Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Age, Gender, Biometry, Refractive Error, And The Anterior Chamber Angle Among Alaskan Eskimos, Robert Wojciechowski, Nathan Congdon, William Anninger, Aimee Teo Broman

Dartmouth Scholarship

The prevalence of angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) is greater for Eskimos/Inuit than it is for any other ethnic group in the world. Although it has been suggested that this prevalence may be due to a population tendency toward shallower anterior chamber angles, available evidence for other populations such as Chinese with high rates of ACG has not consistently demonstrated such a tendency.

Utilization Of Algal And Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Secretions (Eps) By The Deposit-Feeding Brittlestar Amphipholis Gracillima (Echinodermata), D. L. Hoskins, S. E. Stancyk, Alan W. Decho

Faculty Publications

Like many deposit-feeding organisms, the burrowing brittlestar Amphipholis gracillima feeds on particulate organic matter in surface sediments. Microbial exopolymeric secretions (EPS) are carbohydrate-enriched polymers produced by microalgae and bacteria that bind aggregates and form dense biofilms near the sediment-water interface. EPS are assimilable by some benthic infauna and may be utilized as a significant carbon source. EPS are absorbed by some deposit-feeders, including a holothurian, and may be supplemental sources of nutrition. The burrowing brittlestar A. gracillima is a deposit-feeder that was used in a mass balance approach to model the incorporation of radiolabeled EPS by bottom feeders. Brittlestars were …

Antifibrinolytic Therapy And Perioperative Blood Loss In Cancer Patients Undergoing Major Orthopedic Surgery, David Amar, Florence M. Grant, Hao Zhang, Patrick J. Boland, Denis H. Y. Leung, John A. Healey

Research Collection School Of Economics

Background: Aprotinin has been reported to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients having major orthopedic operations. Data on whether epsilon amino-caproic acid (EACA) is effective in this population are sparse.

Methods: Sixty-nine adults with malignancy scheduled for either pelvic, extremity or spine surgery during general anesthesia entered this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, and received either intravenous aprotinin (n = 23), bolus of 2 x 10(6) kallikrein inactivator units (KIU), followed by an infusion of 5 x 10(5) KIU/h, or EACA (n = 22), bolus of 150 mg/kg, followed by a 15 mg/kg/h infusion or saline placebo (n = …

Rhamnolipid Surfactant Production Affects Biofilm Architecture In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pao1, Mary E. Davey, Nicky C. Caiazza, George A. O'Toole

Dartmouth Scholarship

In response to certain environmental signals, bacteria will differentiate from an independent free-living mode of growth and take up an interdependent surface-attached existence. These surface-attached microbial communities are known as biofilms. In flowing systems where nutrients are available, biofilms can develop into elaborate three-dimensional structures. The development of biofilm architecture, particularly the spatial arrangement of colonies within the matrix and the open areas surrounding the colonies, is thought to be fundamental to the function of these complex communities. Here we report a new role for rhamnolipid surfactants produced by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the maintenance of biofilm architecture. …

Enterobius Vermicularis: Ancient Dna From North And South American Human Coprolites, Alena M. Iñiguez, Karl J. Reinhard, Adauto Araújo, Luiz F. Ferreira, Ana Carolina P. Vicente

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

A molecular paleoparasitological diagnostic approach was developed for Enterobius vermicularis. Ancient DNA was extracted from 27 coprolites from archaeological sites in Chile and USA. Enzymatic amplification of human mtDNA sequences confirmed the human origin. We designed primers specific to the E. vermicularis 5S ribosomal RNA spacer region and they allowed reproducible polymerase chain reaction identification of ancient material. We suggested that the paleoparasitological microscopic identification could accompany molecular diagnosis, which also opens the possibility of sequence analysis to understand parasite-host evolution.

Effects Of Tacrolimus On Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury., Shawn D. St Peter, Adyr A. Moss, David C. Mulligan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

In addition to efficacious immunosuppression for the benefit of organ transplantation, tacrolimus has diverse actions that result in amelioration of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Knowledge is accumulating rapidly on the mechanisms through which tacrolimus exerts these cytoprotective effects, including alterations in microcirculation, free radical metabolism, calcium-activated pathways, inflammatory cascades, mitochondrial stability, apoptosis, stress-response proteins, and tissue recovery. Within the nucleus, actions mediating the effects of tacrolimus appear to be dominantly influenced by interactions with the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB. Because tacrolimus is a cornerstone agent in immunosuppression regimens throughout the world and knowledge of its cellular mechanisms is evolving, it is important …

Tacrolimus As A Liver Flush Solution To Ameliorate The Effects Of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Following Liver Transplantation., Shawn D. St Peter, David J. Post, Manuel I. Rodriguez-Davalos, David D. Douglas, Adyr A. Moss, David C. Mulligan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The goal of this report is to evaluate in a prospective randomized fashion the effect of flushing hepatic allografts with tacrolimus before transplantation. A prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial was performed. Twenty patients receiving orthotopic liver transplants from October 2000 to October 2001 were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (active) was administered tacrolimus, 20 ng/mL, plus Plasma-lyte A (Baxter Healthcare Corp, Deerfield, IL) liver flush solution; and group 2 (placebo) was administered only Plasma-lyte A. Ischemia/reperfusion injury was assessed in both groups after transplantation by means of serum laboratory values to assess hepatocellular damage, synthetic function, and ion transport capacity. …

Effect Of Acupressure On Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, K Samad, G Afshan, R Kamal

Department of Anaesthesia

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of acupressure applied at meridian P6 point for prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.METHODOLOGY: A randomized double blind study was performed in 50 ASA I and II patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were divided into two groups; control and placebo. In the control group acupressure was applied at P6 point half an hour before surgery while in the placebo group the acupressure band was tied on meridian P6 point but the plastic bead was placed on the dosum of right forearm away from meridian P6 point. Patients were assessed for …

Stage Based Interventions For Low Fat Diet With Middle School Students, Marilyn Frenn, Shelly Malin, Naveen K. Bansal

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Preventing obesity and cardiovascular disease at early ages is important; however, few effective interventions for early adolescents have been reported. In this study, low-income, culturally diverse students from an urban middle school (n = 60) received four classroom interventions with the use of a combined Health Promotion/Transtheoretical Model to control fat in diet and increase physical activity. A control group (n = 57) received the usual classroom education. Pretest percentage fat in diet was regressed on demographics, access to low-fat foods, perceived self-efficacy, benefits/barriers, and stage of change with results as proposed by the model [F(9,64) …

Radiologic Feeding Gastrostomy Placement: Experience In 23 Patients, T U. Haq, S M F Mosharraf, B Ahmad, K Munir, J Yaqoob, U Usman

Department of Radiology

Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and complications of percutaneous gastrostomy catheter placementunder flouro guidance for long-term enteral feeding.MATERIALS AND Methods: Between April 1998 to May 2002, 23 patients who had percutaneous gastrostomy catheter placement were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical indications for catheter placement included patients with neurologic disease, head and neck malignancy, and pulmonary disease patients. Placement of 12 - 14 Fr gastrostomy catheter was then accomplished with the Seldinger technique. The technical success, procedural complications were recorded.Results: Twenty seven procedures, including revisions, were performed. The success rate for catheter placement was 100%. Revision was necessary in 7 (30%) instances …

Determination Of Delay In Burn Around Time (Tat) Of Stat Tests And Its Causes: An Akuh Experience., Fareena Bilwani, Imran Siddiqui, Sarosh Vaqar

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the delay and reasons of delay of turnaround time (TAT) of stat tests in the section of clinical chemistry of the clinical laboratory. Setting: Clinical Laboratory, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Patients and Methods: In our study turn around time (TAT) of stat tests were analyzed. Turn around time was specified as the time from receipt of the sample till the final verification of results (sample receipt time to result verification time). Delays were categorized into 15 minutes, 16-30 minutes, 31 to 60 minutes and >60 minutes. It was also noted as to which time of …

Meiotic And Mitotic Phenotypes Conferred By The Blm1-1 Mutation In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae And Msh4 Suppression Of The Bleomycin Hypersusceptibility, Georgia Anyatonwu, Ediberto Garcia, Ajay Pramanik, Marie Powell, Carol Wood Moore

Publications and Research

Oxidative damage can lead to a number of diseases, and can be fatal. The blm1-1 mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae confers hypersusceptibility to lethal effects of the oxidative, anticancer and antifungal agent, bleomycin. For the current report, additional defects conferred by the mutation in meiosis and mitosis were investigated. The viability of spores produced during meiosis by homozygous normal BLM1/BLM1, heterozygous BLM1/blm1-1, and homozygous mutant blm1-1/blm1-1 diploid strains was studied and compared. Approximately 88% of the tetrads derived from homozygous blm1-1/blm1-1 mutant diploid cells only produced one or two viable spores. In contrast, just one tetrad among all BLM1/BLM1 and BLM1/blm1-1 …

Selecting Differentially Expressed Genes From Microarray Experiments, Margaret S. Pepe, Gary M. Longton, Garnet L. Anderson, Michel Schummer

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

High throughput technologies, such as gene expression arrays and protein mass spectrometry, allow one to simultaneously evaluate thousands of potential biomarkers that distinguish different tissue types. Of particular interest here is cancer versus normal organ tissues. We consider statistical methods to rank genes (or proteins) in regards to differential expression between tissues. Various statistical measures are considered and we argue that two measures related to the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve are particularly suitable for this purpose. We also propose that sampling variability in the gene rankings be quantified and suggest using the “selection probability function”, the probability distribution of rankings …

Semiparametric Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis To Evaluate Biomarkers For Disease, Tianxi Cai, Margaret S. Pepe

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a popular method for characterizing the accuracy of diagnostic tests when test results are not binary. Various methodologies for estimating and comparing ROC curves have been developed. One approach, due to Pepe, uses a parametric regression model with the baseline function specified up to a finite-dimensional parameter. In this article we extend the regression models by allowing arbitrary nonparametric baseline functions. We also provide asymptotic distribution theory and procedures for making statistical inference. We illustrate our approach with dataset from a prostate cancer biomarker study. Simulation studies suggest that the extra flexibility inherent …

Semi-Parametric Regression For The Area Under The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, Lori E. Dodd, Margaret S. Pepe

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Medical advances continue to provide new and potentially better means for detecting disease. Such is true in cancer, for example, where biomarkers are sought for early detection and where improvements in imaging methods may pick up the initial functional and molecular changes associated with cancer development. In other binary classification tasks, computational algorithms such as Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines and Evolutionary Algorithms have been applied to areas as diverse as credit scoring, object recognition, and peptide-binding prediction. Before a classifier becomes an accepted technology, it must undergo rigorous evaluation to determine its ability to discriminate between states. Characterization of …

The Sensitivity And Specificity Of Markers For Event Times, Tianxi Cai, Margaret S. Pepe, Thomas Lumley, Yingye Zheng, Nancy Swords Jenny

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

The statistical literature on assessing the accuracy of risk factors or disease markers as diagnostic tests deals almost exclusively with settings where the test, Y, is measured concurrently with disease status D. In practice, however, disease status may vary over time and there is often a time lag between when the marker is measured and the occurrence of disease. One example concerns the Framingham Risk Score as a marker for the future risk of cardiovascular events, events that occur after the score is ascertained. To evaluate such a marker, one needs to take the time lag into account since the …

Research News: 2003, No. 1, University Of Mississippi. School Of Pharmacy

Research News: Grants and Publications (2000-2014)

Grants, publications, technology transfer, special announcements

Monoclonal Antibody 1a7 And Use For The Treatment Of Melanoma And Small Cell Carcinoma, Malaya Chatterjee, Kenneth A. Foon, Sunil K. Chatterjee

Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics Faculty Patents

The present invention relates to monoclonal antibody 1A7. This is an anti-idiotype produced by immunizing with an antibody specific for ganglioside GD2, and identifying a hybridoma secreting antibody with immunogenic potential in a multi-step screening process. Also disclosed are polynucleotide and polypeptide derivatives based on 1A7, including single chain variable region molecules and fusion proteins, and various pharmaceutical compositions. When administered to an individual, the 1A7 antibody overcomes immune tolerance and induces an immune response against GD2, which comprises a combination of anti-GD2 antibody and GD2-specific T cells. The invention further provides methods for treating a disease associated with altered …

Vinpocetine For Cognitive Impairment And Dementia, Peter J. Whitehouse

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Vinpocetine is a synthetic ethyl ester of apovincamine, a vinca alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the Lesser Periwinkle (Vinca minor) and discovered in the late 1960s. Although used in human treatment for over twenty years, it has not been approved by any regulatory body for the treatment of cognitive impairment. Basic sciences studies have been used to claim a variety of potentially important effects in the brain. However, despite these many proposed mechanisms and targets, the relevance of this basic science to clinical studies is unclear. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of vinpocetine in the treatment …

Ada News - 01/20/2003, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

The Effects Of State Dental Practice Laws Allowing Alternative Models Of Preventive Oral Health Care Delivery To Low-Income Children, Lea Nolan, Brian Kamoie, Jennel Harvey, Lissette Vaquerano, Sarah Blake, Satvinder Chawla, Jeffrey Levi, Sara J. Rosenbaum

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

The purpose of this project was to examine state dental practice laws and the extent to which they encourage alternative models of delivering preventive oral health care. This project encompassed two distinct study components: 1) an analysis of existing state dental statutes and regulations; and 2) case studies to examine the enactment of public health-oriented provisions encouraging alternative models of delivering preventive oral health care to low-income children; and the development and implementation of such alternative models.

Attitudes Of Developing World Physicians To Where Medical Research Is Performed And Reported, John Page, Richard F. Heller, Scott Kinlay, Lynette Lim, Wang Qian, Zheng Suping, Supornchai Kongpatanakul, Murtaza Akhtar, Salah Khedr, William Macharia

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Little is known about the influence of the site of research or publication on the impact of the research findings on clinical practice, particularly in developing countries. The International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) is dedicated to improving the quality of health research in the Developing World through institutional capacity building for evidence based medicine, and provided the opportunity to examine the likely impact of research location and journal location on physicians' practice in a number of the participating countries.

Methods: Physicians from secondary and tertiary hospitals in six cities located in China, Thailand, India, Egypt and Kenya were enrolled …

Evaluation Of The Penn Macy Initiative To Advance Academic Nursing Practice, Lois K. Evans Dnsc, Rn, Faan, Beth Ann Swan Phd, Crnp, Norma E. Lang Phd, Rn, Faan, Frcn

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

In the realm of academic practice, schools of nursing, especially those in research-intensive environments, face a dilemma. These schools are in the best position to shape nursing science through research based in academic practice. Yet they also face formidable challenges to maintaining balance among the three legs of the tripartite mission. The questions of whether and how to commit resources to move forward their academic practice agendas are not answered easily. The Penn Macy Initiative to Advance Academic Nursing Practice aimed to assist such schools in their development of academic practices through a week-long intensive institute and 1 year of …

Partial Auc Estimation And Regression, Lori E. Dodd, Margaret S. Pepe

UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series

Accurate disease diagnosis is critical for health care. New diagnostic and screening tests must be evaluated for their abilities to discriminate disease from non-diseased states. The partial area under the ROC curve (partial AUC) is a measure of diagnostic test accuracy. We present an interpretation of the partial AUC that gives rise to a new non-parametric estimator. This estimator is more robust than existing estimators, which make parametric assumptions. We show that the robustness is gained with only a moderate loss in efficiency. We describe a regression modelling framework for making inference about covariate effects on the partial AUC. Such …

Brown, Cindy Interview For The Miami Valley College Of Nursing And Health Oral History Project, Cindy Berger, Donna M. Curry, Cindy Brown

Wright State University - Miami Valley College of Nursing and Health Oral History Project

Cindy Berger and Donna Miles Curry interviewed Cindy Brown on January 9, 2003 about the founding of Wright State University College of Nursing and Health. In the interview, Brown discusses her career and her decision to come to Wright State as a student with the College of Nursing and Health.

Converging On Nursing Home Quality, Lisa Sprague

National Health Policy Forum

This paper looks at nursing home quality initiatives, built around public reporting of quality data, that have been inaugurated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the California HealthCare Foundation. How the projects were developed is explored, along with preliminary indicators of their impact on consumers and providers and likely next steps in their evolution.

Why Was My Major Professor So Busy? Establishing An Academic Career While Pursuing Applied Work, Lee M. Cohen, Robert D. Morgan, David Dilillo, Lisa Y. Flores

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

How do newly appointed academic psychologists with applied interests navigate the diverse and unique challenges of establishing themselves as academicians while pursuing clinical interests? Based on the experience of 4 new professionals. this article highlights the adjustments that must be made when making the transition from trainee to professional, the challenges encountered as a new faculty member, and the pursuit of applied interests as a junior faculty member. Strategies for avoiding the pitfalls that one may encounter when attempting to combine academic with applied interests are discussed.

Up-Regulation Of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (Ncs-1) In The Prefrontal Cortex Of Schizophrenic And Bipolar Patients, Phil Ok Koh, Ashiwel S. Undieh, Robert Levenson, Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic, Michael S. Lidow

Publications and Research

The delineation of dopamine dysfunction in the mentally ill has been a long-standing quest of biological psychiatry. The present study focuses on a recently recognized group of dopamine receptor- interacting proteins as possible novel sites of dysfunction in schizophrenic and bipolar patients. We demonstrate that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar cases from the Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium display significantly elevated levels of the D2 dopamine receptor desensitization regulatory protein, neuronal calcium sensor-1. These levels of neuronal calcium sensor-1 were not influenced by age, gender, hemisphere, cause of death, postmortem period, alcohol consumption, or antipsychotic and mood stabilizing …

Bridged Nicotine Compounds For Use In The Treatment Of Cns Pathologies, Peter A. Crooks, Linda P. Dwoskin, Rui Xu, Vladimir P. Grinevich

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Pharmaceutical compounds comprising bridged nicotine analogs of N-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) having selective antagonist properties at α3β2-containing nicotinic receptor subtypes, and compositions containing these compounds. The compounds and compositions are used to treat central nervous system pathologies.

Ada News - 01/06/2003, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.