Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Role Of Institutional And Market Forces In Divergent Organizational Change, Thomas D'Aunno, Melissa Succi, Jeffrey A. Alexander

Business Faculty Articles and Research

This paper focuses on a radical change, in which organizations abandon an institutionalized template for arranging their core activities, that is likely to occur in organizational fields that have strong, local market forces and strong but heterogeneous institutional forces. We examine the role of market forces and heterogeneous institutional elements in promoting divergent change in core activities among all U.S. rural hospitals from 1984 to 1991. Results support the view that divergent change depends on both market forces (proximity to competitors, disadvantages in service mix) and institutional forces (state regulation, ownership and governance norms, and mimicry of models of divergent …

Ryanodine Receptor Adaptation, Michael Fill, A. Zahradníková, Carlos A. Villalba-Galea, I. Zahradník, A. L. Escobar, S. Györke

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

In the heart, depolarization during the action potential activates voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels that mediate a small, localized Ca²⁺ influx (I_Ca). This small Ca²⁺ signal activates specialized Ca²⁺ release channels, the ryanodine receptors (RyRs), in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). This process is called Ca²⁺-induced Ca²⁺ release (CICR). Intuitively, the CICR process should be self-regenerating because the Ca²⁺ released from the SR should feedback and activate further SR Ca²⁺ release. However, the CICR process is precisely controlled in the heart and, consequently, some sort of negative control mechanism(s) must exist to …

Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2000, Zelpha B. Johnson, D. Wayne Kellogg

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Animal Science is very much devoted to youth education and development. During the past year, over 20,000 youth were involved in 4-H livestock projects. Two very successful activities that took place last year were the Mid-American Grassland Evaluation Contest and Livestock Judging Camps. The Grassland Contest is designed to teach students about grassland resource management for livestock and wildlife uses. The contest was held in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Firstplace honors in the 4-H division went to White County, and second place honors went to Van Buren County. Two Livestock Judging Camps (Fayetteville and Hope) were conducted this past year. A …

Proteolytic Enzymes In The Marine Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas Atlantica: Post-Secretional Activation And Effects Of Environmental Conditions, Monica Hoffman, Alan W. Decho

Faculty Publications

Production and activities of cellular and extracellular proteolytic enzymes associated with the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas atlantica were examined in response to physiological state and changing environmental variables under laboratory conditions. Enzymes evidenced by zymography were metalloproteases, as defined by substrate preference and susceptibility to inhibitors (EDTA and 1, 10-phenanthroline). Distinct bands (i.e. molecular-weight [MW] size classes) of enzymes were isolated from within cellular and extracellular compartments. Susceptibility of extracellular enzymes to environmental stressors was related, in part, to the MW size classes of the enzymes. While all bands of enzymes showed some degree of inhibition when pH was decreased, the …

Biomedical Research Leaders: Report On Needs, Opportunities, Difficulties, Education And Training, And Evaluation, Samuel H. Wilson, Deborah Brown, Jay Moskowitz, Dan Hurley, David Brown, David Brown, Byron J. Bailey, Michael Mcclain, Marilyn Misenhimer, Judith Buckalew, Thomas Burks

Faculty Publications

The National Association of Physicians for the Environment (NAPE) has assumed a leadership role in protecting environmental health in recent years. The Committee of Biomedical Research Leaders was convened at the recent NAPE Leadership Conference: Biomedical Research and the Environment held on 1–2 November 1999, at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. This report summarizes the discussion of the committee and its recommendations. The charge to the committee was to raise and address issues that will promote and sustain environmental health, safety, and energy efficiency within the biomedical community. Leaders from every important research sector (industry laboratories, academic health …

Risk Factors And Gender Differentials For Death Among Children Hospitalized With Diarrhoea In Bangladesh, Amal K. Mitra, Mohammad M. Rahman, George J. Fuchs

Faculty Publications

To identify risk factors for death among children with diarrhoea, a cohort of 496 children, aged less than 5 years, admitted to the intensive care unit of a diarrhoeal disease hospital in Bangladesh, was studied during November 1992-June 1994, Clinical and laboratory records of children who died and of those who recovered in the hospital were compared, Deaths were significantly higher among those who had altered consciousness, hypoglycaemia, septicaemia, paralytic ileus, toxic colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, invasive or persistent diarrhoea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, Females experienced a 2-fold higher risk of death than males (p=0.003). Several indices of …

Attitudes As Barriers In Breast Screening: A Prospective Study Among Singapore Women, Paulin Tay Straughan, Adeline Seow

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Health care systems do not exist in isolation, but rather, as part of the larger social and cultural mosaic. In particular, perceived attitudes are major obstacles in health promotion exercises. This problem is especially true for non-white populations where little is known about the prevailing social and cultural perceptions towards western biomedical prescriptions. To further our understanding of Asian women's acceptance of mammograms, three attitudinal indexes are conceptualised, constructed and validated. Data fi om a prospective survey showed the significance of fatalistic attitudes, perceived barriers and perceived efficacy of early detection in predicting women's acceptance of a free mammogram at …

Job's Syndrome, M A. Yousafzai, K Nasim, S Q. Nizami

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Retinoblastoma Tells The Story Of Our Health Care System, Irshad Soomro, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Suhail Muzaffar, Naila Kayani, Shahid Pervez, Akbar Shah Hussainy, Rashida Ahmed, Sheema H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective:

To review cases of retinoblastoma.

Setting:

Department of Pathology Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi.

Method:

Twenty three specimens from cases of retinoblastoma received over a period of eight years were routinely processes and stained with haematoxylin and Eosin stain Other stains were used for tuberculosis and melanin. Immunochemistry was resorted to in undifferentiated tumors.

Results:

Over 60% cases of retinoblastoma were diagnosed after 5 years and nine cases showed involvement of opti-nerve.

Conclusion:

Late diagnosis of retinoblastoma effects the stage of the tumors and the prognisis.

Granular Cell Tumor Of The Breast: An Uncommon Lesion That Mimics Carcinoma, S Muzafar, M S. Siddiqui, Naila Kayani, I K. Lodhi, Sheema H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Technology Evaluation: Pro-542, Progenics Pharmaceuticals Inc., Muhammad Mukhtar, Zahida Parveen, Roger J Pomerantz

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Progenics's rCD4-IgG2 (PRO-542) is a recombinant fusion protein, which has been developed using the company's Universal Antiviral Binding (UnAB) technology, and is in phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infection [273391]. At the beginning of 1997, Progenics received a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR) grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases (NIAID) to fund the development of PRO-542 [236048]. A further grant of $2.7 million was awarded in August 1998 for the clinical evaluation of PRO-542 and other anti-HIV therapies [294200]. Progenics is collaborating with the …

Attachment Of Toxoplasma Gondii To A Specific Membrane Fraction Of Cho Cells, Chaitali Dutta, Jane Grimwood, Lloyd H. Kasper

Dartmouth Scholarship

We have observed previously that attachment of Toxoplasma gondii to synchronized host cells is considerably increased at the mid-S phase (4 h postrelease). Synchronized CHO host cells at the mid-S phase were fractionated by molecular weight, and the antigens were used to produce a panel of polyclonal mouse antisera. The polyclonal antisera raised against fraction 4 with molecular mass ranging approximately from 18 to 40 kDa significantly reduced attachment to mid-S-phase host cells. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated strong reactivity to mid-S-phase host cells and identified a number of potential receptors on Western blots. These data indicate that there is a specific …

Microbial Biofilms: From Ecology To Molecular Genetics, Mary Ellen Davey, George A. O'Toole

Dartmouth Scholarship

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms attached to surfaces or associated with interfaces. Despite the focus of modern microbiology research on pure culture, planktonic (free-swimming) bacteria, it is now widely recognized that most bacteria found in natural, clinical, and industrial settings persist in association with surfaces. Furthermore, these microbial communities are often composed of multiple species that interact with each other and their environment. The determination of biofilm architecture, particularly the spatial arrangement of microcolonies (clusters of cells) relative to one another, has profound implications for the function of these complex communities. Numerous new experimental approaches and methodologies have been …

Histological Pattern Of Ovarian Neoplasma., Zubair Ahmad, Naila Kayani, Sheema H. Hasan, Suhail Muzaffar, Muhammad Shafiq Gill

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Abstract

Objective: To see the morphological pattern of benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms. Method: Retrospective study of all consecutive cases of ovarian neoplasms diagnosed at Aga Khan University Hospital between 1st January 1993 and 30th September 1998. Setting: The Section of Histopathology, AKUH, Karachi. Observation: Of 855 ovarian tumours 506 (59.18%) were benign and 349(40.81%) malignant. Surface epithelial - stromal tumours comprised 63.50% of all tumours. Benign cystic teratoma was the commonest benign tumour (35.17% of all benign tumours) and serous cystadenocarcinoma was the commonest malignant tumour (33.33% of all malignant tumours). Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas are more common in our population …

Hybridization Of Dna By Sequential Immobilization Of Oligonucleotides At The Air-Water Interface, Murali Sastry, Vidya Ramakrishnan, Mrunalini Pattarkine, Anand Gole, K. N. Ganesh

Faculty Works

The hybridization of DNA by sequential electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding immobilization of single-stranded complementary oligonucleotides at the air-water interface with cationic Langmuir monolayers is demonstrated. The complexation of the single-stranded DNA molecules with octadecylamine (ODA) Langmuir monolayers was followed in time by monitoring the pressure-area isotherms. A large (and slow) expansion of the ODA monolayer was observed during each stage of complexation in the following sequence: primary single-stranded DNA followed by complementary single-stranded DNA followed by the intercalator, ethidium bromide. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of the ODA-DNA complex were formed on different substrates and characterized using quartz-crystal microgravimetry (QCM), Fourier transform infrared …

Combined Antagonist Compositions, Scott R. Hamann

Anesthesiology Faculty Patents

Novel compositions of a combination of nicotinic, opioid, serotonergic and/or adrenergic antagonists in combination with nicotinic and opioid agonists, anti-depressants, stimulants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and local anesthetics, such combinations being useful in the treatment of excitable system disorders, pain and psychiatric disorders, and methods of use thereof.

Ada News - 11/20/2000, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Gender Differences In Brazilian Street Youth’S Family Circumstances And Experiences On The Street, Marcela Raffaelli, Silvia H. Koller, Caroline T. Reppold, Mateus B. Kuschick, Fernanda M. B. Krum, Denise R. Bandeira, Carson Simões

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives: It has been proposed that homeless street girls are more likely to be from dysfunctional families and exhibit psychological distress than homeless street boys, reflecting cultural factors that result in differential norms for male and female behavior. The current analysis examined whether male and female street youth in a mid-sized Brazilian city differed in their family circumstances and day-to-day functioning on the street.

Methods: The opportunity sample consisted of 33 male (mean age 14.3, range 10-17 years) and 33 female (mean age 14.6, range 11-18 years) street youth who participated in a sentence completion task and structured interview examining …

Research News: 2000, No. 4, University Of Mississippi. School Of Pharmacy

Research News: Grants and Publications (2000-2014)

Grants, publications, technology transfer, special announcements

Caring For The Elderly: Oregon's Pioneers (Portland, Oregon), Nora Super, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

This site visit looked at the continuum of care for its elderly and disabled citizens in the first state ever to secure Section 1915(c) and (d) waivers under Medicaid to support home- and community-based services. More than three-quarters of Oregon's Medicaid clients now receive care in these settings. Site visitors were briefed on the history and development of long-term care in the state as well as the various care settings available. Panels discussed strategies and partnerships focused on alleviating workforce shortages and highlighted Oregon nurses' authority to delegate certain caregiving tasks to laypeople. Multnomah County staff described county-level activities, especially …

Violence In Sport Appalling And Appealing, Rick Burton

Sport Management - All Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Nicotine Enhances Acquisition Of A T-Maze Visual Discrimination: Assessment Of Individual Differences, J. Besheer, Rick A. Bevins

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In the present report, rats' performance was assessed in five tasks designed to measure behavioral response to different novel stimuli under different experimental situations. Daily nicotine treatment (0, 0.3 or l.0 mg/kg) began after the conclusion of the behavioral tasks and continued throughout the experiment. Training of a T-maze visual discrimination task commenced after 11 days of nicotine pretreatment. As a group, rats treated with the higher dose of nicotine (l.0 mg/kg) made fewer errors to acquire the initial T-maze discrimination than saline-treated controls. Activity induced by an inescapable novel environment (i.e. first behavioral screen) was positively correlated with the …

Long-Term Regulation Of Neuronal High-Affinity Glutamate And Glutamine Uptake In Aplysia, J Levenson, S Endo, L S. Kategaya, R I. Fernandez, D G. Brabham, J Chin, J H. Byrne, A Eskin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

An increase in transmitter release accompanying long-term sensitization and facilitation occurs at the glutamatergic sensorimotor synapse of Aplysia. We report that a long-term increase in neuronal Glu uptake also accompanies long-term sensitization. Synaptosomes from pleural-pedal ganglia exhibited sodium-dependent, high-affinity Glu transport. Different treatments that induce long-term enhancement of the siphon-withdrawal reflex, or long-term synaptic facilitation increased Glu uptake. Moreover, 5-hydroxytryptamine, a treatment that induces long-term facilitation, also produced a long-term increase in Glu uptake in cultures of sensory neurons. The mechanism for the increase in uptake is an increase in the V(max) of transport. The long-term increase in Glu uptake …

Ada News - 11/06/2000, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

Cytoplasmic Filament-Deficient Mutant Of Treponema Denticola Has Pleiotropic Defects, Jacques Izard, William A. Samsonoff, Ronald J. Limberger

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

In Treponema denticola, a ribbon-like structure of cytoplasmic filaments spans the cytoplasm at all stages of the cell division process. Insertional inactivation was used as a first step to determine the function of the cytoplasmic filaments. A suicide plasmid was constructed that contained part of cfpA and a nonpolar erythromycin resistance cassette (ermF and ermAM) inserted near the beginning of the gene. The plasmid was electroporated into T. denticola, and double-crossover recombinants which had the chromosomal copy of cfpA insertionally inactivated were selected. Immunoblotting and electron microscopy confirmed the lack of cytoplasmic filaments. The mutant was further …

Information Interface - Volume 28, Issue 5 - November/December 2000, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Information Interface (1976 - 2009)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users.

Attitudinal Outcomes Of Punishment Events In Team-Sporting Settings, Jason Tapp

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The organizational justice perspective suggests that procedural and distributive justice evaluations of a specific punishment event will affect an individual's reactions to the punishment. A 3 (decision-making procedure: autocratic, participative, group) X 3 (punishment severity: low, moderate, high) factorial design was utilized to develop punishment scenarios in team-sport settings which were evaluated by 205 participants. Decision-making procedure and punishment severity both produced significant main effects on evaluations of the fairness of the procedure. Only punishment severity produced a significant main effect on perceptions of the fairness and appropriateness of the punishment, as well as on perceptions of the likelihood of …

Wellness Center Healthletter - November 2000, Nova Southeastern University

Wellness Center Healthletter

No abstract provided.

Cognitive Consequences And Central Nervous System Injury Following Treatment For Childhood Leukemia, I. M. Moore, K. A. Espy, P. Kaufmann, J. Kramer, K. Kaemingk, P. Miketova, N. Mollova, M. Kaspar, A. Pasvogel, K. Schram, W. Wara, J. Hutter, K. Matthay

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between membrane damage and intellectual and academic abilities in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and pilot test a math intervention for children with ALL who were affected. DATA SOURCES: Research studies and review articles. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the prophylactic central nervous system (CNS) treatment for long-term disease-free survival, many children with ALL subsequently experience declines in intellectual and academic skills. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Improving academic abilities in children who have received CNS treatment is of high priority and may have longlasting implications on quality of life.

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure And Prematurity: Neurodevelopmental Growth, K. A. Espy, D. J. Francis, M. L. Riese

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

The consequences of prematurity and prenatal cocaine exposure on early neurobehavior and physical growth were examined longitudinally in a sample of 20 cocaine-exposed and 20 nonexposed preterm neonates. The magnitude of the difference in physical growth acceleration related to prenatal cocaine exposure increased with increasing birth gestational age, whereas growth rate differences in irritability decreased. In contrast, prenatal cocaine exposure, independent of prematurity, was related to reduced attention skills at 36 wks conceptional age and increased rates of neurobehavioral change. The effects of prenatal cocaine exposure differed with respect to the degree of prematurity, depending on the nature of the …