Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Eimeria Adenoeides Challenge Upon The Course Of An Experimental Salmonella Enteritidis Infection In Turkey Poults, Ventsislav Koinarski, Mihni Lyutskanov, Valentina Urumova

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to perform a controlled experiment in order to evaluate the predisposing role of Eimeria adenoeides invasion on the appearance, development and severity of a Salmonella Enteritidis infection, with both infectious agents being field isolates obtained from spontaneous cases of the disease. Furthermore, we aimed to examine the principal epidemiological parameters of the mixed infection. The effect of an experimental Eimeria adenoeides invasion upon an artificial S. Enteritidis infection was studied in 160 turkey poults. The birds were divided into 4 experimental groups. Group 1 was infected with Eimeria adenoeides. Group 2 was infected …

Effect Of Energy Deficiency During Late Pregnancy In Chios Ewes On Free Fatty Acids, \Beta-Hydroxybutyrate And Urea Metabolites, Mehmet Hani̇fi̇ Durak, Ayşen Altiner

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Pregnant Chios ewes with high twin-lambing rates fed a low energy ration during the final periods of pregnancy were studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether pregnancy toxemia occurred in these ewes by monitoring the changes in the concentrations of serum free fatty acids (FFAs), plasma \beta -hydroxybutyrate (\beta -HB) and urea. Thirty-eight Chios ewes were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups: pregnant normal energy (PNE), pregnant low energy (PLE), and non-pregnant normal energy (N-PNE). On day 105 of gestation, the animals were begun to be fed with the treatment rations. The feeding regime was …

Pathological And Immunohistochemical Investigation Of Naturally Occurring Systemic Candida Albicans Infection In Dogs, Recai̇ Tunca, Tolga Güvenç, Rifki Haziroğlu, Lale Ataseven, Hasan Özen, Ni̇hat Toplu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Systemic candidiasis is a rare disease of animals. In this study, the clinical course, and cultural and pathological findings of systemic candidiasis are described and presumed predisposing factors are investigated in 3 dogs. Pathologically, pyogranulomatous lesions in various organs were present in all dogs. Blastospores, pseudohyphae, and true hyphae of Candida albicans were observed with periodic acid Schiff, Gomori's methenamine silver, and immunohistochemistry. Administrations of broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids and, in one dog, parvoviral infection were thought to be predisposing factors leading to opportunistic infection. The combined effect of immunosuppressants and antibiotics might have led to Candida colonization and dissemination …

Determination Of Optimum Pre-Slaughter Feed Withdrawal Time In Broiler Chickens And Its Effect On Meat Yield, Microbiological Composition Of Gut Content And Microbiological Quality Of The Carcass, Erol Şengör, Mehmet Yardimci, Belgi̇n Siriken, Zehra A. Bozkurt, Mustafa Tekerli̇, Beytullah Kenar, E. Hesna Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to determine the optimum time of pre-slaughter feed withdrawal for broiler chickens to maintain profitable and hygienic meat production and to determine its effect on the meat yield, microbiological structure of gut content and microbiological quality of the carcass. A total of 100 birds were allocated to 4 identical 2 m^2 pens in a commercial broiler house, each pen housing 25 birds. The feed withdrawal durations were 18 h (group 1), 12 h (group 2), 6 h (group 3) and 0 h (group 4). The percentage live weight loss increased as the feed withdrawal period increased (P < 0.05). The meat yield in group 4 was lower than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). Full gizzard weight in group 1 was lower than that in groups 3 and 4, and group 2 parameters were lower than group 4 parameters (P < 0.05). Salmonella positive carcasses numbered 1 in group 1, 1 in group 2, 0 in group 3 and 2 in group 4. The only significant difference found among the groups was for coliform bacteria. The coliform count in group 1 (7.54 ± 0.100) was significantly different from that in group 2 (7.00 ± 0.159) and group 3 (7.08 ± 0.169) (P < 0.05).

Haematological And Coagulation Profiles During Severe Tropical Theileriosis In Cattle, Ramazan Çöl, Uğur Uslu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to measure selected haematological parameters in Holstein cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Haematological analysis indicated significant decreases in red blood cell count, haematocrit value, haemoglobin amount, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts. On the other hand, significant increases were seen in mean corpuscular volume and marked reticulocytosis in infected animals compared to the animals in the control (uninfected) group. In the coagulation profile, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were significantly prolonged, and platelet counts were significantly less in the infected group compared to those …

The Influence Of Cold Conditioning On The Performance Of The Broiler Chicken, Mehmet Yardimci, Erol Şengör, E. Hesna Şahi̇n, İsmai̇l Bayram, İ. Sadi̇ Çeti̇ngül

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effect of short-term cold exposure on the performance of 600 commercial Ross 308 male broiler chickens was examined. On the fifth and sixth days of life the trial group was exposed to 15 °C ambient temperature for 3 h, both days, while the control group was kept under conventional brooding conditions. Thereafter, both control and trial birds were exposed to standard rearing temperatures until the 21st day, and from the 21st day to slaughter they were exposed to 15 °C ambient temperature. The mortality rate was significantly lower in the trial group (5%) compared to the control group (11%). …

The Pathologic And Bacteriologic Comparison Of Pneumonia In Lambs, Ertan Oruç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The correlations between the bacteriologic agent of lamb pneumonia and its pathologic characters were investigated in this study. Pneumonia was detected in 262 (35.41%) of 740 diseased or dead lambs. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated in 114 cases (14.96% of all lamb deaths and 43.51% of all pneumonias). Lung lesions were histopathologically described as acute-catarrhal (17.56%), catarrhal-purulent (14.50%), purulent-necrotic (9.54%), fibrinous (26.72%), fibrinous-necrotic (5.73%), interstitial (18.32%), or verminous pneumonia (7.63%). In bacteriological studies, Mannheimia haemolytica (56.14%), E. coli (24.56%), and Pasteurella multocida (10.52%) were detected as important bacterial agents that caused different pneumonic lesions in lambs.

Ultrasonographic Monitoring Of Follicular Development, Ovulation And Corpora Lutea Formation In A Bitch, Kemal Eker, M. Rifat Salmanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Follicular development, ovulation and corpora lutea formation in a bitch were monitored daily by ultrasonography using a 8-MHz linear transducer. These findings were compared with vaginal cytology and changes in the peripheral serum concentrations of oestradiol-17\beta and progesterone. The follicles were identified as anechoic spherical structures on day 6 of prooestrus. The numbers of follicles imaged on day 6 of prooestrus were 3 on the left ovary and 3 on the right ovary. The average follicular size was 0.67 ± 0.06 cm on the right ovary and 0.48 ± 0.02 cm on the left ovary during the follicular phase. Apparent …

Serum Iron, Total Iron-Binding Capacity, Unbound Iron-Binding Capacity, Transferrin Saturation, Serum Copper, And Hematological Parameters In Pregnant Akkaraman Ewes Infected With Gastro-Intestinal Parasites, Süleyman Kozat, Nazmi̇ Yüksek, Yaşar Göz, İhsan Keleş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate serum iron parameters, and copper and iron deficiency anemia in ewes infected with gastro-intestinal parasites. This study was conducted with 60 pregnant Akkaraman ewes. In the statistical analyses, values obtained from both parasite infected and uninfected ewes were compared. Significant decreases were observed in PCV (P < 0.05), Hb (P < 0.05), RBC (P < 0.05), total protein (P < 0.05), albumin (P < 0.05), globulin (P < 0.05), and MCHC (P < 0.01), and a significant increase was seen in the WBC value (P < 0.05) in the parasite infected group. Furthermore, the parasite infected group had lower serum Fe (P < 0.001), TS % (P < 0.001), and serum Cu (P < 0.01) levels, and had higher UIBC values (P < 0.05) compared to the values obtain from the uninfected group. Therefore, in addition to antiparasite drug treatment in parasite infected pregnant ewes, iron preparations should also be administered in order to treat iron deficiency.

The Effect Of Age On Slaughter And Carcass Characteristics In Male Zavot Cattle, Ali̇ Riza Aksoy, Turgut Kirmizibayrak, Mustafa Saatci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the effect of age on male Zavot cattle for slaughter and carcass characteristics. For this aim, 18 male Zavot cattle were divided equally into groups 1, 2 and 3 containing animals 6, 18 and 30 months old, respectively. The fattening period lasted 162 days and there was a 14-day adaptation period. Individual ad-libitum feeding was used during the experiment. At the end of the fattening period, the mean liveweight of groups 1, 2 and 3 was 202.9, 327.3 and 348.5 kg; hot carcass weight was 106.3, 190.7 and 197.2 kg; and the dressing …

Evaluation Of Various Antibiotic Treatments In Calves With Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis, Murat Ki̇bar, K. Semi̇h Gümüşsoy, Ahmet Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine whether subconjunctival administration of enrofloxacin could ameliorate a herd outbreak of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) and to compare the efficacy of this regimen with the efficacy of subconjunctival administration of a combination of penicillin+streptomycin. The calves were assigned to 1 of 3 groups at the beginning of the study, and were examined 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. Calves in group 1 (n = 12) were treated with the subconjunctival administration of a combination of penicillin+streptomycin. This treatment consisted of 3 subconjunctival injections of penicillin+streptomycin every 48 h. Calves in group 2 …

\Beta-Lactoglobulin Variants In Awassi And Morkaraman Sheep And Their Association With The Composition And Rennet Clotting Time Of The Milk, Şerafetti̇n Çeli̇k, Sali̇h Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, \beta-lactoglobulin (\beta-Lg) variants in Awassi and Morkaraman sheep were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their association with composition and rennet clotting time of the milk was estimated. Two alleles (A and B) and 3 different genotypes for \beta-Lg (AA, AB and BB) were observed in the whey from both breeds. The frequencies of \beta-Lg alleles were estimated as A 0.63 and B 0.37 in the Awassi breed, and A 0.56 and B 0.44 in the Morkaraman breed. These results indicate high \beta-A frequencies in both sheep breeds. Significant relationships were obtained between \beta-Lg variants and some …

Antigenic Diversity Of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Viruses (Bvdv) Isolated In Turkey, Kadi̇r Yeşi̇lbağ, İbrahi̇m Burgu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Sixty BVDV field strains isolated from different regions of Turkey were antigenically characterised with a panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to viral proteins E2 and NS2-3. MAb recognition patterns were detected by an indirect peroxidase-linked antibody assay and data were subjected to computer analysis for discussing herd specificity of viral strains isolated from immunotolerant, persistently infected (IPI) cattle. For that purpose, phylogenic and statistical analyses were performed. A high level of antigenic diversity was detected among the isolates. Diversity was also exhibited in IPI strains originating from the same herd. In some herds, viruses were divided into 2 …

Isoprenoid Analogs As Chemical Genetic Tools To Provide Insights Into Farnesyl Transferase Target Selection And Cellular Activity, Jerry Troutman

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Protein farnesylation is an essential post-translational modification required for the function of numerous cellular proteins including the oncoprotein Ras. The farnesyl transferase (FTase) catalyzed reaction is unique because farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), the farnesyl group donor for the reaction, forms a significant portion of a target protein binding site. The major goal of this research was to exploit this unique property of the FTase reaction and determine if changing the structure of the farnesyl donor group would affect FTase protein targeting. A small library of structural analogues of FPP was synthesized. Michelis-Menten steady-state kinetic analyses and competition reactions were used to …

Optimal Characteristics For Happy And Satisfying Marriages, Britni J. Anderson

Graduate Research Papers

For many people, having a happy satisfying marriage is the ultimate goal in a marital relationship. However, what constitutes a happy marriage is not always clear. Many people go into marriage with high ideals and expectations, but without the reality that marriage is an entity in its own right that needs to be maintained daily. Communication, including conflict resolution, is a large part of a successful marriage. Other characteristics include sharing positive feelings, having more positive than negative interactions, having a solid friendship, maintaining a strong commitment, and staying focused on the positive aspects of the marriage. Marriage is difficult, …

Physical Fitness Of Children With Motor Learning Difficulties, Beth P. Hands, Dawne Larkin

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Children with motor learning difficulties (MLD) tend to be less physically active than their coordinated peers and one likely consequence is a reduced level of physical fitness. In this study, 52 children with MLD aged 5 to 8 years, were compared to 52 age- and gender-matched control children across a range of health and skill related fitness components. Analyses of variance revealed significantly lower scores in the group with MLD on the tests for cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, abdominal strength, speed, and power than the control group. Furthermore, the group with MLD had a significantly higher Body Mass Index (BMI). These …

Physical Activity Measurement Methods For Young Children: A Comparative Study, Beth P. Hands, Helen Parker, Dawne Larkin

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Many behavior patterns that impact on physical activity experiences are established in early childhood, therefore it is important that valid, reliable, and feasible measures are developed to identify children who are not developing appropriate and healthy activity habits. In this study, measures of physical activity derived by accelerometry and pedometry are compared with direct observation for twenty-four 5- and 6-year-old children. The children were monitored for 30 minutes over five consecutive days during a 30 minute free play session in their pre-primary setting. The results for all measures were significantly correlated. When compared to direct observation, the coefficient of determination …

J Am Coll Dent 2006 73 1

Journal of the American College of Dentists

The Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) publishes scholarly articles, editorials, essays, and reflections addressing the ethical, professional, and social dimensions of dentistry. The Journal serves as a forum for advancing ethics, professionalism, leadership, and excellence within the dental community. By fostering dialogue across disciplines and perspectives, JACD provides readers with insights that encourage ethical, professional practice, lifelong learning, and service to the public, reinforcing dentistry’s commitment to advancing oral healthcare and the common good.

The Physical And Psychosocial Health Status Of Clients With Spinal Cord Injury Awarded Damages In Litigation, Irmo Marini, Eva Miller

School of Rehabilitation Services & Counseling Faculty Publications

As the specialization of life care planning continues to evolve, a greater emphasis is occurring from both within the discipline and externally for empirically driven data to support life care planner opinions. One area remaining unresolved pertains to life care planners’ knowledge of how, or if, their life care plan has been implemented post-settlement. A related area pertains to the daily physical and psychosocial health issues of persons with spinal cord injury which can impact the development of their life care plan. The present pilot study explored injury related characteristics and the post-settlement expenditures of former life care plan clients …

Suppression Of The Tumorigenic Phenotype In Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells By An Ethanol Extract Derived From Freeze-Dried Black Raspberries, Kapila A. Rodrigo, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Robert J. Renner, Steven J. Schwartz, Qingguo Tian, Peter R. Larsen, Susan R. Mallery

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Despite focused efforts to improve therapy, 5-yr survival rates for persons with advanced-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remain discouragingly low. Clearly, early detection combined with strategies for local intervention, such as chemoprevention prior to SCC development, could dramatically improve clinical outcomes. Previously conducted oral cavity human chemoprevention trials, however, have provided mixed results. Although some therapies showed efficacy, they were often accompanied by either significant toxicities or circulating antiadenoviral antibodies. It is clearly apparent that identification of nontoxic, effective treatments is essential to prevent malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasias. This study employed cell lines isolated from human oral …

Soft Tissue To Hard Tissue Advancement Ratios For Mandibular Elongation Using Distraction Osteogenesis In Children, Michael B. Melugin, Pamela R. Hanson, Christopher A. Bergstrom, William I. Schuckit, T. Gerard Bradley

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Distraction osteogenesis is extensively used for the elongation of hypoplastic mandibles in children, yet the soft tissue profile response to this is not well understood. The pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 27 pediatric patients who underwent bilateral mandibular elongation using distraction osteogenesis were analyzed retrospectively to correlate horizontal soft tissue advancement with horizontal underlying bone advancement at B point and pogonion. Horizontal advancement (in millimeters) of bone and overlying soft tissue at these points was collected from the radiographs of each patient, and linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship of hard to soft tissue horizontal …

Clinical And Experimental Applications Of Nir-Led Photobiomodulation, Kristina D. Desmet, David A. Paz, Jesse J. Corry, Janis T. Eells, Margaret T. T. Wong-Riley, Michele M. Henry, Ellen V. Buchmann, Mary P. Connelly, Julia V. Dovi, Huan Ling Liang, Diane S. Henshel, Ronnie L. Yeager, Deborah S. Millsap, Jinhwan Lim, Lisa J. Gould, Rina Das, Marti Jett, Brian D. Hodgson, David Margolis, Harry T. Whelan

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

This review presents current research on the use of far-red to near-infrared (NIR) light treatment in various in vitro and in vivo models. Low-intensity light therapy, commonly referred to as “photobiomodulation,” uses light in the far-red to near-infrared region of the spectrum (630–1000 nm) and modulates numerous cellular functions. Positive effects of NIR–light-emitting diode (LED) light treatment include acceleration of wound healing, improved recovery from ischemic injury of the heart, and attenuated degeneration of injured optic nerves by improving mitochondrial energy metabolism and production. Various in vitro and in vivo models of mitochondrial dysfunction were treated with a variety of …

Wavelet Analysis In Virtual Colonoscopy, Sharon Greenblum, Jiang Li, Adam Huang, Ronald M. Summers, Armando Manduca (Ed.), Amir A. Amini (Ed.)

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The computed tomographic colonography (CTC) computer aided detection (CAD) program is a new method in development to detect colon polyps in virtual colonoscopy. While high sensitivity is consistently achieved, additional features are desired to increase specificity. In this paper, a wavelet analysis was applied to CTCCAD outputs in an attempt to filter out false positive detections. 52 CTCCAD detection images were obtained using a screen capture application. 26 of these images were real polyps, confirmed by optical colonoscopy and 26 were false positive detections. A discrete wavelet transform of each image was computed with the MATLAB wavelet toolbox using the …

Automatic Colonic Polyp Detection Using Multiobjective Evolutionary Techniques, Jiang Li, Adam Huang, Jianhua Yao, Ingmar Bitter, Nicholas Petrick, Ronald M. Summers, Perry J. Pickhardt, J. Richard Choi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Colonie polyps appear like elliptical protrusions on the inner wall of the colon. Curvature based features for colonie polyp detection have proved to be successful in several computer-aided diagnostic CT colonography (CTC) systems. Some simple thresholds are set for those features for creating initial polyp candidates, sophisticated classification scheme are then applied on these polyp candidates to reduce false positives. There are two objective functions, the number of missed polyps and false positive rate, that need to be minimized when setting those thresholds. These two objectives conflict and it is usually difficult to optimize them both by a gradient search. …

Hybrid Committee Classifier For A Computerized Colonic Polyp Detection System, Jiang Li, Jianhua Yao, Nicholas Petrick, Ronald M. Summers, Amy K. Hara, Joseph M. Reinhardt (Ed.), Josien P.W. Pluim (Ed.)

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We present a hybrid committee classifier for computer-aided detection (CAD) of colonic polyps in CT colonography (CTC). The classifier involved an ensemble of support vector machines (SVM) and neural networks (NN) for classification, a progressive search algorithm for selecting a set of features used by the SVMs and a floating search algorithm for selecting features used by the NNs. A total of 102 quantitative features were calculated for each polyp candidate found by a prototype CAD system. 3 features were selected for each of 7 SVM classifiers which were then combined to form a committee of SVMs classifier. Similarly, features …

Relationship Between Antipyretic Effects And Cytokine Levels In Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria During Different Treatment Regimes, Elisabeth Hugosson, Scott M. Montgomery, Zul Premji, Marita Troye-Blomberg, Anders Bjorkman

Pathology, East Africa

We have previously shown that both chloroquine and paracetamol (acetaminophen) have antipyretic activity during treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children 1-4 years old. Here, we studied if this effect was accompanied by changes in plasma cytokine levels. The 104 children were treated with either chloroquine or sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) alone, SP + chloroquine or SP + paracetamol for 4 days. Cytokine levels were determined days 0, 2 and 3, body temperature every sixth hour until 72 h and parasitemia once daily for 4 days. At admission, body temperature correlated with levels of IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-6, and parasitemia …

Exploring Young People's Concepts Of Smoking Addiction: Perceived Opportunities To Try Smoking Without Becoming Addicted, Calvin Wang

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This study explores how young people conceptualise addiction to smoking and, also the relationship between young people's addiction beliefs and intentions to smoke cigarettes. Addiction to smoking is a major health problem, not just for adults, but also for young smokers, up to 60% of whom are dependent on nicotine. However, anti-smoking prevention efforts targeted at young people generally emphasise ill-health effects and little attention is paid to addiction education which is generally considered relevant only to adult smoking and cessation efforts. Perhaps as a consequence, young people appear to have many misconceptions and unrealistic ideas about addiction, and these …

Effects Of Hypoxia On Exercise Induced Muscle Damage, Trevor M. Farr

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The present study investigated the hypothesis that maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) peak torque, VJ, muscle tenderness, and plasma creatine activity would be significantly less for the condition that subjects were exposed to hypoxic (H) condition for 4 hours after eccentric exercise compared with the normoxic (N) condition.

Confined Space Fatalities, Ciaran Maccarron

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The extent of work related fatal accidents has been analysed statistically by agencies throughout the world. As a result of this analysis there is a wealth of information available categorised by industry types, sub-industry, occupation, sex, age, nature of occurrence, bodily location, agency of occurrence and mechanism of injury. It is however extremely difficult to identify information pertaining to confined space fatalities such as contributory factors, mechanisms of injury and other data of an epidemiological nature.

Psycho-Social Consequences Of Secondary Infertility In Karachi., Neelofar Sami, Tazeen Saeed Ali

Community Health Sciences

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the experiences of social consequences among women suffering from secondary infertility.

METHODS:

Descriptive case series of 400 women with secondary infertility attending tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan.

RESULTS:

More than two thirds (67.7%) of women stated that their inability to give live births or give birth to sons had resulted in marital dissonance. The respondents had been threatened for divorce (20%), husband's remarrying (38%) or to be returned to their parent's home (26%) by their in laws or husbands. Majority (68%) of the women threatened did not have any live births. However, those who had live …