Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Aménagement Optimal Du Camion Avec Bras Assisté Pour La Collecte D’Ordures Ménagères, Jacques Lavoie, Serge Guertin, Manon Trudel, Michel Filion

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L’étude de Lavoie et Guertin (2002) sur les agents biologiques et les contraintes ergonomiques lors de l’utilisation de camions avec bras assisté a démontré que les principaux risques à la santé ou à la sécurité auxquels les éboueurs de la collecte conventionnelle sont traditionnellement exposés ont connu une forte diminution. Toutefois, l’existence de nouvelles problématiques associées à l’aménagement physique des camions et aux opérations d’entretien et de nettoyage a été aussi démontrée. Ces activités peuvent être des sources d’exposition incontrôlées à des bioaérosols et à des risques d’accident. Comme solution, les auteurs avaient proposé des critères d’aménagement des postes de …

Étude De La Prévalence Des Troubles Musculo-Squelettiques Et Psychologiques, Des Facteurs Physiques Et Psychosociaux Chez Les Préposés Des Centres D'Urgence 9-1-1, Georges Toulouse, Louise St-Arnaud, Renée Bourbonnais, Jean Damasse, Denise Chicoine, Alain Delisle

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L’Association paritaire pour la santé et la sécurité du travail, secteur des affaires municipales (APSAM) a demandé à l’IRSST de réaliser une étude concernant la prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) et psychologiques affectant les préposés des centres d’appels d’urgence 9-1-1. Cette demande s’appuie sur les préoccupations exprimées par les représentants syndicaux et patronaux des centres d’urgence 9-1-1 qui constatent la présence de troubles musculo-squelettiques et psychologiques chez les préposés. Toutefois, il n’existe pas de données statistiques permettant de statuer sur l’ampleur de ces phénomènes. En effet, les statistiques tenues par la Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du …

Détection Des Mouvements De Blocs Rocheux Par Imagerie Numérique, Michel Payeur, Robert Corthésy, Maria Helena Leite

Rapports de recherche scientifique

PRÉAMBULE

Ce rapport est un condensé du mémoire de maîtrise de Michel Payeur intitulé Détection des mouvements de blocs rocheux par imagerie numérique déposé à la bibliothèque de l’École Polytechnique. Ce travail de recherche a été réalisé sous la direction des professeurs Maria Helena Leite et Robert Corthésy du département des génies civil, géologique et des mines de l’École Polytechnique. Le mémoire comporte beaucoup d’informations qui n’ont pu être incluses dans ce rapport faute d’espace.

Le mémoire de maîtrise comporte aussi en annexe, un guide d’utilisation de la méthode qui permet à qui le souhaite, de traiter des paires d’images …

Détermination De La Concentration D’Isocyanates Aéroportés Pendant La Dégradation Thermique De Peinture Automobile Dans Des Ateliers De Réparation De Carrosserie., Michel Boutin, Claude Ostiguy, André Dufresne, Martine Charette, Jacques Lesage

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les isocyanates sont grandement utilisés dans la formulation de la peinture automobile afin de former des polymères de polyuréthanes. Lors d’une dégradation thermique, ces systèmes polymériques peuvent régénérer une partie des isocyanates qui sont des agents sensibilisants puissants conduisant à l’asthme professionnel. Dans les ateliers de réparation de carrosseries, l’utilisation d’un procédé abrasif sur des peintures de polyuréthanes peut générer suffisamment de chaleur pour occasionner la libération d’isocyanates dans l’air ambiant.

Une campagne d’échantillonnage en milieu environnemental a été réalisée dans deux centres de formation professionnelle et dans un atelier de recyclage de pièces d’automobiles afin de valider la méthode …

Musculoskeletal Disorders And Computer Work: The Impact Of Workstation Layout On Posture And Muscle Load Of The Upper Limbs, Alain Delisle, Christian Larivière, André Plamondon, Daniel Imbeau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cliquez ici pour la version française de ce rapport

La présente étude avait pour objectif de déterminer si l'utilisation d'un mobilier de bureau ajustable en hauteur offrant un appui au niveau des avant-bras sur la surface de travail permet de réduire la sollicitation musculaire tout en minimisant l’impact sur la posture du membre supérieur. Dix-huit sujets ont effectué une tâche de travail à l’ordinateur de 20 minutes impliquant du travail alterné entre le clavier et la souris, avec trois mobiliers de bureau différents : un mobilier à surface unique avec support-écran indépendant, entièrement ajustable en hauteur, permettant l'appui des avant-bras …

Les Effets D'Une Intervention De Counseling Sur La Réadaptation De Travailleurs Accidentés À Risque De Chronicité, Conrad Lecomte, Réginald Savard

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette recherche propose l’investigation des effets d’une intervention en counseling sur la réadaptation de travailleurs accidentés à risque de chronicité. À la suite d’une recension de la littérature pertinente portant sur les facteurs biopsychosociaux et la chronicité, les enjeux de l’intervention en réadaptation sont analysés. Soixante-deux travailleurs accidentés à risque de chronicité sont assignés au hasard à 19 conseillers regroupés en deux catégories, soit formés ou non formés au counseling de réadaptation et intervenant selon deux modalités, soit sur une base hebdomadaire ou selon les pratiques habituelles de la Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CSST). …

Analyse De L'Expectoration Induite Dans La Silicose Et L'Amiantose : Corrélation Avec La Fonction Pulmonaire, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Philippe Prince, Marc Desmeules

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Problématique de santé et sécurité du travail

L’amiantose et la silicose sont les pneumoconioses les plus fréquentes au Québec et sont souvent associées à une détérioration progressive de la fonction pulmonaire. Cependant, il est difficile de prédire qui, parmi les travailleurs, développera ces conditions ou, s’ils en sont atteints, quelle sera leur évolution clinique.

Objectifs

1. Évaluer le rôle de l’expectoration induite (EI), une technique non-invasive d’analyse des sécrétions bronchiques, en comparaison avec le lavage bronchoalvéolaire (LBA) dans l’évaluation de la sévérité de pneumoconioses.
2. Vérifier si certains marqueurs des processus inflammatoires ou de remodelage peuvent être mesurés dans l’EI et s’ils …

Étude Exploratoire Des Dynamiques De Formation Et D’Apprentissage : Apprentissage Des Tâches Et Prévention Des Troubles Musculo-Squelettiques Dans Trois Entreprises Du Secteur Avicole, Céline Chatigny, André Balleux, Monique Martin, Jacinthe Grenier, Sylvie Ouellet, Martin Corbeil, Marie Laberge, Diane Rochette

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La problématique de cette recherche est issue de la rencontre des résultats d’une étude conduite par Richard (2004; 1997 a et b) de l’IRSST et d’études portant d’une part, sur les situations vécues par des apprentis, et d’autre part, par des situations vécues par des formateurs. La première étude avait mené trois entreprises du secteur avicole, à contribuer au développement de formations et d’outils vidéo pour la prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques. Les contenus proposés visaient à soutenir le développement des savoir-faire de prudence dans la formation aux tâches de type répétitif. On sait par ailleurs, grâce à des études que …

Développement D'Un Outil D'Évaluation Des Mesures De Retenue Des Camions Aux Quais De Transbordement : Étude Préliminaire De L'Efficacité Des Cales De Roues Utilisées Pour Contrer Les Risques De Départ Inopiné Et De Glissement De La Semi-Remorque Lors Des Travaux De Transbordement, François Gauthier, Laurent Giraud, Réal Bourbonnière, Sylvain Bournival, Jean-Guy Richard, Renaud Daigle, Serge Massé

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce document est une annexe du rapport Développement d'un outil d'évaluation des mesures de retenue des camions aux quais de transbordement (R-381)

This document is an annex to the report Développement d'un outil d'évaluation des mesures de retenue des camions aux quais de transbordement (R-381)

Reproductibilité De La Relation Fréquence Cardiaque–Consommation D’Oxygène, François Trudeau, Danielle R. Bouchard

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La relation entre la fréquence cardiaque (Fc) et la consommation d’oxygène (VO₂) mesurée en laboratoire est couramment utilisée pour estimer la dépense énergétique d’un poste ou d’une tâche de travail. En déterminant cette relation en laboratoire sous forme d’une équation de régression, il est ensuite relativement facile et peu coûteux de mesurer sur le terrain la fréquence cardiaque et de déduire, par interpolation, la valeur de la consommation d’oxygène. Cependant, la fréquence cardiaque est par la suite évaluée à des moments de la journée qui ne correspondent pas nécessairement au moment où la relation VO₂/FC avait …

Évaluation D’Un Système D’Évacuation Des Gaz D’Échappement Lors De L’Entretien Des Chariots Élévateurs Au Propane, Brigitte Roberge, Luc Ménard, Alain Turcotte, Yves Beaudet, Louis Lazure

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La problématique de l’exposition au monoxyde de carbone (CO) est une préoccupation constante pour les intervenants en santé et en sécurité du travail au Québec. Ce gaz incolore et inodore est une des causes d’exposition pouvant mener à une intoxication reliée au travail notamment des mécaniciens lors des travaux d’entretien de moteurs à combustion interne alimentée au propane de chariots élévateurs. Parmi les travaux d’entretien, l’ajustement des systèmes de carburation et d’allumage de ces véhicules peut entraîner une exposition sévère au CO des mécaniciens. De façon générale, ces travaux d’entretien sont souvent exécutés chez le client, sans accès à des …

The Macarthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory As An Assessment Tool For Low-Income, African American Children, Elizabeth Waters Wooden

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of the MacArthur- Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) as an assessment tool for low-income, African American (AA) children. The data were from eighty-seven typically developing AA children, aged 8 to 30 months; these children were recruited from childcare centers that served low-income populations in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Each participant’s primary caregiver completed a biographical sketch and a CDI inventory. Two analyses were completed. The first analysis examined the distribution of the CDI scores relative to the child’s age, gender, birth order, and level of maternal education. The second analysis involved …

Racial Disparities, Birth Outcomes, And Changing Demographics Of East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, Misty D. Richard

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Racial and socioeconomic disparities persist throughout the country regardless of which specific disparity is studied; however, some geographic regions experience more significant racial disparities. East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana has a large racial disparity among birth outcomes. Many factors impact the degree of racial disparities, some of which include racial segregation, isolation, or centralization, access to and quality of medical care, and factors of the neighborhood environment. EBRP has undergone dramatic shifts in the demographics of its residents. The purpose of this dissertation was to study the demographic changes in the population; as well as to study the disparities among …

Effects Of Sprint Training On Extrarenal Potassium Regulation With Intense Exercise In Type 1 Diabetes, Alison R. Harmer, Patricia A. Ruell, Michael J. Mckenna, Donald J. Chisholm, Sandra K. Hunter, Jeanette M. Thom, Norman R. Morris, Jeff R. Flack

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Effects of sprint training on plasma K⁺ concentration ([K⁺]) regulation during intense exercise and on muscle Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase were investigated in subjects with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) under real-life conditions and in nondiabetic subjects(CON). Eight subjects with T1D and seven CON undertook 7 wk of sprint cycling training. Before training, subjects cycled to exhaustion at 130% peak O₂ uptake. After training, identical work was performed. Arterialized venous blood was drawn at rest, during exercise, and at recovery and analyzed for plasma glucose, [K⁺], Na⁺ concentration ([Na⁺]), catecholamines, …

Perforated Meckel's Diverticulitis Presenting As A Mesenteric Abscess: Case Report, Ronald Wasike, Hassan Saidi

General Surgery, East Africa

Only 2% of patients with Meckel’s diverticulae (MD) will manifest clinical problems. Diverticulitis occurs in approximately 10-20% of patients with symptomatic MD and more often in the elderly population. We report a case of Meckels diverticulitis presenting with perforation and mesenteric abscess in a young African man. The authors present information on diagnostic pitfalls and advise a lower threshold for consideration of MD as a differential diagnosis of acute right iliac fossa pain especially when the CT scan denotes a normal appendix in a male patient.

Limb-Shaking Transient Ischemic Attacks: Case Report And Review Of Literature, Saad Ali, Muhib Alam Khan, Bhojo Khealani

Section of Neurology

Background: Limb shaking Transient Ischemic Attack is a rare manifestation of carotid-occlusive disease. The symptoms usually point towards a seizure like activity and misdiagnosed as focal seizures. On careful history the rhythmic seizure like activity reveals no Jacksonian march mainly precipitated by maneuvers which lead to carotid compression. We here present a case of an elderly gentleman who was initially worked up as suffering from epileptic discharge and then later on found to have carotid occlusion.CASE PRESENTATION: Elderly gentleman presented with symptoms of rhythmic jerky movements of the left arm and both the lower limbs. Clinical suspicion of focal epilepsy …

Gift Authorship Practices - History, Trends And Remedies, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Proteomic Technologies To Identify Serum Glycoproteins For The Early Detection Of Liver And Prostate Cancers, Elizabeth Ellen Schwegler

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The application of proteomic technologies to identify serum glycoproteins is an emerging technique to identify new biomarkers indicative of disease severity. Many of these newly evolving protein-profiling methodologies have evolved from previous global protein expression profiling studies such as those involving SELDI-TOF-MS technologies. Though the SELDI approach could distinguish disease from normal by utilizing protein patterns as shown herein with the HCC study of chapter II, it was unable to offer sequence information on the selected peaks, and did not have the ability to analyze the entire dynamic range of the serum/plasma proteome. To address these deficiencies, new strategies that …

The Politics And Economics Of Health: A Cross-National Comparison Of Civic Engagement And Health Status, Suzanne J. Wood

School of Public Service Theses & Dissertations

Over the past two decades, various structural modifications associated with the provision of national health and its systems have been undertaken. The preponderance of liberalization experiences have occurred in the absence of epidemiological, political, or social considerations associated with adoption and implementation. Often, financial and political manipulation by international organizations and powerful foreign governments has served as the impetus for fundamental shifts leading to an asymmetrical distribution of resources by population density, geography, and along various socio-cultural boundaries. Consequently, structural adjustments have resulted in unpredictable and divergent outcomes with regard to health status. The question of whether or not health …

Measuring Tongue Movements During Speech: Adaptation Of A Magnetic Jaw-Tracking System, Christopher Dromey, Shawn Nissen, Petrea Nohr, Samuel G. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether measurements of tongue movement during speech could be obtained with an electronic device originally designed to record jaw movements via a magnetized pellet. The findings indicated that the system allowed basic quantification of tongue movements in a straightforward manner. The primary advantages of this system are that no distracting wires are attached to the pellet, and it is much less costly than other systems used for this purpose. Its main disadvantages are that it is unable to track multiple tongue fleshpoints simultaneously, lacks an anatomically based coordinate system, and the …

Understanding The Nature Of Surgical Excellence Using A Competency Modeling Approach, Hope S. Hanner-Bailey

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Currently, a thorough description of the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other personal characteristics (KSAOs) that distinguish an exceptional surgeon does not exist. This knowledge is pertinent to the development of selection, training, and performance assessment methods that can be used to develop high performing surgeons. Expert surgeons from around the country were recruited to participate in an interview to discuss the KSAOs (i.e., the competencies) needed to be exceptional in the field. A smaller number of novice surgeons were also interviewed. The expert interview data were distilled into a competency model that consists of ten competencies and patterns within the …

Providing A "Good Death": Critical Care Nurses' Suggestions For Improving End-Of-Life Care, Renea L. Beckstrand, Lynn Clark Callister, Karin T. Kirchhoff

Faculty Publications

• Background Providing appropriate end-of-life care has become a primary concern of nurses and the public. The highly technological critical care environment may not facilitate such care.
• Objective To collect suggestions from critical care nurses for improving end-of-life care in intensive care units.
• Methods A geographically dispersed, random sample of 1409 members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses was sent a 72-item survey on perceptions of end-of life care. The survey included a request for suggestions on ways to improve end-of life care.
• Results Of the 861 critical care nurses whoo responded to the survey, 485 offered 530 suggestions for …

Women Who Continue Hormone Replacement Therapy Despite Findings From The Women's Health Initiative, Catherine Margaret Greenblum

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Since the results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study were published in 2002, millions of women and their healthcare practitioners have had to re-examine decisions about the use of hormone replacement therapy. This level one descriptive study explored the characteristics of menopausal women who could not tolerate estrogen withdrawal and continued taking hormone replacement therapy despite findings of risk published in the Women's Health Initiative. The sample included the medical records of 1,195 patients in a single-physician OB-GYN practice in northeast Florida. All records of women with a birth date in 1954 or prior and a visit to the …

Mobile Applications That Empower People To Monitor Their Personal Health, Kay Connelly, A M. Faber, Y Rogers, Katie Siek, Tammy Toscos Phd

Health Services and Informatics Research

Researchers have an opportunity to develop assistive applications that empower people to change unhealthy habits through monitoring their behavior. Mobile applications can enhance self-monitoring by providing real-time feedback and employing persuasive technology. The projects presented demonstrate the potential of persuasive, assistive applications for both chronically ill and healthy individuals.

Molecular Characterization Of A Tsetse Fly Midgut Proteolytic Lectin That Mediates Differentiation Of African Trypanosomes, Laila U. Abubakar, Wallace D. Bulimo, Francis J. Mulaa, Ellie O. Osir

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Differentiation of bloodstream-form trypanosomes into procyclic (midgut) forms is an important first step in the establishment of an infection within the tsetse fly. This complex process is mediated by a wide variety of factors, including those associated with the vector itself, the trypanosomes and the bloodmeal. As part of an on-going project in our laboratory, we recently isolated and characterized a bloodmeal-induced molecule with both lectin and trypsin activities from midguts of the tsetse fly, Glossina longipennis [Osir, E.O., Abubakar, L., Imbuga, M.O., 1995. Purification and characterization of a midgut lectin-trypsin complex from the tsetse fly, Glossina longipennis. Parasitol. Res. …

Communication On A Health-Related Website Offering Therapeutic Support: Phase 1 Of The Heartnet Website, Leesa N. Bonniface, Lelia Rosalind Green, Maurice G. Swanson

Research outputs pre 2011

This paper investigates the usefulness of a modest-budget website set up to support people recovering from heart-related incidents through a combination of all or some of the following: surgery, drugs, and lifestyle change. Online communities have been shown to offer support for their members. Ideally, the members of this experimental site would eventually constitute an online community. Effective interaction and personal communication indicate that an online community is developing. The opposite is also true: declining and aborted exchanges might indicate a failure to establish community. This paper reports on the first eight weeks of the experimental website HeartNET. As a …

Paramedics And Pre-Hospital Management Of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis And Reperfusion, Steven Johnston, Richard Brightwell, Melanie Ziman

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper, we discuss and critically analyse pre-hospital management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It is clear from several large studies that rapid diagnosis and application of thrombolysis reduces morbidity and mortality rates. Strategies that improve time to treatment in the pre-hospital setting are therefore of fundamental importance in the management of this fatal disease. The advantage of 12 lead electrocardiography use by paramedics to diagnose AMI and reduce time to treatment is discussed. Moreover, paramedic application of thrombolysis in the pre-hospital environment is examined. Several studies conducted worldwide support the notion that ambulance services can play a role …

Producing Safety: Evaluating Structuration Theory As A Framework For Exploring The Values In Action Within The Civil Construction Industry In Wa, Susanne Bahn, Llandis Barratt-Pugh

Research outputs pre 2011

In this paper we argue that occupational safety and health (OS&H) in the workplace is a production of values in action. We propose that such relations may best be explored through the structuration lens generated by Giddens (1984). We both use structuration theory to conceptualise the relations that produce safety and evaluate the utility of the theory as a research framework. We provide a detailed discussion of the context of, and rationale for a proposed study. The paper then analyses the components of structuration theory and frames the production of safety within these conceptual relations. The paper argues that the …

Sports Science Roundtable: Does Sports Science Research Influence Practice?, David Bishop, Angus Burnett, Damien Farrow, Tim Gabbett, Robert Newton

Research outputs pre 2011

As sports scientists, we claim to make a signifi cant contribution to the body of knowledge that infl uences athletic practice and performance. Is this the reality? At the inaugural congress of the Australian Association for Exercise and Sports Science, a panel of well-credentialed academic experts with experience in the applied environment debated the question, Does sports-science research influence practice? The fi rst task was to defi ne “sports-science research,” and it was generally agreed that it is concerned with providing evidence that improves sports performance. When practices are equally effective, sports scientists also have a role in identifying practices …

Literacy And Recent History Of Diarrhoea Are Predictive Of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitaemia In Kenyan Adults, Rodney Coldren, Trish Prosser, Fredrick Ogolla, Victor Ofula

Research outputs pre 2011

Background - Malaria is one of the most serious health problems in Kenya. In 2004, the Kenya Medical Research Institute and the US Army Medical Research Unit – Kenya surveyed adults in Samburu, Malindi, and Busia districts to determine socioeconomic risk factors for infection.

Methods - Sociodemographic, health, and antimalarial data were collected along with blood for malaria testing. A smear was considered negative only if no Plasmodium falciparum parasites were observed in 100 high-powered fields. Univariate analysis was performed with Pearson's Chi-square test and univariate logistic regression. A multivariate logistic regression model was then created which included only variables …