Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: An Evidence-Based Review For The Family Nurse Practitioner, Kindra Romer

Graduate Research Projects

No abstract provided.

Power Development For Golf, Scot D. Morrison, Eric Chaconas

Physical Therapy Collection

Golf is a popular sport attracting participation from all age groups. The strength and conditioning professional will often encounter golfers who are looking to improve their game through rotational power development. By gaining a sound understanding of the development of rotational power in the golfer, the exercise professional will be better able to address this need. The purpose of this article is to discuss power development principles, address golf-specific power development, and give some specific exercise options that can be implemented.

Premedical Programs Newsletter, August 2014, University Of Dayton

Pre-Health Resource Center Campus Communications

Newsletter for students, staff, and faculty in the premedical and predental programs.

“Work What You Got”: Political Participation And Hiv-Positive Black Women’S Work To Restore Themselves And Their Communities, Monica L. Melton

Journal of Interdisciplinary Feminist Thought

Black women’s rates of HIV/AIDS infection have skyrocketed in comparison to other racial and ethnic groups over the past thirty years. Despite these rates, HIV-positive Black women’s perspectives are rarely sought regarding best practices to eradicate and interrupt HIV/AIDS among African American women, even though historically Black women have often proved phenomenal agents of social change. HIV-positive Black women’s activism has been understudied and input from the community in crisis has rarely been deemed as valuable to public health officials in HIV/AIDS prevention and interventions. Through the narratives of thirty HIV-positive Floridian Black women, I present HIV-positive Black women’s political …

Pain And Participation, Catherine Ipsen, Tannis Hargrove, Naomi Kimbell, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Health and Wellness

The objective of the Pain Interference Patterns research project is to understand how pain and environmental conditions, like access barriers, affect community participation of people who report physical, sensory and cognitive impairment. The information will be used to develop strategies for increasing participation in rural communities.

Identification Of A Novel Clone, St736, Among Enterococcus Faecium Clinical Isolates And Its Association With Daptomycin Nonsusceptibility, Guiqing Wang, Sitharthan Kamalakaran, Abhay Dhand, Weihua Huang, Caroline Ojaimi, Jian Zhuge, Leslie Lee Yee, Pramod Mayigowda, Pavan Kumar Surendraiah, Nevenka Dimitrova, John T. Fallon

NYMC Faculty Publications

Resistance to daptomycin in enterococcal clinical isolates remains rare but is being increasingly reported in the United States and worldwide. There are limited data on the genetic relatedness and microbiological and clinical characteristics of daptomycin-nonsusceptible enterococcal clinical isolates. In this study, we assessed the population genetics of daptomycin-nonsusceptible Enterococcus faecium (DNSE) clinical isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome sequencing analysis. Forty-two nonduplicate DNSE isolates and 43 randomly selected daptomycin-susceptible E. faecium isolates were included in the analysis. All E. faecium isolates were recovered from patients at a tertiary care medical center in suburban New York City from May …

Selection Of Appropriate Tumour Data Sets For Benchmark Dose Modelling (Bmd) And Derivation Of A Margin Of Exposure (Moe) For Substances That Are Genotoxic And Carcinogenic: Considerations Of Biological Relevance Of Tumour Type, Data Quality And Uncertainty Assessment, Lutz Edler, Andy Hart, Peter Greaves, Philip Carthew, Myriam Coulet, Alan Boobis, Gary M. Williams, Benjamin Smith

NYMC Faculty Publications

This article addresses a number of concepts related to the selection and modelling of carcinogenicity data for the calculation of a Margin of Exposure. It follows up on the recommendations put forward by the International Life Sciences Institute - European branch in 2010 on the application of the Margin of Exposure (MoE) approach to substances in food that are genotoxic and carcinogenic. The aims are to provide practical guidance on the relevance of animal tumour data for human carcinogenic hazard assessment, appropriate selection of tumour data for Benchmark Dose Modelling, and approaches for dealing with the uncertainty associated with the …

Longitudinal Perspective Of Participation In A Double Blind Placebo Surgery Trial, Jessica Kuhne

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder that causes both motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms in individuals. Overall, PD impacts the physical, emotional and social functioning in the lives of those impacted by the disorder. In 2001, Freed et al. investigated the effects of fetal tissue transplantation in participants with PD by conducting a double-blind sham-controlled surgery trial. The quality of life (QoL) study was conducted concurrently by McRae et al. (2004) in order to determine whether QoL improved in participants in the transplant group compared to the sham group after the one-year period of the double-blind. …

A Study Of Fetal Tissue Implantation For The Treatment Of Parkinson's Disease: Can Self-Efficacy And Social Support Predict Physical Functioning And Perceived Treatment?, Bethany L. Fiebelkorn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Few studies have comprehensively explored the benefit of fetal tissue implantation in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This type of investigation is necessary to better understand how and why some participants in a double-blind investigation of fetal tissue implantation for PD improved following the surgical procedure while others did not (Freed et al., 2001). Data for the present study were collected during a quality of life (QoL) study conducted by McRae et al. (2004) that sampled PD patients who participated in Freed et al.'s (2001) double-blind investigation of fetal tissue implantation. Several aspects of QoL were examined in McRae et al.'s …

An Evaluation Of Contaminated Complete Feed As A Vehicle For Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Of Naïve Pigs Following Consumption Via Natural Feeding Behavior: Proof Of Concept, Scott Dee, Travis Clement, Adam Schelkopf, Joel Nerem, David Knudsen, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Eric A. Nelson

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Since its initial detection in May 2013, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has spread rapidly throughout the US swine industry. Initially, contaminated feed was proposed as a risk factor for PEDV; however, data were not available to support this theory. Here we provide proof of concept of this risk by describing a novel means for recovering PEDV-contaminated complete feed material from commercial swine sites and conducting an in vivo experiment to prove its infectivity.

Results: For on-farm detection of PEDV RNA in feed, paint rollers were used to collect material from at-risk feed bins from 3 clinically affected breeding …

Trident - August 2014, Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Trident

The newsletter of the Pacific Orthodontic Alumni Chapter at University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry.

Developing A Community Health Worker Program In Chichigalpa, Nicaragua, Monterey Starkey

Other Graduate Research

The city of Chichigalpa, Nicaragua suffers from poor health that causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. Consequently, the people in Chichigalpa could be helped with better water solutions, nutritional status, and overall health knowledge. The people are poor and often do not have access to a doctor due to location or financial reasons. Therefore, a Community Health Program was created to train local community health workers to screen for diseases and to teach the local people preventive care, mainly focusing on water, nutrition, and CKDu. Objectives included assessing the community, recruiting community health workers, developing training curriculum, and training …

2014 Tsu Undergraduate Research Program, David Owerbach

Office of Research Institutional Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Considering A New Paradigm For Alzheimer’S Disease Research, Gillian R. Langley

Experimentation Collection

Using Alzheimer’s disease as a case study, this review argues that it might be time to consider a new paradigm in medical research and drug discovery. The existing framework is overly dependent on often unvalidated animal models, particularly transgenic mice. Translational success remains elusive and costly late-stage drug failure is common. The conventional paradigm tends to overlook species differences and assumes that animal-based findings are generally applicable to humans. Could pathways-based research using advanced human-specific models probed with new tools, including those of systems biology, take centre stage? The current transition in chemical toxicology to a 21st-century paradigm could be …

Why Are There Eggs?, Stuart A. Newman

NYMC Faculty Publications

A description and update of the "egg-as-novelty" hypothesis is presented. It is proposed that the major animal phylum-characteristic suites of morphological motifs first emerged more than a half-billion years ago in multicellular aggregates and clusters that did not exhibit an egg-soma divergence. These pre-metazoan bodies were organized by "dynamical patterning modules" (DPMs), physical processes and effects mobilized on the new multicellular scale by ancient conserved genes that came to mediate cell-cell interactions in these clusters. "Proto-eggs" were enlarged cells that through cleavage, or physical confinement by a secreted matrix, served to enforce genomic and genetic homogeneity in the cell clusters …

Blunted Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity In Response To A Nitric Oxide Donor In Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Andrew T. Del Pozzi, Akash Pandey, Marvin S. Medow, Zachary R. Messer, Julian M. Stewart

NYMC Faculty Publications

Cognitive deficits are characteristic of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Intact nitrergic nitric oxide (NO) is important to cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, neurovascular coupling, and cognitive efficacy. POTS patients often experience defective NO-mediated vasodilation caused by oxidative stress. We have previously shown dilation of the middle cerebral artery in response to a bolus administration of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in healthy volunteers. In the present study, we hypothesized a blunted middle cerebral artery response to SNP in POTS. We used combined transcranial Doppler-ultrasound to measure CBF velocity and near-infrared spectroscopy to measure cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation while subjects were …

Providing An Evidence-Based Medical Screening Examination On Patients Who Present To The Emergency Department With Non-Emergent Complaints: A Quality Improvement Initiative, Joyce Jeffries

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Problem Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding is a growing concern for hospitals across the US. ED overcrowding contributes to prolonged wait times and an increase in the number of patients who leave before or without being seen (LWBS). The number of patients using the ED for non-emergent complaints is expected to continue to rise and some hospitals are utilizing a different model to deliver care (Nash, Nguyen, & Tillman 2009). The problem statement described in this project is: In (P) adults utilizing the ED for non-emergent complaints at a local hospital in the southern US, (I) will providing a mid-level provider …

Evaluation And Revision Of An Introduction To Experiential Rotations Course, Eliza A. Dy, Sarah Nisly

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the perceived student value of topics taught in Butler University’s Introduction to Experiential Rotations (RX500) course, implement course revisions to address any perceived weaknesses, and to reassess the course following implementation of those course revisions. Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) students from Butler University’s 2012 doctorate of pharmacy class were initially surveyed to assess the perceived usefulness and design of RX500. Based on the findings of the initial data, course revisions were developed and implemented for the following semester’s RX500 course. In order to assess for potential changes in the perceived value …

Retigabine Calms Seizure-Induced Behavior Following Status Epilepticus, A M. Slomko, Z Naseer, S S. Ali, J P. Wongvravit, L K. Friedman

NYMC Faculty Publications

In adult rats, intraperitoneal injection of kainate (KA) results in sustained status epilepticus and persistent behavioral comorbidities such as hyperexcitability, anxiety, and altered response to environmental cues. Intrahippocampal KA also results in sustained status epilepticus and continuous high frequency oscillations in the electroencephalograph (EEG), although subsequent behavioral side effects are unknown. We hypothesized that retigabine, a recently discovered anticonvulsant and potent positive modulator of Kv7 channels, may attenuate seizure-induced behavioral abnormalities. Status epilepticus was induced by administration of KA either intraperitoneally (15 mg/kg) or by single intrahippocampal injection (1.0 μg/0.5 μL). After 24 h, half of systemically KA-treated animals that …

Com Outlook Fall 2014, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Visionary Summer 2014, College Of Optometry

Visionary

No abstract provided.

Clinical Faculty Perceptions Of Using A Skills Checklist In Teaching Pn Students Bedside Physical Assessments, Helen Daniels-Moncrief

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Abstract An area of student learning where assessment and support is most important is in the teaching of physical assessment to practical nursing (PN) students. Faculty teaches techniques of body system assessments and then evaluates student learning. First year practical nursing (PN) students at a Midwest community college were reported to be deficient in performing bedside physical assessments by clinical nursing faculty and hospital staff. It was proposed that the use of a bedside physical assessment checklist would assist faculty in teaching physical assessment and improve student outcomes. This qualitative phenomenological study involved a purposive sample of seven nursing faculty …

Heart Rate Variability Measured Early In Patients With Evolving Acute Coronary Syndrome And 1-Year Outcomes Of Rehospitalization And Mortality, Patricia R.E. Harris, Phyllis K. Stein, Gordon L. Fung, Barbara J. Drew

Collected Faculty Scholarship

Objective: This study sought to examine the prognostic value of heart rate variability (HRV) measurement initiated immediately after emergency department presentation for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Background: Altered HRV has been associated with adverse outcomes in heart disease, but the value of HRV measured during the earliest phases of ACS related to risk of 1-year rehospitalization and death has not been established.

Methods: Twenty-four-hour Holter recordings of 279 patients with ACS were initiated within 45 minutes of emergency department arrival; recordings with �18 hours of sinus rhythm were selected for HRV analysis (number [N] �193). Time domain, frequency …

Treatment Of Rectal War Wounds, O Van Waes, J Halm, J Vermeulen, Vivian Mcalister

Data and Test Instruments

Treatment strategies for penetrating rectal injuries (PRI) in civilian settings are still not uniformly agreed, in part since high-energy transfer PRI, such as is frequently seen in military settings, are not taken into account. Here, we describe three cases of PRI, treated in a deployed combat environment, and outline the management strategies successfully employed. We also discuss the literature regarding PRI management. Where there is a major soft tissue component, repetitive debridement and vacuum therapy is useful. A loop or end colostomy should be used, depending on the degree of damage to the anal sphincter complex.

Complexity And Familiarity Enhance Single-Trial Detectability Of Imagined Movements With Electroencephalography, Raechelle M. Gibson, Srivas Chennu, Adrian M. Owen, Damian Cruse

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Objective: We sought to determine whether the sensorimotor rhythms (SMR) elicited during motor imagery (MI) of complex and familiar actions could be more reliably detected with electroencephalography (EEG), and subsequently classified on a single-trial basis, than those elicited during relatively simpler imagined actions. Methods: Groups of healthy volunteers, including experienced pianists and ice hockey players, performed MI of varying complexity and familiarity. Their electroencephalograms were recorded and compared using brain-computer interface (BCI) approaches and spectral analyses. Results: Relative to simple MI, significantly more participants produced classifiable SMR for complex MI. During MI of performance of a complex musical piece, the …

Implantation Failure In Female Kiss1-/- Mice Is Independent Of Their Hypogonadic State And Can Be Partially Rescued By Leukemia Inhibitory Factor., Michele Calder, Yee-Ming Chan, Renju Raj, Macarena Pampillo, Adrienne Elbert, Michelle Noonan, Carolina Gillio-Meina, Claudia Caligioni, Nathalie G Bérubé, Moshmi Bhattacharya, Andrew J Watson, Stephanie B Seminara, Andy V Babwah

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

The hypothalamic kisspeptin signaling system is a major positive regulator of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis, and loss of Kiss1 in the mouse results in infertility, a condition generally attributed to its hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. We demonstrate that in Kiss1(-/-) female mice, acute replacement of gonadotropins and estradiol restores ovulation, mating, and fertilization; however, these mice are still unable to achieve pregnancy because embryos fail to implant. Progesterone treatment did not overcome this defect. Kiss1(+/-) embryos transferred to a wild-type female mouse can successfully implant, demonstrating the defect is due to maternal factors. Kisspeptin and its receptor are expressed in the mouse …

The Co-Occurrence Of Ptsd And Dissociation: Differentiating Severe Ptsd From Dissociative Ptsd, Cherie Amour, Karen-Inge Karstoft, Don Richardson

MacDonald Franklin OSI Research Centre

Purpose

A dissociative-posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subtype has been included in the DSM-5. However, it is not yet clear whether certain socio-demographic characteristics or psychological/clinical constructs such as comorbid psychopathology differentiate between severe PTSD and dissociative-PTSD. The current study investigated the existence of a dissociative-PTSD subtype and explored whether a number of trauma and clinical covariates could differentiate between severe PTSD alone and dissociative-PTSD.

Methods

The current study utilized a sample of 432 treatment seeking Canadian military veterans. Participants were assessed with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and self-report measures of traumatic life events, depression, and anxiety. CAPS severity …

Pulmonary Ventilation Defects In Older Never-Smokers, Khadija Sheikh, Gregory A Paulin, Sarah Svenningsen, Miranda Kirby, Nigel A M Paterson, David G Mccormack, Grace Parraga

Medical Biophysics Publications

Hyperpolarized (3)He MRI previously revealed spatially persistent ventilation defects in healthy, older compared with healthy, younger never-smokers. To understand better the physiological consequences and potential relevance of (3)He MRI ventilation defects, we evaluated (3)He-MRI ventilation-defect percent (VDP) and the effect of deep inspiration (DI) and salbutamol on VDP in older never-smokers. To identify the potential determinants of ventilation defects in these subjects, we evaluated dyspnea, pulmonary function, and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) measurements, as well as occupational and second-hand smoke exposure. Fifty-two never-smokers (71 ± 6 yr) with no history of chronic respiratory disease were evaluated. During a single visit, …

Practice Patterns And Trends In The Use Of Medical Therapy In Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Ontario, Pallav Garg, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Lingsong Yun, Warren J. Cantor, Dennis T. Ko

Department of Medicine Publications

Background

Clinical guidelines emphasize medical therapy as the initial approach to the management of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the extent to which medical therapy is applied before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in contemporary clinical practice is uncertain. We evaluated medication use for patients with stable CAD undergoing PCI, and assessed whether the COURAGE study altered medication use in the Canadian healthcare system.

Methods and Results

A population‐based cohort of 23 680 older patients >65 years old) with stable CAD undergoing PCI in Ontario between 2003 and 2010 was assembled. Optimal medical therapy (OMT) was …

Aucune Spécialité N'Est Une Île : La Stratégie De Wilder Penfield, Vivian Mcalister

Data and Test Instruments

Acquérir des connaissances et en découvrir de nouvelles est la plus noble occupation du médecin. Appliquer ces connaissances en faisant preuve de compréhension et d’empathie pour le soulagement de la souffrance humaine est la plus belle profession; et faire les deux avec une fidélité sans prétention est le couronnement de la profession. — Edward Archibald, 1934. Le JCC a publié sur son site web (www.canjsurg.ca) un commentaire « en évolution » dans le cadre du protocole de consensus du JCC. 2 L’objectif des auteurs est d’élaborer un énoncé sur la formation des résidents en chirurgie générale en endoscopie gastrointestinale. 3 …