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2006

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Articles 2191 - 2220 of 2765

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Tap And Reposition Youth (Try): Providing Social Support, Savings, And Microcredit Opportunities For Young Women In Areas With High Hiv Prevalence, Annabel Erulkar, Judith Bruce, Erica Chong, Aleke Dondo, Jennefer Sebstad, James K. Matheka, Arjmand Banu Khan, Anne Gathuku Jan 2006

Tap And Reposition Youth (Try): Providing Social Support, Savings, And Microcredit Opportunities For Young Women In Areas With High Hiv Prevalence, Annabel Erulkar, Judith Bruce, Erica Chong, Aleke Dondo, Jennefer Sebstad, James K. Matheka, Arjmand Banu Khan, Anne Gathuku

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Nairobi, Kenya is home to one of the largest slum populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Adolescents living in these slums, especially girls, are cut off from the potentially protective environments of school and family and lack safe economic opportunities. Unemployment is a major concern for adolescent girls, and desperate circumstances force them to survive however they can: 21 percent of sexually active girls aged 15–19 report exchanging sex for money or gifts. This heightened vulnerability is reflected in rates of HIV infection. In response to these circumstances, the Population Council and microfinance institution K-Rep Development Agency collaborated on the implementation of …

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Influencing Girls' Lives: Acceptability And Effectiveness Of A Livelihoods Skill Building Intervention In Gujarat, Sewa, Sewa Academy, Shveta Kalyanwala, Rajib Acharya, Sunetra Deshpande Jan 2006

Influencing Girls' Lives: Acceptability And Effectiveness Of A Livelihoods Skill Building Intervention In Gujarat, Sewa, Sewa Academy, Shveta Kalyanwala, Rajib Acharya, Sunetra Deshpande

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), a key Indian micro-finance nongovernmental organization, in partnership with the Population Council, undertook a pilot livelihoods skill-building program to support adolescent girls aged 13–19 years (mostly unmarried, in school and out of school). Like other such programs, this livelihoods program focused on exposing girls to new ideas, building social networks, exposing them to the world around them, and providing the technical skills needed to enhance their access to income generating opportunities. The study’s findings are mixed, but suggest that a life and livelihoods skill-building intervention program for girls is acceptable to adolescents (and their …

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Poverty, Wealth Inequality, And Health Among Older Adults In Rural Cambodia, Zachary Zimmer Jan 2006

Poverty, Wealth Inequality, And Health Among Older Adults In Rural Cambodia, Zachary Zimmer

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This working paper examines the distribution of household wealth and tests whether associations exist between wealth inequality and health outcomes among older adults living in one of the world’s poorest regions, rural Cambodia. Results confirm difficult economic conditions among most elderly in rural Cambodia. This study suggests there is some validity to generalizing the relationship between wealth inequality and health to extremely poor populations and that a very small difference in wealth makes a relatively large difference in regard to the association with health among those living in impoverished surroundings.

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Racial Disparities In Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Body Mass Index In Men And Women: A Subject-Level Meta-Analysis, Jill Abell Jan 2006

Racial Disparities In Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Body Mass Index In Men And Women: A Subject-Level Meta-Analysis, Jill Abell

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Introduction The prevalence of obesity is increasing in all segments of the population. While excess body mass is associated with increased disease risks, the magnitude of the risks are unclear from existing studies. In this dissertation we examine the association between BMI and cardiovascular outcomes, CHD, stroke and CVD mortality and blood pressure in four gender-race subgroups. Methods This study uses Black Pooling Project data which includes subject level data on 27,691 men and women and 450,962 person-years of follow-up. Analysis includes linear regression and Cox Proportional Hazard models and is gender-race specific. Subject-level meta-analysis is used to obtain overall …

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Hypoxic Preconditioning Of Embryonic Stem Cells: A Novel Transplantation Strategy To Improve Recovery After Stroke, Michelle Hedrick Theus Jan 2006

Hypoxic Preconditioning Of Embryonic Stem Cells: A Novel Transplantation Strategy To Improve Recovery After Stroke, Michelle Hedrick Theus

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Embryonic stem (ES) cell transplantation therapy offers a novel therapeutic alternative for ameliorating the pathologic consequences of cerebral ischemia. The success of ES cell transplantation therapy relies not only on initial survival in the post-ischemic brain but also on whether or not these cells will reliably differentiate into the appropriate neuronal phenotypes required for cerebral repair. To address both issues, the present study investigates the neural differentiation of retinoic acid treated ES cells and how activating signaling pathways common in response to hypoxia can impact their usefulness as graft material intended to repair, replace and restore function after stroke. These …

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The Prevalence Of The Need For Esthetic Crown Lengthening In Post Orthodontically Treated Subjects, Bryan Marc Konikoff Jan 2006

The Prevalence Of The Need For Esthetic Crown Lengthening In Post Orthodontically Treated Subjects, Bryan Marc Konikoff

Theses and Dissertations

Prevalence information on excessive gingival display in post-orthodontic patients is limited. By studying one aspect, namely the size relationship of the clinical crowns of teeth, in an orthodontic population, we can begin to quantify their need for periodontal plastic surgery. In this two part study, 200 plaster models were used as subjects, followed by a clinical exam of 31 of those subjects. These models represented patients before and directly after orthodontic therapy, and the Part 2 clinical exams were performed at least five years later. The lengths and widths of the six anterior teeth were measured and these values were …

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Brugia Phangi: Effects Of Third Stage Larvae Es Immunization On Early Migration And Parasite Establishment In Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones Unguiculatus), Ginger Ann Robertson Jan 2006

Brugia Phangi: Effects Of Third Stage Larvae Es Immunization On Early Migration And Parasite Establishment In Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones Unguiculatus), Ginger Ann Robertson

LSU Master's Theses

Brugia infections occur via the bite of an infected mosquito. Third stage infective larvae (L3) deposited on the skin during feeding migrate into the bite wound, through skin and into the lymphatic system. It is hypothesized that L3 excretory/secretory products (ES) are important in this initial phase of the infection. A model for these early migrations has been established by inoculating L3s into the dermis (ID) of the permissive gerbil host. In this model, most L3s injected ID in the louer hind limb travel to the popliteal lymph node by 3 days post infection. Adult parasites are located primarily in …

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Effect Of Vaccination Of Goats With H-Gal-Gp And H11 Antigens From Intestinal Membrane Cells Of Haemonchus Contortus, Donya Dupree Olcott Jan 2006

Effect Of Vaccination Of Goats With H-Gal-Gp And H11 Antigens From Intestinal Membrane Cells Of Haemonchus Contortus, Donya Dupree Olcott

LSU Master's Theses

Extracts of adult Haemonchus contortus were purified and used as a vaccine against the blood feeding parasite in goats as previously studied in sheep. The proteins used were H11 and H-gal-GP, hidden gut antigens from the microvillar membrane of the gut of the worm and combined with Quil A as adjuvant, then administered to a group of goats kept on concrete then artificially infected with H. contortus. The control group received Quil A injections and also infected. This study was performed to analyze the effects of the H11/H-gal-GP vaccine when given to goats as compared to sheep. The trial showed …

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Validity Of The Reflux Symptoms Index For Post-Pubescent Female Vocalists, Natalie Herpin Overall Jan 2006

Validity Of The Reflux Symptoms Index For Post-Pubescent Female Vocalists, Natalie Herpin Overall

LSU Master's Theses

The Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI), a nine-item self-rated questionnaire, has been suggested as a way of monitoring severity of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms during treatment. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the validity of the RSI as a way of identifying severity of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms as differentiated from gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms. Twenty-five post-pubescent female vocalists participated by completing a one-hour voice evaluation, including a Voice Handicap Index (VHI), an RSI, a Reflux Finding Score (RFS) completed with videostroboscopy for visualization of the laryngeal cavity, and analysis of an acoustic sample with the Multi-Dimensional Voice Profile …

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Characterizing Salmonella Fecal Shedding Among Racehorses In Louisiana, Anna Marie Chapman Jan 2006

Characterizing Salmonella Fecal Shedding Among Racehorses In Louisiana, Anna Marie Chapman

LSU Master's Theses

Salmonella is an important intestinal pathogen in horses capable of infecting populations without demonstrating clinical illness. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella fecal shedding among racehorses in Louisiana. Three serial fecal samples were collected from 429 Thoroughbred horses housed at four racetracks. Feces were tested for Salmonella by microbiologic culture with selective primary enrichment and delayed secondary enrichment (DSE). Samples were also evaluated for the presence of Salmonella by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genus-specific oligonucleotide primers. A total of 7 (1.6%) horses were positive for Salmonella by either primary bacterial culture or DSE and an …

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Genetically Modified Ifn-Alpha For Gene Therapy Treatment Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Ryan Craig Jan 2006

Genetically Modified Ifn-Alpha For Gene Therapy Treatment Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Ryan Craig

LSU Master's Theses

In the last twenty years, interferon-α (IFN-α) has gained success as an immunotherapy for treating such cancers as hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, and renal cell cancer. Our goal was to improve the effectiveness of IFN-α therapy by genetically modified the IFN-α gene to encode a tumor-targeting peptide fused to a functional IFN-α protein. To ensure the targeting peptide worked, a genetically modified reporter gene encoding a secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) gene and different mini-peptides were used to determine distribution and targeting ability. The DNA fragment encoding the most effective peptide was selected to modify the IFN-α gene construct for …

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Cervical Cancer Screening For Hiv-Infected Women In Zambia., Vikrant Sahasrabuddhe Jan 2006

Cervical Cancer Screening For Hiv-Infected Women In Zambia., Vikrant Sahasrabuddhe

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

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Underlying Purinergic Signaling Important For Monociliumdependent Signaling In Ductal Epithelia: Implications For Polycystic Kidney Disease, Michael Hovater Jan 2006

Underlying Purinergic Signaling Important For Monociliumdependent Signaling In Ductal Epithelia: Implications For Polycystic Kidney Disease, Michael Hovater

All ETDs from UAB

This thesis concerns purinergic signaling in renal epithelial cells of normal and polycystic kidneys. The first section discusses first principles of “purinergic signaling” as they relate to the nephron and the urinary bladder. Remodeled and encapsulated cysts in autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) and remodeled “pseudocysts” in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) of the renal collecting duct create an ideal microenvironment for purinergic signaling. Once “trapped” in these microenvironments in a “closed system,” purinergic signaling becomes chronic and plays a significant epigenetic and detrimental role in the progression of ADPKD in particular, once the remodeling of the renal tissue has …

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Aberrant Expression Of Light And Its Associated Receptors In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Coeliac Disease, Eugene Dempsey Jan 2006

Aberrant Expression Of Light And Its Associated Receptors In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus And Coeliac Disease, Eugene Dempsey

Doctoral

Members of the TNF superfamily play important roles in the development and maintenance of an effective immune response. One such member of this superfamily, LIGHT, can act as a ligand for three receptors, HVEM, LT-R and DcR3. The engagement of LIGHT and HVEM, an important secondary signal for the full activation of T cells, results in a strong Th1 type response with increased production of cytokines such as INF--. The LIGHT-LT-R pathway plays a role in the recruitment of immune cells to sites of inflammation and can induce apoptosis in certain cells. DcR3, a soluble receptor, is speculated to function …

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Assessment Of District Health Supervisory System, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Assessment Of District Health Supervisory System, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project designed to reduce the country's maternal and neonatal mortality by making sure women have access to skilled birth attendants during childbirth and throughout the postpartum period. PAIMAN developed a community-based approach that provides a continuum of care to mothers and newborns through supportive linkages from home care to hospital-based care. Various assessments of the district health system suggest that it suffers from weaknesses that impair its efficiency, quality, and impact. Inefficient and ineffective supervision is one of the most important factors for the health sector’s poor performance. Effective, …

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Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Buner, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Buner, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

This summary report presents some of the key findings of a 2005 baseline household survey in Buner district, one of the ten districts in Pakistan that are the focus of the PAIMAN project. The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The project is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health (MNH) issues. PAIMAN district survey results are presented individually for each of the ten districts. PAIMAN developed a monitoring and evaluation plan …

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Baseline Household Survey: Buner District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Household Survey: Buner District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). PAIMAN is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health issues. USAID has provided a grant to implement PAIMAN in ten districts of Pakistan’s four provinces. The goal of the project is to reduce maternal, newborn, and child mortality. The project calls for a multipronged and integrated strategic approach combining individual health care with public health and community-based interventions. To ensure that success is properly …

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Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Jhelum, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Jhelum, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

This summary report presents some of the key findings of a 2005 baseline household survey in Jhelum district, one of the ten districts in Pakistan that are the focus of the PAIMAN project. The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The project is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health (MNH) issues. PAIMAN district survey results are presented individually for each of the ten districts. PAIMAN developed a monitoring and evaluation plan …

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Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Dg Khan, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Dg Khan, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

This summary report presents some of the key findings of a 2005 baseline household survey in Dera Ghazi Khan (DG Khan) district, one of the ten districts in Pakistan that are the focus of the PAIMAN project. The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The project is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health (MNH) issues. PAIMAN district survey results are presented individually for each of the ten districts. PAIMAN developed a …

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Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Lasbela, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Lasbela, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

This summary report presents some of the key findings of a 2005 baseline household survey in Lasbela district, one of the ten districts in Pakistan that are the focus of the PAIMAN project. The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The project is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health (MNH) issues. PAIMAN district survey results are presented individually for each of the ten districts. PAIMAN developed a monitoring and evaluation plan …

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Baseline Household Survey: Lasbela District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Household Survey: Lasbela District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). PAIMAN is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health issues. USAID has provided a grant to implement PAIMAN in ten districts of Pakistan’s four provinces. The goal of the project is to reduce maternal, newborn, and child mortality. The project calls for a multipronged and integrated strategic approach combining individual health care with public health and community-based interventions. To ensure that success is properly …

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Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Rawalpindi, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Rawalpindi, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

This summary report presents some of the key findings of a 2005 baseline household survey in Rawalpindi district, one of the ten districts in Pakistan that are the focus of the PAIMAN project. The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The project is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health (MNH) issues. PAIMAN district survey results are presented individually for each of the ten districts. PAIMAN developed a monitoring and evaluation plan …

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Baseline Household Survey: Dera Ghazi Khan District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Household Survey: Dera Ghazi Khan District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). PAIMAN is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health issues. USAID has provided a grant to implement PAIMAN in ten districts of Pakistan’s four provinces. The goal of the project is to reduce maternal, newborn, and child mortality. The project calls for a multipronged and integrated strategic approach combining individual health care with public health and community-based interventions. To ensure that success is properly …

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Baseline Household Survey: Rawalpindi District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Household Survey: Rawalpindi District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). PAIMAN is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health issues. USAID has provided a grant to implement PAIMAN in ten districts of Pakistan’s four provinces. The goal of the project is to reduce maternal, newborn, and child mortality. The project calls for a multipronged and integrated strategic approach combining individual health care with public health and community-based interventions. To ensure that success is properly …

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Baseline Household Survey: Khanewal District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Household Survey: Khanewal District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). PAIMAN is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health issues. USAID has provided a grant to implement PAIMAN in ten districts of Pakistan’s four provinces. The goal of the project is to reduce maternal, newborn, and child mortality. The project calls for a multipronged and integrated strategic approach combining individual health care with public health and community-based interventions. To ensure that success is properly …

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Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Dadu, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Dadu, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

This summary report presents some of the key findings of a 2005 baseline household survey in Dadu district, one of the ten districts in Pakistan that are the focus of the PAIMAN project. The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The project is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health (MNH) issues. PAIMAN district survey results are presented individually for each of the ten districts. PAIMAN developed a monitoring and evaluation plan …

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Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Jaffarabad, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Survey: Summary Report Of District Jaffarabad, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

This summary report presents some of the key findings of a 2005 baseline household survey in Jaffarabad district, one of the ten districts in Pakistan that are the focus of the PAIMAN project. The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The project is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health (MNH) issues. PAIMAN district survey results are presented individually for each of the ten districts. PAIMAN developed a monitoring and evaluation plan …

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Baseline Household Survey: Upper Dir District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman) Jan 2006

Baseline Household Survey: Upper Dir District, Pakistan Initiative For Mothers And Newborns (Paiman)

Reproductive Health

The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). PAIMAN is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health issues. USAID has provided a grant to implement PAIMAN in ten districts of Pakistan’s four provinces. The goal of the project is to reduce maternal, newborn, and child mortality. The project calls for a multipronged and integrated strategic approach combining individual health care with public health and community-based interventions. To ensure that success is properly …

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Egypt: Are Egyptian Couples Willing To Stop At Two Children? Results Of The Slow Fertility Transition Survey [Arabic], Population Council Jan 2006

Egypt: Are Egyptian Couples Willing To Stop At Two Children? Results Of The Slow Fertility Transition Survey [Arabic], Population Council

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.

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Building Capacity To Utilize Operations Research: Strategies And Lessons Learned, James R. Foreit Jan 2006

Building Capacity To Utilize Operations Research: Strategies And Lessons Learned, James R. Foreit

Reproductive Health

The effectiveness of development assistance depends on good decision-making. Many donors and international health agencies such as USAID, DFID, and WHO are placing more emphasis on the utilization of research results for policy and program development. Yet, while there is a long tradition of training researchers to produce research, there are few lessons on how to teach managers to request and use research results for making program decisions. Addressing this gap has been a major strategy of the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program (FRONTIERS). Since its inception in 1998, FRONTIERS has complemented its support for operations research (OR) …

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