Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Strategies To Reduce The Harmful Effects Of Extreme Heat Events: A Four-City Study, Jalonne L. White-Newsome, Sabrina Mccormick, Natalie R. Sampson, Miatta A. Buxton, Marie S. O'Neill, Carina J. Gronlund, Kathryn C. Conlon, Edith A. Parker

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Extreme heat events (EHEs) are becoming more intense, more frequent and longer lasting in the 21st century. These events can disproportionately impact the health of low-income, minority, and urban populations. To better understand heat-related intervention strategies used by four U.S. cities, we conducted 73 semi-structured interviews with government and non-governmental organization leaders representing public health, general social services, emergency management, meteorology, and the environmental planning sectors in Detroit, MI; New York City, NY; Philadelphia, PA and Phoenix, AZ—cities selected for their diverse demographics, climates, and climate adaptation strategies. We identified activities these leaders used to reduce the harmful effects of …

Health Capabilities And Diabetes Self-Management: The Impact Of Economic, Social, And Cultural Resources, Robert Weaver, Manon Lemonde, Naghmeh Payman, William M. Goodman

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

While the “social determinants of health” view compels us to explore how social structures shape health outcomes, it often ignores the role individual agency plays. In contrast, approaches that focus on individual choice and personal responsibility for health often overlook the influence of social structures. Amartya Sen's “capabilities” framework and its derivative the “health capabilities” (HC) approach attempts to accommodate both points of view, acknowledging that individuals function under social conditions over which they have little control, while also acting as agents in their own health and well-being. This paper explores how economic, social, and cultural resources shape the health …

Effects Of Peer Victimization On Psychological And Academic Adjustment In Early Adolescence, Sandra Rueger, Lyndsay Jenkins

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Processed Sugars And Coronary Heart Disease, Sonya Lovingood

Graduate Research Projects

No abstract provided.

Utility Of Serodiagnostics Designed For Use In The United States For Detection Of Lyme Borreliosis Acquired In Europe And Vice Versa, Gary P. Wormser, Aimee T. Tang, Natasha R. Schimmoeller, Susan Bittker, Denise Cooper, Paul Visintainer, Maria E. Aguero-Rosenfeld, Katarina Ogrinc, Franc Strle, Gerold Stanek

NYMC Faculty Publications

Although two-tier testing is standard practice in both the United States and Europe for the serologic diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (LB), the test kits generally differ. The purpose of this study was to determine if the testing used in the United States will detect LB acquired in Europe and vice versa. Testing was performed on a convenience sample of archived sera from 40 LB patients from Austria and 39 from the United States, using first- and second-tier test kits from both the United States and Europe. The sensitivity of four first-tier tests from Europe and two first-tier tests from the …

Implementation Of Do Not Attempt Resuscitate Orders In A Japanese Nursing Home, Nobuhiro Asai, Yoshihiro Ohkuni, Lonny Ashworth, Norihiro Kaneko

Respiratory Therapy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: To investigate whether do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) orders can be implemented in a standard nursing home in Japan, where routine DNAR orders are not yet common in many facilities including hospitals.

Method: Ninety-eight residents in a 100-bed nursing home were evaluated. All of the eligible residents and/or their family members were asked whether they wanted to receive resuscitation, including mechanical ventilation.

Result: The residents were 54 to 101 years of age (mean 83.3), with 27 males and 71 females. After administering the questionnaire, 92 (94%) patients did not want resuscitation and mechanical ventilation.

Conclusion: In a nursing home, …

Adaptation Of Semiautomated Circulating Tumor Cell (Ctc) Assays For Clinical And Preclinical Research Applications, Lori E. Lowes, Benjamin D. Hedley, Michael Keeney, Alison L. Allan

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

The majority of cancer-related deaths occur subsequent to the development of metastatic disease. This highly lethal disease stage is associated with the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These rare cells have been demonstrated to be of clinical significance in metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. The current gold standard in clinical CTC detection and enumeration is the FDA-cleared CellSearch system (CSS). This manuscript outlines the standard protocol utilized by this platform as well as two additional adapted protocols that describe the detailed process of user-defined marker optimization for protein characterization of patient CTCs and a comparable protocol for CTC …

Activation Of Mglur2/3 Receptors In The Ventral Prefrontal Cortex Reverses Sensorimotor Gating Deficits Induced By A Systemic Nmda Receptor Antagonist, Bridget Valsamis, Michael Chang, Marei Typlt, Susanne Schmid

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, which is disrupted in schizophrenia. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist induced PPI disruption has become an important pharmacological model for schizophrenia; however, knowledge of the underlying mechanism remains incomplete. This study examines the role of NMDAR in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in NMDARs antagonist induced PPI deficits, as well as the NMDA receptor subtypes involved. We administered the NMDA antagonist MK-801 locally into the caudal pontine reticular formation (PnC), where the PPI mediating pathway converges with the primary startle pathway, …

Medial Septal Cholinergic Neurons Modulate Isoflurane Anesthesia., Siew Kian Tai, Jingyi Ma, L Stan Leung

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

BACKGROUND: Cholinergic drugs are known to modulate the response of general anesthesia. However, the sensitivity of isoflurane or other volatile anesthetics after selective lesion of septal cholinergic neurons that project to the hippocampus is not known.

METHODS: Male Long Evans rats had 192 immunoglobulin G-saporin infused into the medial septum (n = 10), in order to selectively lesion cholinergic neurons, whereas control, sham-lesioned rats were infused with saline (n = 12). Two weeks after septal infusion, the hypnotic properties of isoflurane and ketamine were measured using a behavioral endpoint of loss of righting reflex (LORR). Septal lesion was assessed by …

Has The Use Of Computers In Radiation Therapy Improved The Accuracy In Radiation Dose Delivery?, Jacob Van Dyk, Jerry J. Battista Dr.

Oncology Publications

Purpose: It is well recognized that computer technology has had a major impact on the practice of radiation oncology. This paper addresses the question as to how these computer advances have specifically impacted the accuracy of radiation dose delivery to the patient. Methods: A review was undertaken of all the key steps in the radiation treatment process ranging from machine calibration to patient treatment verification and irradiation. Using a semi-quantitative scale, each stage in the process was analysed from the point of view of gains in treatment accuracy. Results: Our critical review indicated that computerization related to digital medical imaging …

Icf-Based Functional Components And Contextual Factors As Correlates Of Perceived Quality Of Life For Youth With Chronic Conditions, Janette Mcdougall, Virginia Wright, David Dewit, Linda Miller

Occupational Therapy Publications

Purpose: To explore International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based functional components and contextual factors associated with perceived quality of life (QOL) for youth with chronic conditions from the perspective of youth and parents.

Method: Baseline data were obtained from a longitudinal study examining predictors of changes in perceived QOL for youth with chronic conditions. 439 youth aged 11–17 (and one of their parents) completed a questionnaire. Standardized tools were used to measure youth functioning, contextual factors and perceived QOL. Multivariate linear regression analyses, controlling for socio-demographic and health information, were conducted to explore correlations among youth functioning/contextual factors …

Activation Of Mglur2/3 Receptors In The Ventro-Rostral Prefrontal Cortex Reverses Sensorimotor Gating Deficits Induced By Systemic Nmda Receptor Antagonists., Bridget Valsamis, Michael Chang, Marei Typlt, Susanne Schmid

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, which is disrupted in schizophrenia. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist induced PPI disruption has become an important pharmacological model for schizophrenia; however, knowledge of the underlying mechanism remains incomplete. This study examines the role of NMDAR in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in NMDARs antagonist induced PPI deficits, as well as the NMDA receptor subtypes involved. We administered the NMDA antagonist MK-801 locally into the caudal pontine reticular formation (PnC), where the PPI mediating pathway converges with the primary startle pathway, …

Yoga For The Pelvic Floor, Sandi Tenfelde, Rich Logan, Melinda Abernethy

Nursing: School of Nursing Faculty Publications and Other Works

A detailed, instructional guide to yoga that helps strengthen the pelvic floor.

Place Events Spring 2014 Highlights, Place

PLACE Historical Documents

This document summarizes highlights of PLACE events at Linfield College for spring 2014.

Tiotropium In Asthma: A Systematic Review, Elizabeth Befekadu, Claudia Onofrei, Gene L. Colice

Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: The objective of this paper is to systematically review the existing evidence of the effectiveness and safety profile of a long-acting inhaled muscarinic antagonist as add-on therapy in patients with asthma that is uncontrolled despite inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use.

Methods: With the assistance of two experienced research librarians, we searched Ovid MEDLINE/PubMed (1946 to September 12, 2013), the Cochrane Library review, and the TRIP database. The key search terms were “tiotropium and asthma.” The search was limited to human data published in English. Included in the systematic review were all randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of tiotropium …

Inconclusive Findings: Now You See Them, Now You Don't, Christopher J. Porter, Lynn R. Goldman, Bernard D. Goldman

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effect Of A Liver Cancer Education Program On Hepatitis B Screening Among Asian Americans In The Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, 2009-2010, Hee-Soon Juon, Sunmin Lee, Carol Strong, Rajiv N. Rimal, Gregory D. Kirk, Janice Bowie

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Introduction
Asian Americans have the highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the major form of primary liver cancer, of all ethnic groups in the United States. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common cause of HCC, and as many as 1 in 10 foreign-born Asian Americans are chronically infected with HBV. We tested the effectiveness of a culturally tailored liver cancer education program for increasing screening for HBV among Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans residing in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area, from November 2009 through June 2010.

Methods
We used a cluster randomized controlled trial to recruit volunteer …

Harassment: A Challenge At Workplace, Muhammad Younas, Salma Rattani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Health care professionals are deeply involved in caring for the human life and during this process, they come in a close contact with the care recipients. This, at times, positions the health care professionals in a vulnerable situation including workplace harassment which is an offensive verbal or physical act and comprises of an unwanted behavior or advancement or demand for sexual and other favors. This conduct creates an intimidating, unfriendly, and offensive work environment (Sigal, 2006). Consequently, it impacts on care providers' performance, quality care and their retention in the system. Hence, it is important that the health care personnel …

Preaching With Power, Ashleigh Jardine

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Trans Fatty Acids – A Risk Factor For Cardiovascular Disease, Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Trans fatty acids (TFA) are produced either by hydrogenation of unsaturated oils or by biohydrogenation in the stomach of ruminant animals. Vanaspati ghee and margarine have high contents of TFA. A number of studies have shown an association of TFA consumption and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This increased risk is because TFA increase the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization have come up with the recommendation that the contents of TFA in human dietary fat should be reduced to less than 4%. There is high …

Aac Intervention As An Immersion Model, Janet L. Dodd, Megan Gorey

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Articles and Research

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) based interventions support individuals with complex communication needs (CCN) in becoming effective and efficient communicators. However, there is often a disconnect between language models, communication opportunities, and desired intervention outcomes in the intervention process. This paper outlines a service delivery model that unites these elements of intervention. The social theory of language acquisition provides the foundation of this immersion model (Paul & Norbury, 2012; Pence & Justice, 2013) while adaptations of indirect language stimulation strategies create (Beukelman & Mirenda, 2013; Paul & Norbury, 2012) the support system necessary to develop an independent and functional communicator. …

Reducing Cancer Disparities Through Community Engagement In Policy Development: The Role Of Cancer Councils, Michael A. Preston, Glen P. Mays, Rise' D. Jones, Sharla A. Smith, Chara N. Stewart, Ronda Henry-Tillman

Health Management and Policy Faculty Publications

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S and a source of large racial and ethnic disparities in population health. Policy development is a powerful but sometimes overlooked public health tool for reducing cancer burden and disparities. Along with other partners in the public health system, community-based organizations such as local cancer councils can play valuable roles in developing policies that are responsive to community needs and in mobilizing resources to support policy adoption and implementation. This paper examines the current and potential roles played by local cancer councils to reduce cancer burden and disparities. Responsive public …

Rota Virus Diarrhea In Hospitalized Children, Muhammad Irfan Habib, Sayyeda Ghazala Kazi, Khalid Mehmood Ahmed Khan, Nukhba Zia

Department of Emergency Medicine

Objective: To determine the frequency and clinical features of Rota virus diarrhea in children presenting in a tertiary care hospital.

Study Design: A cross-sectional, observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, from January to June 2007.

Methodology: A total of three hundred children of either gender aged 1 month to 5 years, who presented with diarrhea of < 7 days as a primary illness were enrolled. Children with bloody diarrhea or nosocomial gastroenteritis acquired duringhospitalization for other disease were not included. Detection of Rota virus in stool was done by enzyme linked immunoassay.

Results: Out of 300 children, 188 (63%) tested positive and 112 (37%) tested negative for Rota virus. Positive Rota virus cases in 7 – 12 months of age was (n = 34, 18.08%). Overall, 151 (80.3%) children …

Trident - February 2014, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Trident

The newsletter of the Pacific Orthodontic Alumni Chapter at University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry.

Metrics Of The Gynecologic Oncology Literature Focused On Cited Utilization And Costs, Edward J. Pavlik, John Hoff, Dylan Woolum, Yuqing Liang, Christiaan Wijers, Melissa Schwartz, Jason Lefringhouse, Lauren Baldwin

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: The newest findings on literature utilization relevant to gynecologic oncology were published by Thomson Reuters during June 2013 as determinants of journal standing. Our objective was to assess the different metrics reported for relative impact and cost for journals relevant to gynecologic oncology.

METHODS: 55 journals were evaluated for Impact Factor (IF), 5Year IF, Immediacy Index, Cited Half Life, Eigenfactor (EF) Score, Article Influence (AI) scores and subscription costs obtained from publisher information.

RESULTS: CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians had the highest IF (101.78) & AI (24.502). The top EF cancer-specific journals were the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cancer …

A Review Of The Global Literature On Dental Therapists, David A. Nash, Jay W. Friedman, Kavita R. Mathu-Muju, Peter G. Robinson, Julie Satur, Susan Moffat, Rosemary Kardos, Edward C. M. Lo, Anthony H. H. Wong, Nasruddin Jaafar, Jos Van Den Heuvel, Prathip Phantumvanit, Eu Oy Chu, Rahul Naidu, Lesley Naidoo, Irving Mckenzie, Eshani Fernando

Oral Health Science Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: Access to adequate oral health care is deficient in many parts of the world. Many countries are now using dental therapists to increase access, particularly for children. To inform the discussion on dental therapists in the workforce, particularly in the United States, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation funded a review of the global literature to identify as many documents as possible related to the practice of dental therapists since the establishment of the School Dental Service in New Zealand in 1921.

METHODS: Consultants in each of the countries considered to have a substantive literature on dental therapists were …

Inflammation Enhances Il-2 Driven Differentiation Of Cytolytic Cd4 T Cells, Aspen M. Workman, Ashley K. Jacobs, Alexander J. Vogel, Shirley Condon, Deborah M. Brown

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Cytolytic CD4 T cells (CD4 CTL) have been identified in vivo in response to viral infections; however, the factors necessary for driving the cytolytic phenotype have not been fully elucidated. Our previously published work suggests IL-2 may be the master regulator of perforin-mediated cytotoxicity in CD4 effectors. To further dissect the role of IL-2 in CD4 CTL generation, T cell receptor transgenic mice deficient in the ability to produce IL-2 or the high affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2Rα, CD25) were used. Increasing concentrations of IL-2 were necessary to drive perforin (Prf) expression and maximal cytotoxicity. Granzyme B (GrB) expression and killing …

Cardiac Rehabilitation Programmes For Low-Risk Patients And Leisure Athletes: A Potential Paradox, Wendy Bjerke, Stu Steinman, Vincent Cotto

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

Background: Athletes are enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes in small numbers and require unique diagnostic testing and training considerations. Additionally, many physiotherapists, exercise physiologists, athletic trainers and physicians lack experience treating athletes in CR due to their limited exposure to these types of patients. Content: This analysis distinguishes athletes from typical CR patients within the context of diagnostic testing, assessment, exercise prescription, and management. Several case studies present unique challenges and approaches to the rehabilitation of athletes in a CR setting. Conclusions: Athletes enrolled in CR should be treated and trained according to their abilities and goals. Combining traditional …

Department Of Surgery Update, February 2014, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A three page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains an obituary for Robert P. Turk, M.D., a message from the chair, a list of important dates, committee meetings, scholarly activity and more.

The Association Of Depression And Anxiety With Glycemic Control Among Mexican Americans With Diabetes Living Near The U.S.-Mexico Border, Darla E. Kendzor, Minxing Chen, Belinda M. Reininger, Michael S. Businelle, Diana W. Stewart, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, Anne R. Rentfro, David W. Wetter, Joseph B. Mccormick

School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Background

The prevalence of diabetes is alarmingly high among Mexican American adults residing near the U.S.-Mexico border. Depression is also common among Mexican Americans with diabetes, and may have a negative influence on diabetes management. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the associations of depression and anxiety with the behavioral management of diabetes and glycemic control among Mexican American adults living near the border.

Methods

The characteristics of Mexican Americans with diabetes living in Brownsville, TX (N = 492) were compared by depression/anxiety status. Linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the associations of depression …