. 2) To detail what aspects of cartilage damage best characterize osteoarthritis. 3) To consider the role of biomechanical factors in developing solutions to treat osteoarthritic joint damage. Methods: Literature sources from 1980 …

Pure Sensory Symmetric Peripheral Polyneuropathy As An Early Presenting Sign Of Microscopic Polyangiitis, Matthew Sullivan Do, Craig A. Mackaness Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Effect Of An Herbal/Botanical Supplement On Recovery From Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial, Corey A. Rynders, Judy Y. Weltman, Sara D. Rynders, James Patrie, John Mcknight, Frank I. Katch, Jay Hertel, Arthur Weltman

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Background: We examined the effects of a proprietary herbal/botanical supplement (StemSport, Stemtech, San Clemente, CA.) suggested to increase circulating stem cells, decrease inflammation, and attenuate exercise induced muscle damage on recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

Methods: Sixteen subjects (male = 7, female = 9; age 23.8 ± 10 years; height 171.9 ± 10 cm, mass 72.2 ± 15 kg) were randomized in a crossover, double-blind, placebo controlled trial to receive a placebo or StemSport supplement (6150 mg/day) for 14 days. DOMS was induced on day 7 for both placebo and active conditions in the non-dominant elbow flexor group …

#Nbcfail: A Qualitative Review Of The Shared Experience As A Social Movement, Brendan O'Hallarn, Stephen Shapiro

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

The XXX Olympic Games in London, England was the most-watched event in U.S. television history, with more than 219 million viewers tuning in during the Games. However, the National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) elected to show a number of events to U.S. audiences in prime time via tape delay, rather than broadcasting them live. As a result NBC encountered a great deal of criticism about its coverage, particularly on the online microblogging site Twitter. This research surveyed a sample of Twitter users who participated in the Twitter protest via the #NBCFail hashtag, to understand how being part of a shared protest …

Effectiveness Of Diathermy In Comparison With Ultrasound Or Corticosteroids In Patients With Tendinopathy: A Critically Appraised Topic, Philip A. Szlosek, John Taggart, Julie M. Cavallario, Johanna M. Hoch

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Clinical Scenario: Many therapeutic modalities have been used to treat the pain and inflammation commonly associated with tendinopathies. One modality that has been used to treat patients with tendinopathies is diathermy. Focused Clinical Question: Is there evidence to suggest that diathermy is more or equally as effective at reducing pain in patients with tendinopathy when compared with ultrasound or corticosteroid treatments? Summary of Search, "Best Evidence" Appraised, and Key Findings: The literature was searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of diathermy treatments in comparison with ultrasound or corticosteroid treatments on pain in patients with tendinopathy. Three …

High-Intensity Tasks With External Load In Military Applications: A Review, Eric K. O'Neal, Jared H. Hornsby, Kyle J. Kelleran

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

This article provides a synopsis of the limited investigations examining the impact of external load (EL) on performance of high-intensity tasks under load (HITL), EL training intervention effects on HITL performance, and injuries from EL training. Repetitive lifting tasks and initiation of locomotion, such as rapidly moving from a prone position to sprinting appear to be more hindered by EL than maximal sprinting velocity and may explain why training with EL does not improve obstacle course or prolonged (200-300 yard shuttle) drills. EL training appears to offer very little if any benefit for HITL in lesser trained populations. This contrast …

Measuring The Effectiveness Of The Leave No Trace Peak Program, Jennifer Miller, Eddie Hill, Amy Shellman, Ron Ramsing, Ben Lawhon

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

The Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics developed the Promoting Environmental Awareness in Kids (PEAK) program to teach children the seven Leave No Trace principles. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the PEAK program. A significant increase was found between the pre-test (M = 3.41, SD = .34) and the post-test (M = 3.61, SD = .36) with the post-test scores being significantly higher, F(1, 140) = 11.15, p<.01. No significant difference was found between the pre-test (M = 3.48, SD = .35), post-test (M = 3.63, SD = .35), and 8-month post-test (M = 3.38, SD = .41). The 8-month post-test indicated a drop in scores, though not statistically significant, below the pre-test. Results supported the PEAK program’s effectiveness, in the short-term, in teaching children the Leave No Trace principles. However, longer-term retention was not supported.

I Need A Doctor: A Critique Of Medicare Financing Of Graduate Medical Education, Stacey A. Tovino

Faculty Articles

In its broadest sense, this Article examines the complex relationship between population booms, doctor shortages, and United States government financing of graduate medical education (GME). More specifically, this Article argues that current rules governing the calculation of Medicare payments to teaching hospitals for the costs of GME are based on cost, population, and other data that are no longer relevant. As applied, these formulas discriminate in favor of the nation's oldest teaching hospitals, located in New England and the Middle Atlantic, and against current and future teaching hospitals located in growing population centers, especially regions in the South and West. …

Implementation Of A Nurse-Initiated Topical Anesthesia Protocol, Jennifer Anderson

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Practice Innovation Projects

Although topical anesthetics are a safe, effective, and non-invasive alternative to infiltrated anesthesia for laceration repair, their availability to providers continues to limit their use. This practice innovation project developed a protocol for the nurse-initiated anesthesia for patients over one year of age presenting to a critical access hospital emergency department with lacerations. Pre and post implementation chart reviews were utilized to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of this protocol. This project has potential to impact patient pain levels, anxiety, restraint use, total treatment time, and patient satisfaction scores.

Implementing A Screening Pathway For Identifying Patients At Risk For Obstructive Sleep Apnea In Primary Care, Emily Fett

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Practice Innovation Projects

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is emerging as a significant health problem largely underrecognized by health care providers in the primary care setting (Pagel, 2008). The intent of this practice innovation project was to change and reduce the variation in practice for OSA screening that did not follow what is known about best practices. In this study, a preexperimental one-group pretest-posttest design was carried out to evaluate the outcomes associated with implementing an evidence-based screening pathway into practice for OSA based on the recommendations set forth in a clinical practice guideline recently published by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (Epstein …

Four-Month-Old Infant With Intussusception Presenting As Altered Mental Status, Luis Maldonado, Jennifer Takagishi

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Objective: To remind pediatric care providers that an altered mental status can be the only presenting symptom for intussusception, a life-threatening diagnosis.

Method: A case report that presents a unique presentation of intussusception: a 4-month old boy with neurological findings after a reported head injury.

Conclusion: Diagnosis of intussusception in the pediatric population is highly dependent on its classical presenting signs and symptoms: sudden severe colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and an abdominal mass in children between 3 months and 6 years of age. Consider that an altered mental status can be the only presenting symptom.

Maternal Opioid Drug Use During Pregnancy And Its Impact On Perinatal Morbidity, Mortality, And The Costs Of Medical Care In The United States, Valerie E. Whiteman, Jason L. Salemi, Mulubrhan F. Mogos, Mary Ashley Cain, Muktar H. Aliyu, Hamisu M. Salihu

Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty Publications

Objective. To identify factors associated with opioid use during pregnancy and to compare perinatal morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs between opioid users and nonusers. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of pregnancy-related discharges from 1998 to 2009 using the largest publicly available all-payer inpatient database in the United States. We scanned ICD-9-CM codes for opioid use and perinatal outcomes. Costs of care were estimated from hospital charges. Survey logistic regression was used to assess the association between maternal opioid use and each outcome; generalized linear modeling was used to compare hospitalization costs by opioid use status. Results. …

Role Of The "Tobacco Free Teens" Mobile Application In Adolescent Smoking, Juawanna L. Schuller

DNP Projects

Adolescent tobacco use rates have plateaued. Tobacco use education is not mandatory in all states, yet schools remain a good opportunity to reach this population. School nurses should be able to identify components of effective tobacco use prevention education programs and learn to overcome barriers to implementation of these programs. The "Tobacco Free Teens" mobile application is a novel tool that may decrease adolescent tobacco use rates. A pilot study found that the Tobacco Free Teens mobile application was satisfactory to most participants but appealed to girls more than boys. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of this …

The Difficult Intraoperative Nasogastric Tube Intubation: A Review Of The Literature And A Novel Approach, Yiu-Hei Ching, Stephanie M. Socias, David J. Ciesla, Rachel A. Karlnoski, Enrico M. Camporesi, Devanand Mangar

Surgery Faculty Publications

Nasogastric tube intubation of a patient under general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube in place can pose a challenge to the most experienced anesthesiologist. Physiologic and pathologic variations in a patient’s functional anatomy can present further difficulty. While numerous techniques to the difficult nasogastric tube intubation have been described, there is no consensus for a standard approach. Therefore, selecting the most appropriate approach requires a working knowledge of the techniques available, mindful consideration of individual patient and clinical factors, and the operator’s experience and preference. This article reviews the relevant literature regarding various approaches to the difficult nasogastric tube intubation …

Helmet Use Among Alaskan Children Involved In Off-Road Motorized Vehicle Crashes, Christopher W. Snyder, Oliver J. Muensterer, Frank Sacco, Shawn D. Safford

Surgery Faculty Publications

Background: Off-road motorized vehicle crashes are a common source of trauma among Alaska children. Injury morbidity is worse in Alaska Native children than non-Native children, but the reasons are unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the differences in helmet use between the Native and the non-Native children, and to assess the impact of helmet use on injury patterns and outcomes.

Design: This retrospective cohort study identified patients aged 17 or younger admitted after all-terrain vehicle, snowmobile or motorbike injury between 2001 and 2011 from the Alaska Trauma Registry. Helmeted and non-helmeted patients were compared with respect to demographics, central nervous system (CNS) …