Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Mental Health Assessment Of Minors In The Juvenile Justice System, Michael Jenuwine, Curtis Heaston, Diane N. Walsh, Gene Griffin

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Public Health And National Security In The Global Age: Infectious Diseases, Bioterrorism, And Realpolitik, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Racism Or Realpolitik? U.S. Foreign Policy And The Hiv/Aids Catastrophe In Sub-Saharan Africa, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Effects Of The Pesticides Atrazine, Metoachlor And Diazinon And Binary Mixtures On Proliferation Of Human Fibroblasts, Kavita R. Dhanwada, Yijun Deng, Maureen E. Clayton

International Journal of Global Health

The frequent and heavy use of pesticides in agriculture has led to the contamination of surface and ground waters worldwide. Many questions have arisen about the human health effects of exposure to these pesticides and their mixtures. Most of the information about the adverse human health effects due to environmental contaminants comes from studies that focus on exposure to single rather than multiple contaminants since many of the environmental regulations regarding levels of xenobiotic contamination refer only to individual compounds. In this study, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) cell proliferation assays were performed with normal human fibroblasts to test the toxicity …

Embedding Multicultural Competencies In Rehabilitation Psychology Practice, Richard H. Dana

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

This article identifies the several issues in the process of client assessments, especially for multicultural groups. The Multicultural Assessment-Intervention Process (MAIP) model is discussed as a useful tool for meeting these issues. The model's applications and specific procedural steps are discussed.

On Vs. Off: Coronary Bypass Surgery From A Patient's Perspective, Ann Steele

Honors Projects

Throughout the years, technological advances have changed the face of cardiac surgery, but at times, it is a return to a previous technique, which proves beneficial. Prior to the introduction of cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiac surgery was performed on a beating heart, but due to the lack of an appropriate immobilizing device, the surgery was extremely complicated. With the introduction of new stabilization devices, immobilization of the heart has become easier and beating heart surgery has gained popularity once again. Multiple studies have been done which discuss the benefits of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB), but none of the studies …

Oncolog, Volume 48, Number 01, January 2003, David Galloway, Stephanie Deming, Heather Russell

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Putting an End to the Waiting: Diagnosis Clinic Finds Answers for Patients When Cancer Is Suspected
• The Center for Research on Minority Health: Working with the Community to End Health Disparities
• Collaboration Between M. D. Anderson, University of Puerto Rico to Address Cancer in Minority Populations
• House Call: Diagnostic Imaging Tests: How They Work and What to Expect

Evidence-Based Development Of Health And Family Planning Programs In Bangladesh And Ghana, James F. Phillips, Tanya C. Jones, Frank K. Nyonator, Shruti Ravikumar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper describes two initiatives that have used experimental studies to guide the development of community-based health and family planning programs. In Bangladesh and Ghana, factorial experiments were implemented in stages. An exploratory phase developed a service system for community-based health care; an experimental phase assessed the demographic impact of the system; a replication phase examined the transferability of the experimental program to a non-research setting; and a scaling-up phase facilitated the extension of the new system to the national health care program. All stages were guided by research, with questions, mechanisms, and outcomes shifting as the process developed. Large-scale …

Determinants Of Old-Age Mortality In Taiwan, Zachary Zimmer, Linda G. Martin, Hui-Sheng Lin

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Relationships among socio-demographic characteristics, general assessments of health, and old-age mortality are well established in developed countries. There is also an increasing focus on the connection between early-life experiences and latelife health. This paper tests these and other associations using representative survey data from Taiwan on the population aged 60 and older in 1989, 1993, and 1996 that have been linked to data on deaths between 1989 and 1999 from a national death registry. The study also explores the possible influence of Taiwan’s Universal Health Insurance Program, instituted in 1995, and whether or not the survival of some groups of …

Estimating Mean Lifetime, John Bongaarts, Griffith Feeney

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The life expectancy implied by current age-specific mortality rates is calculated with life table methods that are among the oldest and most fundamental tools of demography. We demonstrate that these conventional estimates of period life expectancy are affected by an undesirable “tempo effect.” The tempo effect is positive when the mean age at death is rising and negative when the mean age is declining. Estimates of the effect for females in three countries with high and rising life expectancy range from 1.6 years in the United States and Sweden to 2.4 years in France for the period 1980-95.

Completing The Fertility Transition In The Developing World: The Role Of Educational Differences And Fertility Preferences, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This study summarizes patterns of educational differentials in wanted and unwanted fertility at different stages of the fertility transition based on data from DHS surveys in 57 less developed countries. As the transition proceeds, educational differentials in wanted fertility tend to decline and differentials in unwanted fertility tend to rise. An assessment of fertility patterns in more and less developed countries with low fertility concludes that these differentials are likely to remain substantial when less developed countries reach the end of their transitions. This finding implies that the educational composition of the population remains a key predictor of overall fertility …

The Ghana Community-Based Health Planning And Services Initiative: Fostering Evidence-Based Organizational Change And Development In A Resource-Constrained Setting, Frank K. Nyonator, John Koku Awoonor-Williams, James F. Phillips, Tanya C. Jones, Robert A. Miller

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Research projects demonstrating ways to improve health services often fail to have an impact on what national health programs actually do. An approach to evidence-based policy development has been launched in Ghana that bridges the gap between research and program implementation. The Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) initiative employs strategies tested in the successful Navrongo experiment to guide national health reforms that mobilize volunteers, resources, and cultural institutions to support community-based primary health care. Over the 1999 to 2002 period, 100 out of the 110 districts in Ghana adopted a CHPS initiative. This paper reviews features of the initiative …

Primary Schooling In Sub-Saharan Africa: Recent Trends And Current Challenges, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Paul C. Hewett

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

At the dawn of the twenty-first century we estimate that more than 37 million young adolescents aged 10-14 in sub-Saharan Africa will not complete primary school. Our estimates are based on data from nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys from 26 countries, collectively representing 83 percent of the sub-Saharan youth population. This number is nearly twice the entire population of children aged 10-14 in the United States, virtually all of whom will complete primary school. Reducing the number of uneducated African youth is a primary objective of the United Nations as laid out in the Millennium Development Goal for education, …

The Feasibility Of Computer-Assisted Survey Interviewing In Africa: Experience From Two Rural Districts In Kenya, Paul C. Hewett, Annabel Erulkar, Barbara Mensch

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper explores the use of an audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (audio-CASI) methodology in a household survey of adolescents in two districts of Kenya. Computer software was developed as part of a research project comparing audio-CASI with traditional methods of interviewing about sensitive behaviors, including sexual initiation, risky sexual behavior, coerced sex, and drug and alcohol use. The paper describes the experience of carrying out a household-based study using computers and explores the technical challenges faced by the data collection teams. Few problems emerged with the computer hardware and software, despite the difficult interviewing conditions. The adolescent respondents easily adapted to …

Condom Use And Abstinence Among Unmarried Young People In Zimbabwe: Which Strategy, Whose Agenda?, Ravai Marindo, Steve Pearson, John B. Casterline

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper compares the views about abstinence and condom use expressed by young people in Zimbabwe in focus-group discussions with the views underlying national policies and religious and traditional beliefs. Young people’s decisions to adopt one or the other of these risk-reduction strategies may not necessarily indicate genuine individual choices, but rather their deference to adults’ interests as they understand those interests. Policymakers and traditional and Christian leaders promote abstinence as the exclusive strategy for all young people, whereas nongovernmental organizations and the private sector promote condom use. Evidence from the focus-group discussions indicates that adolescents are aware of this …

Wage Work And Marriage: Perspectives Of Egyptian Working Women [Arabic], Sajeda Amin, Nagah Hassan Al Bassusi

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper explores young working women’s perceptions of marriage and work in contemporary Egypt at a time when an increase in age at marriage was evident from national survey data. Data from two nationally representative labor surveys, the Labor Force Sample Survey of 1988 and the Egypt Labor Market Survey of 1998, show that working conditions and employment opportunities declined significantly for young women even as their educational attainment increased. Indepth interviews were conducted with young women working in a range of salaried jobs in three locations: a rural village in Mansoura, a periurban district near Cairo, and in the …

Population And Development: An Introductory View, Geoffrey Mcnicoll

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

A brief overview of the relationships between population change and economic development, written for readers unfamiliar with the subject. The paper touches on the scale and pace of world development, the economic consequences of population size and rate of growth, patterns of demographic transition, and the scope for policy measures aimed at speeding that transition.

Population And Development: An Introductory View [Arabic], Geoffrey Mcnicoll

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

A brief overview of the relationships between population change and economic development, written for readers unfamiliar with the subject. The paper touches on the scale and pace of world development, the economic consequences of population size and rate of growth, patterns of demographic transition, and the scope for policy measures aimed at speeding that transition.

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2003), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2003 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates
• Student Research Prominent on PCOM Campus
• The Man who Launched a Thousand Careers
• The Next Generation of PCOM Leadership Emerges
• Alumni Association Revitalization
• Cover Story: Reaching Out
• Class Notes
• 56th Annual Alumni /Survivors Dinner Dance Awards
• In Memoriam
• My Turn
• PCOM Alumni Weekend 2003
• PCOM Events

Synapsis: Philadelphia Campus (2003), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

All Yearbooks

The 2003 Synapsis includes Trips, Parties, Skits, Dinner, Clubs, A Capella, American College Of Osteopathic Family Practitioners, ACOFP, AIDS Walk, American Medical Association Medical Student Society, AMA-MSS, Association Of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons, AMOPS, American Holistic Medical Association, AHMA, Asian Medical Health Association, AMHA, American Medical Student Association, AMSA, American Medical Women's Association, AMWA, Community Of Italian American Osteopaths, CIAO, Christian Medical And Dental Society, CMDS, Emergency Medicine, Internal Medicine, Pathology, Physicians for Social Responsibility, PSR, Emanuel Fliegelman Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jewish Physicians' Network, Basketball, La Cosa Nostra, Study Buddy, Robert Berger DO, Pediatrics, Phi Sigma Gamma, PSG, (ΦΣΓ), …

Physician Assistant Class Of 2003, Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

All Yearbooks

Includes the White Coat Ceremony, Retreat at Camp Ockanickon, National Physician Assistant Day, Challenge Bowl Jeopardy, Halloween, Classroom candids, Christmas Party, PCOM Prom Night, Physician Assistant National Convention, Alumni Reception.

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: Activities Report 2003, Bridget Patrick

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial disease and poses a risk to domestic livestock, wildlife and public health in the United States (U.S). In 1917, the U.S. government began a comprehensive national bovine TB eradication program. The disease has been nearly eradicated from livestock in the U.S., but areas of infection resurface periodically. Michigan was declared free of bovine TB in 1975 and received Disease Free status in 1979. In 1975 a free-ranging white-tailed deer in Alcona County was confirmed to be bovine TB positive. It was thought to be an anomaly, and no policy was adopted to look …

The Risk Of Disease Transmission To Livestock Posed By Contamination Of Farm Stored Feed By Wildlife Excreta, M. J. Daniels, M. R. Hutchings, A. Greig

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Livestock feed is susceptible to contamination from wildlife excreta during on farm storage. Pathogens associated with diseases such as paratuberculosis, salmonella and cryptosporidiosis are present in wild rodent and bird excreta. Feed stores on four farms in the east of Scotland were monitored monthly over the winter of 1998/9 to quantify the levels of wildlife faecal contamination. A mean of 79.9 rodent (95% confidence interval: 37.5–165.9) and 24.9 (14.3–41.7) bird faeces were deposited per m² of stored feed per month. It was estimated that individual cattle and sheep could encounter 1,626 and 814 wildlife faeces over the winter.

A …

Are There “Hot Spots” Of Bovine Tuberculosis In The Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) Herd Of Northeastern Michigan?, Brandi Danielle Hughey

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

This project looks at whether high case frequency areas or “hot spots” of bovine tuberculosis (tb) exist in free ranging white-tailed deer in northeastern Michigan, and examines the factors associated with them. Michigan Department of Natural Resources researchers have been collecting deer heads annually since 1996 in the five county area of Alcona, Alpena, Montmorency, Oscoda, and Presque Isle as part of an effort to manage an outbreak of bovine tb in the wild white-tailed deer population. From these heads a database containing age, sex, and harvest or collection location information was constructed. The townships within these five counties were …

Aerosol Exposure Of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) To Mycobacterium Bovis, Mitchell V. Palmer, W. Ray Waters, Diana L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis affects both captive and free-ranging Cervidae in the United States. Various animal models have been developed to study tuberculosis of both humans and animals. Generally, tuberculosis is transmitted by aerosol and oral routes. Models of aerosol exposure of large animals to M. bovis are uncommon. In order to develop a reliable method of aerosol exposure of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to M. bovis, 12 healthy white-tailed deer, aged 8–10 mo, were infected by aerosol exposure to 2x10⁵ to 1x10⁶ colony forming units (CFU) (high dose, n=4) of M. bovis or …

Feral Swine - Are They A Disease Threat To Livestock In The United States?, Gary W. Witmer, Robert B. Sanders, Arnold C. Taft

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Feral swine populations provide both benefits and liabilities to citizens of the United States. Their expanding range and increasing densities, however, have raised concern over the adverse environmental and agricultural effects and the increased risk of disease transmission between feral swine and livestock. We discuss the role of feral swine in the transmission of wildlife diseases and, in particular, in diseases of national significance to the livestock industry. We also discuss available management tools and strategies for reducing feral swine populations, minimizing damage or disease occurrences and eradicating populations when deemed appropriate. Finally, we note areas of research that may …

Functional Implications In Apoptosis By Interferon Inducible Gene Product 1-8d, The Binding Protein To Adenovirus Preterminal Protein, Insil Joung, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Adenovirus (Ad) precursor to the terminal protein (pTP) plays an essential roles in the viral DNA

replication. Ad pTP serves as a primer for the synthesis of a new DNA strand during the initiation

step of replication. In addition, Ad pTP forms organized spherical replication foci on the nuclear

matrix (NM) and anchors the viral genome to the NM. Here we identified the interferon inducible

gene product 1-8D (Inid) as a pTP binding protein by using a two-hybrid screen of a HeLa cDNA

library. Of the clones obtained in this assay, nine were identical to the Inid, a 13-kDa polypeptide …

Mutations In Hns Reduce The Adherence Of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. Coli 091:H21 Strain B2f1 To Human Colonic Epithelial Cells And Increase The Production Of Hemolysin, Maria E. Scott, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Alison D. O'Brien

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) 091:H21 strain B2F1, an isolate from a patient with the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), produces elastase-activatable Shiga toxin (Stx) type 2d and adheres well to human colonic epithelial T84 cells. This adherence phenotype occurs even though B2F1 does not contain the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) that encodes the primary adhesin for E. coli O157:H7. To attempt to identify genes involved in binding of B2F1 to T84 cells a bank of mini-Tn5phoACmr transposon mutants of this strain was generated. Several of these mutants exhibited a reduced adherence phenotype, but none of the insertions …

Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia Coli In Montana: Bacterial Genotypes And Clinical Profiles, Jill K. Jelacic, Todd Damrow, Gilbert S. Chen, Srdjan Jelacic, Martina Bielaszewska, Marcia Ciol, Humberto M. Carvalho, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Alison D. O'Brien, Phillip I. Tarr

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

The diseases and virulence genes associated with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are characterized incompletely. We analyzed, by polymerase chain reaction, 82 STEC isolates collected prospectively in Montana and profiled associated illnesses by patient chart review. All E. coli O157:H7 contained stx₂-group genes, as well as eae, iha, espA, and ehxA; 84% contained stx₁. Non-O157:H7 STEC less frequently contained stx₁( P = .046 ), stx₂ (P < .001), iha (P < .001), eae, and espA (P = .039 for both), were isolated less often from patients treated in emergency departments (P = .022), and …

Authoritarianism As An Agent Of Status Quo Maintenance: Women’S Careers And Family Lives, Lauren Duncan, Bill E. Peterson, Erin E. Ax

Psychology: Faculty Publications

We examined how right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) influenced career and family plans and life outcomes in 2 samples of educated women. In the college-aged sample, participants who planned to earn professional degrees scored higher on RWA than those who planned to earn graduate degrees in the humanities or social sciences. RWA was also positively related to the expression of preferences for male partners who possess masculine characteristics. In the midlife sample, RWA scores were higher for participants with traditional career and family outcomes at midlife. For midlife participants following a nontraditional career path, RWA was positively related to compartmentalizing career and …