Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Changing Family Planning Scenario In India: An Overview Of Recent Evidence, K.G. Santhya

Reproductive Health

Over the decades, there has been a substantial increase in contraceptive use in India. The direction, emphasis and strategies of the Family Welfare Programme have changed over time. However, meeting the contraceptive needs of considerable proportions of women and men and improving the quality of family planning services continue to be a challenge. The 1990s witnessed a growing recognition of this, and several innovative policy and programme initiatives have been launched to address these issues. This paper reviews and synthesises evidence from surveys and studies conducted in the 1990s and thereafter on contraceptive use dynamics and the unmet need for …

Actions That Protect: Promoting Sexual And Reproductive Health And Choice Among Young People In India, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Mary Philip Sebastian

Reproductive Health

This paper synthesises the evidence on the sexual and reproductive health situation of young people in India, and explores what we know about underlying factors that place them at risk of or protect them from unsafe and unwanted sexual and reproductive health experiences. The picture that emerges suggests that substantial proportions of young people experience risky or unwanted sexual activity, do not receive prompt or appropriate care, and experience adverse reproductive health outcomes. Contextual factors such as poverty, gender imbalances and lack of education or livelihood opportunities clearly increase the vulnerability of youth. Other factors at the family, community and …

Feelings & The Therapeutic Encounter/Alliance, Emma Condon

'INSCAPE' - ARTCAP November 13-16, 2003

No abstract provided.

Legitimising The Subjectivity Of Human Reality Through Qualitative Research Method, Adrian K. Morgan, Vicki B. Drury

Research outputs pre 2011

The controversy that has surrounded the value of quantitative research methods as opposed to qualitative approaches as a means to increasing the knowledge and understanding of human behaviour in health and illness, has been contested by nurse scholars for several decades. This paper continues debate around this issue and provides a critique of the problems associated with these competing paradigms. It challenges the convention that all nursing research must be objective and value free in order to be scientific, and provides an overview of the processes that should be considered by researchers utilizing qualitative methods of inquiry.

A Contrast-Based Neural Control System For Ant Navigation, Joanna R. Wares, Predrag-Peter Ilich, Daniel P. Dougherty

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

A mathematical model for a neural control system of ant locomotion was developed. Contrast-based detectors using excitation and inhibition were tuned to specific contrast orientations. A control system using multiple orientation contrast detectors was then developed and optimized for a model ant, which could move via a biased random walk. The system allowed sufficient control to guide the ant through various mazes.

Increased Risk Of Cervical Canal Infections With Intracervical Foley Catheter, S Siddiqui, Nf Zuberi, Afia Zafar, Rn Qureshi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intracervical Foley catheter insertion, for the induction of labor, on cervical canal infection.
DESIGN: A prospective interventional study with paired analysis.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, between June 1 and August 31, 2002.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 45 women undergoing cervical ripening with intracervical Foley catheter for the induction of labour at term, cervical swabs were taken for culture and sensitivity before its insertion and again after its spontaneous expulsion or removal.
RESULTS: Intracervical …

Self-Perceptions Of Speech Language Pathologists-In-Training Before And After Pseudostuttering Experiences On The Telephone, Manish Rami, Joseph Kalinowski, Andrew Stuart, Michael P. Rastatter

Communication Sciences & Disorders Faculty Publications

Purpose: This survey investigated the effect of pseudostuttering experiences on self-perceptions of 29 female, graduate students enrolled in a graduate seminar in stuttering.

Method: Perceptions of self prior to, and immediately after, participation in five scripted telephone calls which contained pseudostuttering were measured via a 25-item semantic differential scale.

Results: Data showed that the participants perceived themselves as significantly more (p < 0.002) withdrawn, tense, avoiding, afraid, introverted, nervous, self-conscious, anxious, quiet, inflexible, hesitant, dull, passive, unpleasant, insecure, unfriendly, guarded, and reticent. after their pseudostuttering telephone call experiences.

Conclusions: Findings suggests that the ‘pseudostuttering’ experiences have an impact on self-perceptions and that the experience of ‘adopting the disability of a person who stutter’s’ may provide insight as to the social and emotional impact of communicative failure. …

Phylogenetic Analysis Of Borrelia Species Detected In Small Mammals And Ticks In Florida, Karen Overly

All Volumes (2001-2008)

The infection prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, was estimated among small mammals and ticks at two sites in northern Florida using molecular methods. Analysis of the B. burgdorferi flagellin gene in samples extracted from the ticks and small mammals was used to construct a phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree was used to compare partial flagellin gene sequences of the Borrelia strains from Florida with reference Borrelia strains. The infection prevalences of small mammals at the University of North Florida and Guana River State Park were 90% and 47%, respectively, with 6 of 7 small …

Altered Reward Value Of Carbohydrate Snacks For Female Smokers Withdrawn From Nicotine, Bonnie Spring, Sherry Pagoto, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Donald Hedeker, Jessica Werth

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Discontinuing nicotine intake usually results in weight gain partially due to heightened energy intake from between-meal snacks. This experiment tested the hypothesis that the reinforcing value of palatable carbohydrate-rich snacks increases for female smokers during nicotine deprivation. Eighteen smokers and 18 nonsmokers completed a concurrent-schedules operant computer task on two separate days. Smokers were bio-verified abstinent at the second testing. The operant task allowed participants to earn points redeemable for either carbohydrate snacks or money on concurrent variable-ratio schedules of reinforcement. There were five different probabilities of earning points redeemable for snacks (8%, 16%, 25%, 50%, 75%), while the probability …

Getting What We Should From Doctors: Rethinking Patient Autonomy And The Doctor-Patient Relationship, Roger B. Dworkin

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Use Of Heart Rate Reserve And Rating Of Perceived Exertion To Prescribe Exercise Intensity In Diabetic Autonomic Neueropathy, Sheri R. Colberg, David P. Swain, Aaron I. Vinik

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Objective- Individuals with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) exhibit an increased resting heart rate but depressed maximal heart rate. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the validity of using either percent of heart rate reserve (HRR) or a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale to prescribe exercise intensity in diabetic individuals both with and without DAN.

Research Design and Methods-The subjects consisted of 23 individuals with type 2 diabetes, ages 45-75 years, with (DAN; n=13) or without (No DAN; n=10) clinical signs of DAN, as assessed by heart rate variability using the expiration-to-inspiration ratio of the …

Signaling And Regulation Of G Protein-Coupled Receptors In Airway Smooth Muscle., Charlotte K Billington, Raymond B Penn

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Signaling through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediates numerous airway smooth muscle (ASM) functions including contraction, growth, and "synthetic" functions that orchestrate airway inflammation and promote remodeling of airway architecture. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the GPCRs that have been identified in ASM cells, and discuss the extent to which signaling via these GPCRs has been characterized and linked to distinct ASM functions. In addition, we examine the role of GPCR signaling and its regulation in asthma and asthma treatment, and suggest an integrative model whereby an imbalance of GPCR-derived signals in ASM cells contributes to the …

Myosin Heavy Chain And Physiological Adaptation Of The Rat Diaphragm In Elastase-Induced Emphysema., Dong Kwan Kim, Jianliang Zhu, Benjamin W Kozyak, James M Burkman, Neal A Rubinstein, Edward B Lankford, Hansell H Stedman, Taitan Nguyen, Sanford Levine, Joseph B Shrager

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Several physiological adaptations occur in the respiratory muscles in rodent models of elastase-induced emphysema. Although the contractile properties of the diaphragm are altered in a way that suggests expression of slower isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MHC), it has been difficult to demonstrate a shift in MHCs in an animal model that corresponds to the shift toward slower MHCs seen in human emphysema. METHODS: We sought to identify MHC and corresponding physiological changes in the diaphragms of rats with elastase-induced emphysema. Nine rats with emphysema and 11 control rats were studied 10 months after instillation with elastase. MHC isoform …

A Genetic Lesion That Arrests Plasma Cell Homing To The Bone Marrow, Loren D. Erickson, Ling-Li Lin, Biyan Duan, Laurence Morel, Randolph J. Noelle

Dartmouth Scholarship

The coordinated regulation of chemokine responsiveness plays a critical role in the development of humoral immunity. After antigen challenge and B cell activation, the emerging plasma cells (PCs) undergo CXCL12-induced chemotaxis to the bone marrow, where they produce Ab and persist. Here we show that PCs, but not B cells or T cells from lupus-prone NZM mice, are deficient in CXCL12-induced migration. PC unresponsiveness to CXCL12 results in a marked accumulation of PCs in the spleen of mice, and a concordant decrease in bone marrow PCs. Unlike normal mice, in NZM mice, a majority of the splenic PCs are long-lived. …

Embedding Multicultural Competencies In Rehabilitation Psychology Practice, Richard H. Dana

Regional Research Institute for Human Services

This article identifies the several issues in the process of client assessments, especially for multicultural groups. The Multicultural Assessment-Intervention Process (MAIP) model is discussed as a useful tool for meeting these issues. The model's applications and specific procedural steps are discussed.

Distress Under Duress: The Relationship Between Campus Climate And Depression In Asian American College Students, Christine M. Cress, Elaine Kimiko Ikeda

Educational Leadership and Policy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Student perceptions of negative campus climate were predictive of Asian American students’ depression levels in spite of students’ entering proclivities toward depression and in spite of varying institutional types. In addition, these findings were consistent whether individual Asian American perceptions of campus climate were entered into the equation or whether institutional levels of campus perceptions (which included all racial and ethnic groups) were entered into the equation. Therefore, higher education institutions that are perceived by students to discriminate against individuals based on race or ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, or disability may put their Asian American students at risk for severe …

Clinical And Forensic Outcomes From The Illinois Mental Health Juvenile Justice Initiative, Michael Jenuwine, John S. Lyons, Gene Griffin, Sharon Quintenz, Michelle Shasha

Articles by Maurer Faculty

To address the mental health needs of youths who are arrested and detained in Illinois, an initiative was designed and implemented that identified youths with psychotic or affective disorders, linked them to community services, and monitored their cases. This study assessed whether such linkage is possible and whether it improves clinical and forensic outcomes. METHODS: Under the initiative, court staff refer youths who may have a mental illness to a clinical liaison. If the youth is eligible for the program, the liaison works with the family to develop a community-based action plan. For the analysis presented here, the Child and …

Communication Skills Of Family Physicians In A Doctor-Patient Consultation, Waris Qidwai, Si Karim, Fm. Irfan

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Physical Exercise As A Key Health Determinant Among Patients, Waris Qidwai, Danish Saleheen, Sadia Saleem, Marie Andrades, Iqbal Azam

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Patient Complaints Among Emergency Room Patients At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Waris Qidwai, Muhammad Baqir, Syed Sohail Ali, Semi Ayub

Department of Family Medicine

OBJECTIVES: To study the chief presenting complaints among patients presenting to the Emergency Medical services.
SETTING: This study was conducted at the Emergency Room of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi during March and April, 2003.
METHODS: A survey was carried out by the study investigators. This survey included patients who were not very sick and were selected at random. Demographic profiles of the respondents were noted. EPI-info and SPSS computer software programs were used for analysis of the results.
RESULTS: One hundred patients were surveyed. The majority was relatively young, married men and women, well educated and …

Perceptions On Bioethics Among Patients Presenting To Family Physicians At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Waris Qidwai, Hafeez Qureshi, Syed Sohail Ali, Mahboob Alam, Syed Lgbal Azam

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To study the perceptions on bioethics among patients presenting to family physicians at a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan Study design: Questionnaire based cross sectional survey
Settings: The study was carried out at the family practice center, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi Main outcome measures: Perceptions on the broad principles of bioethics
Results: Majority of the respondents were young and well educated and better placed socioeconomically. Respondents reported the moral duties of a physician and their reaction in the event of the death of a close relative due to a doctor`s negligence. The majority agreed …

Paternalistic Model Of Medical Practice, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Use Of Services Of Spiritual Healers Among Patients Presenting To Family Physicians At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To study the use of the services of spiritual healers, among patients visiting the family physicians, at a teaching hospital in, Karachi. Design: Cross-sectional survey
Place and Duration of Study: Family practice center, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, from February to June, 2001
Subjects and Methods: A total of 387 patients were surveyed. A questionnaire was developed and administered to collect information on the use of the services of spiritual healers among the respondents.
Results: Most of the respondents were young, well educated and better placed socio-economically. The use of the services of spiritual healers …

Implications For The Practice Of A Patient Expectation And Satisfaction Survey, At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Waris Qidwai, R. H. Dhanani, F. M. Khan

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To study the expectations and satisfaction of patients visiting Family Practice Clinics, at the Aga Khan University Hospital, in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional survey of 316 patients was carried out. A questionnaire, based on the study objectives was developed and administered. The participating patient signed a consent form, after assurance of confidentiality was provided. Data on the demographic profile of the patients was collected.
Results: The mean age was 33.81 years, with 105 (33.2%) women, and 211 (66.8%) men. The majority were married, with education above intermediate level and were in private or government service or were …

Prevalence And Perceptions About Consanguineous Marriages Among Patients Presenting To Family Physicians, In 2001 At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, Waris Qidwai, Iqbal Azam, Faisal M Khan

Department of Family Medicine

Aim: Consanguineous marriages are common in Pakistan despite their declining popularity in the developed world. In the present study, a questionnaire based survey was used to record the attitudes and perceptions of consanguineous marriages among the sample population.
Methods: A questionnaire was developed to collect information on the acceptability of, and perceptions about, consanguineous marriages among patients presenting to family physicians, at the Family Practice Center of the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Demographic data was collected as part of the questionnaire. Each participating patient signed a consent form after assurance of confidentiality was provided.
Results …

Lifelong Learning In Medical Education: From Cme To Cpd, Zarrin Seema Siddiqui

Department for Educational Development

Lifelong learning is a concept taken up by governments and educational institutions worldwide to acknowledge the need for continuous learning irrespective of the profession. In the context of medicine, lifelong learning has always been formally considered an ethical obligation of doctors although the term Continuing Medical Education (CME) is more commonly used than Continuous Professional Development (CPD). This article traces the history of continuous professional development from early years through current programs introduced worldwide.

October - December 2003 Quarterly Report, Unm Health Sciences Library And Informatics Center

Native Health Database project records

NHDs quarterly report.

A Qualitative Review Of The Native American Caregivers Support Program: The Successes, Barriers, And Training Needs, Holly A. Beard, M. Yvonne Jackson, Meg Graves, Floyd Godfrey, Clare Houseman

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Caregiving is accepted as a natural part of life and is recognized as an inherent responsibility within the American Indian/Alaskan Native Community. A qualitative analysis was conducted employing constant comparative method to explain the current status of the Native American Caregiver Support Program (NACSP) funded by Title VI-C grants. The NACSP (Title VI-C) of the Older Americans Act (OAA) is administered by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Administration on Aging (AoA). The NACSP allows each tribal organization to develop a program to deliver supportive services that are tailored to the needs of their caregiver's while providing five …

Needed: Urologic Nursing Mentors For New Grads, Karen A. Karlowicz

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

Presents the accomplishment felt after a completion of intense course of study. Inundation of nursing graduates; Assessment of nursing education programs; Tips to develop the role as urologic nurse.

Communication Apprehension And Interpersonal Skills In Physical Therapy Students : A Comparative Study Of Problem-Based Learning And Traditional Curricula, Beverly D. Fein

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

Physical Therapy education has been challenged to prepare students to meet the increasing demands upon and changing needs of physical therapy practice in the evolving health delivery system. Today's practitioner needs strong interpersonal and collaborative skills for effective communication with patients, families, third party payers, community and other members of the health care team. The characteristics of problem-based learning (PBL) curricula appeared to offer greater potential for students to develop communication skills as compared to traditional curricula. Therefore, this study used available measures of communication apprehension and clinical performance of communication related behaviors to compare students educated in PBL curricula …