Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Association Between Nurse Staffing Indicators, Patient Falls, And Hospital Acquired Pressure Ulcers In The Acute Care Setting, Cheryl Renee Moates

Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects (Full IR Collection)

Purpose: To determine if there is an association between nurse staffing indicators, direct care nurses' perceptions of staffing and resources adequacy, patient falls, and hospital acquired pressure ulcers.

Design: A non-experimental, descriptive, correlational design using secondary data was used.

Methods: The study took place at a large metropolitan hospital located within the southeast United States. Unit level data for 11 medical-surgical nursing units from the hospital's National Database for Nursing Quality Indicators survey conducted in October 2011 were obtained.

Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between TNHPPD and RNNHPPD. No statistically significant relationship was found between nurses' perception of …

Development Of A Fatal Noncompressible Truncal Hemorrhage Model With Combined Hepatic And Portal Venous Injury In Normothermic Normovolemic Swine, Ujwal R. Yanala, Jason M. Johanning, Iraklis I. Pipinos, Gustavo F. Larsen, William H. Velander, Mark A. Carlson

William H. Velander Publications

Noncompressible truncal hemorrhage and brain injury currently account for most early mortality of warfighters on the battlefield. There is no effective treatment for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage, other than rapid evacuation to a surgical facility. The availability of an effective field treatment for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage could increase the number of warfighters salvaged from this frequently-lethal scenario. Our intent was to develop a porcine model of noncompressible truncal hemorrhage with a ,50% one-hour mortality so that we could develop new treatments for this difficult problem. Normovolemic normothermic domestic swine (barrows, 3 months old, 34–36 kg) underwent one of three injury types …

Tissue-Protective Effects Of Nkg2a In Immune-Mediated Clearance Of Virus Infection, Kenneth H. Ely, Mitsuo Matsuoka, Matthew P. Deberge, Jessica A. Ruby, Jun Liu, Mark J. Schneider, Yan Wang, Young S. Hahn, Richard I. Enelow

Dartmouth Scholarship

Virus infection triggers a CD8⁺ T cell response that aids in virus clearance, but also expresses effector functions that may result in tissue injury. CD8⁺ T cells express a variety of activating and inhibiting ligands, though regulation of the expression of inhibitory receptors is not well understood. The ligand for the inhibitory receptor, NKG2A, is the non-classical MHC-I molecule Qa1^b, which may also serve as a putative restricting element for the T cell receptors of purported regulatory CD8⁺ T cells. We have previously shown that Qa1^b-null mice suffer considerably enhanced immunopathologic lung injury …

Intellectual And Developmental Disability: Healthcare Financing, David A. Ervin, Joav Merrick

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates global spending on healthcare at $6.5 trillion, approximately 10.5% of the world’s gross domestic product. The United States’ (US) share of that spending is $2.6 trillion, essentially quadrupling since 1980. The 2010 United States Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), also known as Obamacare, has stimulated extensive debate over the way in which healthcare is financed, and whether or not the costs of healthcare are sustainable. Among publicly funded healthcare in the US, Medicaid and Medicare are primary sources of funding. In federal fiscal year 2012, Medicaid spending on acute health exceeded $275.4 …

Photos That Changed The World: Ted Talk Annotated Resource List, Chris Riehl

Undergraduate Research Award

No abstract provided.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• State-Mandated Reporting

A Word Of Caution Regarding Proposed Benefits Of Albumin From Albios: A Dose Of Healthy Skepticism, Alexander H. Flannery, Sean P. Kane, Angel O. Coz-Yataco

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Lung Flute Improves Symptoms And Health Status In Copd With Chronic Bronchitis: A 26 Week Randomized Controlled Trial, Sanjay Sethi, Jingjing Yin, Pamela K. Anderson

Biostatistics: Faculty Publications

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by mucus hypersecretion that contributes to disease related morbidity and is associated with increased mortality. The Lung Flute® is a new respiratory device that produces a low frequency acoustic wave with moderately vigorous exhalation to increase mucus clearance. We hypothesized that the Lung Flute, used on a twice daily basis will provide clinical benefit to patients with COPD with chronic bronchitis.

Methods: We performed a 26 week randomized, non-intervention controlled, single center, open label trial in 69 patients with COPD and Chronic Bronchitis. The primary endpoint was change in respiratory symptoms measured …

Sleep Quality And Quantity Of Portland State University Intercollegiate Student-Athletes: A Case Study, Mara Elizabeth Birge

Dissertations and Theses

According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rulebook, student-athletes are limited to 20 hours/week of official athletic activity. While this in and of itself is not a huge time commitment, when it is combined with the academic expectations that come with being a college student and athletic activities that are not included in the 20 hours/week, there isn't much time left in the week for student-athletes to get everything done. In addition to imposing daily stress, such time demands may negatively affect sleep. This study examined the sleep quality and quantity of student-athletes, as well as how much time …

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• State-Mandated Reporting

What's Happening: September 22, 2014, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Pharmacotherapy For Uveitis: Current Management And Emerging Therapy., Robert J. Barry, Quan Dong Nguyen, Richard W. Lee, Philip I. Murray, Alastair K. Denniston

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

Uveitis, a group of conditions characterized by intraocular inflammation, is a major cause of sight loss in the working population. Most uveitis seen in Western countries is noninfectious and appears to be autoimmune or autoinflammatory in nature, requiring treatment with immunosuppressive and/or anti-inflammatory drugs. In this educational review, we outline the ideal characteristics of drugs for uveitis and review the data to support the use of current and emerging therapies in this context. It is crucial that we continue to develop new therapies for use in uveitis that aim to suppress disease activity, prevent accumulation of damage, and preserve visual …

“Me & My Brain”: Exposing NeuroscienceʼS Closet Dualism, Liad Mudrik, Uri Maoz

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Our intuitive concept of the relations between brain and mind is increasingly challenged by the scientific world view. Yet, although few neuroscientists openly endorse Cartesian dualism, careful reading reveals dualistic intuitions in prominent neuroscientific texts. Here, we present the “double-subject fallacy”: treating the brain and the entire person as two independent subjects who can simultaneously occupy divergent psychological states and even have complex interactions with each other—as in “my brain knew before I did.” Although at first, such writing may appear like harmless, or even cute, shorthand, a closer look suggests that it can be seriously misleading. Surprisingly, this confused …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - September 21, 2014, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the September 21, 2014 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• Mark Your Calendar: Retirement Receptions
• USA Physicians Group Hosts Welcome Reception for New Physicians
• Free Flu Vaccine for USA Health & Dental Enrollees
• Med School Café - Expert Advice for the Community
• First-Year Medical Students Take Class of 2018 Oath
• ALREC Launches New Website to Help with EHR Transition
• USA Welcomes Dr. Haley Ballard

Toxicity Of Engineered Nanomaterials And Their Transformation Products Following Wastewater Treatment On A549 Human Lung Epithelial Cells, Yanjun Ma, Subbiah Elankumaran, Linsey C. Marr, Eric P. Vejerano, Amy Pruden

Faculty Publications

Here we characterize the toxicity of environmentally-relevant forms of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), which can transform during wastewater treatment and persist in aqueous effluents and biosolids. In an aerosol exposure scenario, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of effluents and biosolids from lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) to A549 human lung epithelial cells were examined. The SBRs were dosed with nanoAg, nano zero-valent iron (NZVI), nanoTiO2 and nanoCeO2 at sequentially increasing concentrations from 0.1 to 20 mg/L. Toxicities were compared to outputs from SBRs dosed with ionic/bulk analogs, undosed SBRs, and pristine ENMs. Pristine nanoAg and NZVI showed significant cytotoxicity to A549 cells in …

Inferior Meatus Maxillary Antrostomy: Time To Revisit A Previously Abandoned Surgical Technique?, Natalie Ziegler, Bs, Alfred Marc C. Lloreta, Md, Alexander Farag, Md, Ting Ting Zhan, Phd, Gurston G. Nyquist, Md, Marc Rosen, Md

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Presentations and Grand Rounds

Background: A small subset of patients have dysfunctional maxillary sinus mucosa. These patients require more aggressive surgical treatment to allow for gravity dependent mucous drainage, intra-operative and office debridements, and the delivery of irrigations and topical treatments. The aim of this study is to examine the use of inferior meatus maxillary antrostomy (IMMA) in combination with traditional maxillary antrostomy, in this challenging patient population.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study from February, 2008 until April, 2014 with a 118 patients undergoing a total of 128 IMMA procedures. Data was gathered regarding patient demographic, prior therapy, post-operative medical therapy, IMMA patency, …

Grant Application: Immigrant And Refugee Family Wellness Engagement Through Yoga And Zumba, Elizabeth Crawford, Faith Swenson, Angela Serrani, Kathleen Cassidy, Brittany Roy, Trixie Porter

Immigrant and Refugee Family Wellness Engagement Through Yoga and Zumba

IPEC Mini-grant application for funding of UNE student project Immigrant And Refugee Family Wellness Engagement Through Yoga And Zumba. Students from multiple health professions collaborated to provide Yoga and Zumba classes at the Riverton Community Center. The project aimed to increase the participants’ ability to utilize stress reducing activities through a blend of student created heath education materials and yoga and zumba classes for refugee women and children.

Atypical Multisensory Integration In Niemann-Pick Type C Disease – Towards Potential Biomarkers, Gizely N. Andrade, Sophie Molholm, John S. Butler, Alice Brown Brandwein, Steven U. Walkley, John J. Foxe

Publications and Research

Background: Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disease in which cholesterol and glycosphingolipids accumulate in lysosomes due to aberrant cell-transport mechanisms. It is characterized by progressive and ultimately terminal neurological disease, but both pre-clinical studies and direct human trials are underway to test the safety and efficacy of cholesterol clearing compounds, with good success already observed in animal models. Key to assessing the effectiveness of interventions in patients, however, is the development of objective neurobiological outcome measures. Multisensory integration mechanisms present as an excellent candidate since they necessarily rely on the fidelity of long-range neural connections between the …

Transformation Of Human Cathelicidin Ll-37 Into Selective, Stable, And Potent Antimicrobial Compounds., Guangshun Wang, Mark L. Hanke, Biswajit Mishra, Tamara Lushnikova, Cortney E. Heim, Vinai Chittezham Thomas, Kenneth W. Bayles, Tammy Kielian

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

This Letter reports a family of novel antimicrobial compounds obtained by combining peptide library screening with structure-based design. Library screening led to the identification of a human LL-37 peptide resistant to chymotrypsin. This d-amino-acid-containing peptide template was active against Escherichia coli but not methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It possesses a unique nonclassic amphipathic structure with hydrophobic defects. By repairing the hydrophobic defects, the peptide (17BIPHE2) gained activity against the ESKAPE pathogens, including Enterococcus faecium, S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species. In vitro, 17BIPHE2 could disrupt bacterial membranes and bind to DNA. In vivo, the peptide …

Association Of Leukocyte Mitochondrial Dna Content With Glioma Risk: Evidence From A Chinese Case-Control Study., Jie Zhang, Deyang Li, Falin Qu, Yibing Chen, Gang Li, Hequn Jiang, Xiaojun Huang, Hushan Yang, Jinliang Xing

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content may be implicated in the tumorigenesis of several malignancies. However, the association between mtDNA content in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and glioma risk has not been investigated.

METHODS: Real-time PCR was used to examine the mtDNA content in PBLs of 414 glioma patients and 414 matched controls in a hospital-based case-control study. The association between mtDNA content and glioma risk was evaluated using an unconditional multivariate logistic regression model.

RESULTS: We found that glioma patients exhibited a significantly higher median mtDNA content than healthy controls (0.99 vs. 0.71, P …

Dimethyl Sulfoxide Damages Mitochondrial Integrity And Membrane Potential In Cultured Astrocytes, Chan Yuan, Junying Gao, Jichao Guo, Lei Bai, Charles Marshall, Zhiyou Cai, Linmei Wang, Ming Xiao

Center of Excellence in Rural Health Faculty Publications

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a polar organic solvent that is used to dissolve neuroprotective or neurotoxic agents in neuroscience research. However, DMSO itself also has pharmacological and pathological effects on the nervous system. Astrocytes play a central role in maintaining brain homeostasis, but the effect and mechanism of DMSO on astrocytes has not been studied. The present study showed that exposure of astrocyte cultures to 1% DMSO for 24 h did not significantly affect cell survival, but decreased cell viability and glial glutamate transporter expression, and caused mitochondrial swelling, membrane potential impairment and reactive oxygen species production, and subsequent cytochrome …

The Distribution Pattern Of Halicephalobus Gingivalis In A Horse Is Suggestive Of A Haematogenous Spread Of The Nematode, Christina Henneke, Anna Jespersen, Stine Jacobsen, Martin K. Nielsen, Fintan Mcevoy, Henrik E. Jensen

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The majority of Halicephalobus gingivalis-infections in horses have been fatal and are usually not diagnosed before necropsy. Therefore, knowledge about the nematode and the pathogenesis of infection in horses is limited. This has resulted in an on-going discussion about the port of entry and subsequent dissemination of H. gingivalis within the host. The present case of H. gingivalis-infection in a horse was diagnosed ante mortem. Post mortem findings, the distribution pattern of H. gingivalis nematodes in the brain, a high prevalence of inflammation in close relation to blood vessels, and the presence of the nematode in multiple organs …

Swimming Against The Tide: Investigations Of The C-Bouton Synapse, Adam S. Deardorff, Shannon H. Romer, Patrick M. Sonner, Robert E. W. Fyffe

Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Physiology Faculty Publications

C-boutons are important cholinergic modulatory loci for state-dependent alterations in motoneuron firing rate. m2 receptors are concentrated postsynaptic to C-boutons, and m2 receptor activation increases motoneuron excitability by reducing the action potential afterhyperpolarization. Here, using an intensive review of the current literature as well as data from our laboratory, we illustrate that C-bouton postsynaptic sites comprise a unique structural/functional domain containing appropriate cellular machinery (a “signaling ensemble”) for cholinergic regulation of outward K⁺ currents. Moreover, synaptic reorganization at these critical sites has been observed in a variety of pathologic states. Yet despite recent advances, there are still great challenges …

Thymidylate Synthase Genotype-Directed Chemotherapy For Patients With Gastric And Gastroesophageal Junction Cancers, Laura W. Goff, Nilay Thakkar, Liping Du, Emily Chan, Benjamin R. Tan, Dana B. Cardin, Howard L. Mcleod, Jordan D. Berlin, Barbara Zehnbauer, Chloe Fournier, Joel Picus, Andrea Wang-Gillam, Wooin Lee, A. Craig Lockhart

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies indicate associations between TSER (thymidylate synthase enhancer region) genotypes and clinical outcomes in patients receiving 5-FU based chemotherapy, but well-controlled prospective validation has been lacking.

METHODS: In this phase II study (NCT00515216 registered through ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00515216), patients with "good risk" TSER genotypes (at least one TSER*2 allele) were treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy to determine whether prospective patient selection can improve overall response rates (ORR) in patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers, compared with historical outcomes in unselected patients (estimated 43%).

RESULTS: The ORR in genotype-selected patients was 39.1% (9 partial responses out …

Information Session: Aamc’S Teaching For Quality (Te4q) At Jefferson, David B. Nash, Md, Mba, Alexis Skoufalos, Edd

College of Population Health Lectures, Presentations, Workshops

This information session facilitated by David Nash, MD, MBA, and Alexis Skoufalos, EdD, introduces participants and viewers to the AAMC’s “Teaching for Quality (Te4Q)” program, hosted by Jefferson’s Patient Safety Leadership Institute. Te4Q is a faculty development program designed to help clinical faculty effectively teach and implement quality improvement and patient safety education initiatives. This session provides an overview of the program including the initial 1 ½ day workshop, which will be held on the Jefferson campus on Thursday and Friday, November 20 and 21, 2014. This enterprise-wide endeavor is being jointly sponsored by TJU/TJUH, thanks to …

Development And Utilization Of An Acuity Scale For Oncology Patient Navigation, Raizalie Roman-Rosado Bsn, Ocn, Cmsrn, Laura Beaupre Bsn, Ocn, Cbpn-Ic, Kathy Sevedge Rn, Ma, Aocn, Jane Zubia Rn, Ocn, Cbpn I-C, Martiza Y. Chicas Rn, Pccn, Diane Mchugh Bsn, Ocn, Cbpn-Ic, Dorothy Morrone Rnc, Ms, Ocn, Tracy Kichline

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

The Association Of The Vanin-1 N131s Variant With Blood Pressure Is Mediated By Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation And Loss Of Function, Ya-Juan Wang, Bamidele O. Tayo, Anupam Bandyopadhyay, Heming Wang, Tao Feng, Nora Franceschini, Hua Tang, Jianmin Gao, Yun Ju Sung, The Cogent Bp Consortium, Robert C. Elston, Scott M. Williams, Richard S. Cooper, Ting-Wei Mu, Xiaofeng Zhu

Dartmouth Scholarship

High blood pressure (BP) is the most common cardiovascular risk factor worldwide and a major contributor to heart disease and stroke. We previously discovered a BP-associated missense SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)–rs2272996–in the gene encoding vanin-1, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane pantetheinase. In the present study, we first replicated the association of rs2272996 and BP traits with a total sample size of nearly 30,000 individuals from the Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network (COGENT) of African Americans (P = 0.01). This association was further validated using patient plasma samples; we observed that the N131S mutation is associated with significantly lower plasma vanin-1 …

The Impact Of A Home-Based Palliative Medicine Service On The Care For A Community-Dwelling Patient With Intractable Cancer Pain, Stefanie Toman Crnp, Robin Fritsch Crnp, Barbara Sikora Lpn

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Mapping Regions Of Rnf168 Required For Its Degradation By Icp0, Andrea Cyr, Matthew Weitzman

e-Research: A Journal of Undergraduate Work

Viruses establish infection by overtaking host cell processes and developing mechanisms that promote viral replication. Herpes simplex virus undergoes lytic and latent cycles of infection throughout the lifespan of its host. The viral genome is transcriptionally silent during latency, but viral proteins are produced upon reactivation. Herpes simplex virus type 1 encodes the ICP0 protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for reactivation from latency of the infectious virus. The immediate-early protein ICP0 regulates the herpes simplex virus by activating viral gene expression thereby initiating lytic infection. Cellular proteins are degraded by ICP0, promoting the virus to enter the lytic cycle. …

Abnormal White Matter Integrity Related To Head Impact Exposure In A Season Of High School Varsity Football, Elizabeth M. Davenport, Christopher T. Whitlow, Jillian E. Urban, Mark A. Espeland, Jung Youngkyoo, Daryl A. Rosenbaum, Gerard A. Gioia, Alexander K. Powers, Joel D. Stitzel, Joseph A. Maldjian

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to determine whether the cumulative effects of head impacts from a season of high school football produce magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measureable changes in the brain in the absence of clinically diagnosed concussion. Players from a local high school football team were instrumented with the Head Impact Telemetry System (HITS™) during all practices and games. All players received pre- and postseason MRI, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) was also conducted. Total impacts and risk-weighted cumulative exposure (RWE), including linear (RWE_Linear), rotational (RWE_Rotational), and …