Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Smoking Prevalence, Knowledge And Attitudes Among Medical Students In Karachi, Pakistan, F M. Khan, S J. Husain, A Laeeq, A Awais, S F. Hussain, J A. Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

A survey of smoking prevalence and attitudes was made among medical students randomly selected from classes at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Of 271 respondents, 14.4% were current smokers (22.0% male and 3.8% females) and 3.3% ex-smokers. A majority of students recognized the dangers associated with active as well as passive smoking although only 55% of current smokers planned to quit in the near future. Most smokers (96%) believed that they as well as other health professionals needed training on smoking cessation and 95% of all students believed that doctors should play a role model in smoking cessation by …

Imposed Constraints On The Smith-Waterman Alignment Algorithm For Enhanced Modeling Of A Single-Molecule Dna Sequencer, Patrick G. Humphrey, Gregory R. Bashford

Biomedical Imaging and Biosignal Analysis Laboratory

An effort has been underway to develop a system for de novo sequencing of single DNA molecules with very long reads. The system operates by optically detecting the passage of fluorescently tagged DNA bases through a detection zone. A successful system would be revolutionary with respect to speed, read length, cost and minimized laboratory infrastructure. An important part of system development is modeling of the detection process. In particular, predicting the expected error from a set of sequencing parameters is helpful in system design. This paper describes variations on the Smith-Waterman algorithm for subsequence alignment used in a single-molecule detection …

Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Modeling Of Skin Permeability, Deepak R. Keshwani, David D. Jones, Rhonda M. Brand

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

The skin is a major exposure route for many potentially toxic chemicals. It is, therefore, important to be able to predict the permeability of compounds through skin under a variety of conditions. Available skin permeability databases are often limited in scope and not conducive to developing effective models. This sparseness and ambiguity of available data prompted the use of fuzzy set theory to model and predict skin permeability. Using a previously published database containing 140 compounds, a rule-based Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model is shown to predict skin permeability of compounds using octanol-water partition coefficient, molecular weight, and temperature as inputs. Model …

Potential Roles Of Follicular Dendritic Cell–Associated Osteopontin In Lymphoid Follicle Pathology And Repair And In B Cell Regulation In Hiv-1 And Siv Infection, Qingsheng Li, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Lijie Duan, Timothy Schacker, Cavan Reilly, John V. Carlis, Jacob D. Estes, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

Osteopontin is a multifunctional protein with known roles in bone remodeling, wound healing, and normal and pathological immune responses. We showed in microarray studies that osteopontin gene expression is increased in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–infected lymphatic tissues after treatment, and we undertook mapping experiments to study osteopontin’s possible functions in this context. We discovered species-specific colocalization of osteopontin with the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network in lymphatic tissues in HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus infections, and we found that changes in FDC-associated osteopontin covary with changes in lymphoid follicles during acute and late stages of infection and in …

Play Therapy, Melissa A. Hardman

Graduate Research Papers

Play therapy techniques are valuable tools for a variety of professionals who work with children. One need not be a registered play therapist to implement play techniques when working with child clients. There are many types of clients that would benefit from play therapy. There are several different theoretical approaches, but the researcher chose to focus on Adlerian Play Therapy, Client-Centered Play Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy, and Psychodynamic Play Therapy. The paper considers the best location to implement play techniques, by urging the counselor to be aware of the setting's location within the building, ease of cleaning, available space, and …

Department Of Radiology-Annual Executive Summary Report-July 1, 2004 To June 30, 2005, Vijay M. Rao M.D.

Department of Radiology Administrative Documents and Reports

88 page Department of Radiology Annual Executive Summary Report, July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2005, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Health Professions Division Catalog 2005-2006, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

College Of Optometry Student Handbook 2005-2006, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Non-Traumatic Aortic Emergencies - Experience From A Tertiary Care Centre In, Nadeem Khan Ullah Khan, Junaid A. Razzak, Hasanat Sharif, Saqib Hamid Qazi

Department of Emergency Medicine

Objective: To review the incidence, clinical presentation and outcome of Non traumatic Aortic emergencies in a tertiary care hospital and its evaluation in the Emergency department (ED).
Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of cases presented to the ED at Aga Khan University Hospital during 15 year period (1988 - 2002) who had final diagnosis of Aortic Dissection or Ruptured Aortic Aneurysm. Patients without confirmatory investigations were excluded. We aimed at looking for the incidence, clinical presentation, evaluation in the ED and final outcome.
Results: Of the 12 cases, 7 had aortic dissection while the remaining 5 had ruptured aortic …

Disaster Drill At A University Hospital, Rifat Rehmani

Department of Emergency Medicine

The course of a disaster drill held on 23 October 2001 at Aga Khan University, Karachi is reported. The Hospital Emergency Plan was put to trial on that day. Volunteers were invited to become simulated casualties in the drill. Briefing seminars had been conducted with the key players of the hospital. The scenario was a man-made type disaster. A 747 jumbo jet with 200 passengers had crashed at the end of the runway at Quaid-e-Azam International Airport while taking off in a thunderstorm. Fifty casualties were sent to Emergency Room by ambulance. The Plan was activated and relevant units were …

Programming For Hiv Prevention In South African Schools: A Report On Program Implementation, Priscilla Reddy, Shegs James, Ann P. Mccauley

HIV and AIDS

An evaluation study conducted in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, provides important insights into whether learners who participated in a fact-based, interactive course had more knowledge about HIV risks, prevention, and care practices; more positive attitudes toward prevention practices and people living with HIV and AIDS; and a higher prevalence of reported safe behaviors than comparable learners who did not participate in the course. Results show that the Life Skills Grade 9 Curriculum had a positive impact of students’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS, attitudes about abstinence, and intention to use condoms. There was, however, no evidence of increased adoption of such protective …

Law, Medicine, And Religion: Towards A Dialogue And A Partnership In Biomedical Technology And Decision Making, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

Faith, religion, spirituality, and prayer have a current focused outreach and easy parlance in the market places and public squares of the nation. News stories and court cases abound with dramatic challenges to the placement of monuments to the Ten Commandments in public buildings and grounds, the use of God's name in school pledges of allegiance, the teaching of Darwinian or evolutionary science in public education, the role of faith and religion in health care healing, and even the value of affirmations of religious faith on the political hustings. The purpose of this article is to explore the conjunctive and …

Ic079: Headlines Newsletter, Vol. 8, No. 1, January-April 2005; Muse News Newsletter, Summer & Fall 2005, John P. Mcgovern Museum Of Health And Medical Science

Museum Publications (1998-2009)

McGovern Museum of Health and Medical Science January-April 2005 bulletin, Summer 2005, Fall 2005 featuring news and information on upcoming museum events, exhibits, and program. Also includes Invitation to Tailgate Party given by John P. McGovern Museum of Health and Science.

Female Genital Cutting Among The Somali Of Kenya And Management Of Its Complications, Guyo W. Jaldesa, Ian Askew, Carolyne Njue, Monica Wanjiru

Reproductive Health

The Somali community living in Kenya (and in their native Somalia) has practiced the severest form of female genital cutting (FGC)—infibulation—for centuries. To understand the context within which the practice takes place, and how its complications are managed, the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program undertook a diagnostic study that confirmed that FGC is a deeply rooted and widely supported cultural practice. Several closely related reasons are used to sustain the practice: religious obligation, family honor, and virginity as a prerequisite for marriage; an aesthetic preference for infibulated genitalia was also mentioned. The study also found that the health …

Technical Assistance And Training For Procosi Operations Research Program, Bolivia, Fernando Gonzales Salguero, Ricardo Vernon

Reproductive Health

In September 1999, PROCOSI, a Bolivian network of 24 nongovernmental organizations that provide health services, invited the Population Council Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program to provide technical assistance for designing and conducting operations research aimed at increasing the quality and impact of their reproductive health programs. In collaboration with PROCOSI, FRONTIERS conducted four training workshops on design of operations research projects, qualitative research methods, utilization and dissemination of research results, and preparing research reports. Technical assistance on other topics, such as developing research instruments, creating databases, and using EpiInfo for transcribing and analyzing data was provided on-site to each …

Enquêtes D'Acceptation De Paiment Destinées À Déterminer Les Prix Des Produits Et Services Dans Le Domaine De La Santé De La Reproduction : Manuel De L'Utilisateur, Karen G. Fleischman Foreit, James R. Foreit

Reproductive Health

Les enquêtes d’acceptation de paiement (willingness to pay—WTP) permettent aux directeurs de programmes de simuler les changements intervenant dans la demande en raison des prix sans les modifier réellement, ce qui leur donne un moyen de prendre des décisions relatives à la détermination des prix sur la base d’informations empiriques. Le présent document décrit une méthode d’enquête simple qui donne une estimation de l’acceptation de paiement par les clients pour les biens et services, ce qui permet aux directeurs de prendre des décisions rationnelles dans ce domaine. Il présente les avantages et les précautions à prendre lors d’une enquête WTP. …

The Stl Model: A Three-Dimensional Perspective On Organizational Change Programs, Manoj S. Patankar Ph.D., Thomas Bigda-Peyton Ph.D., Jeffery Brown M. Ed.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

This paper examines organizational change programs across aviation, healthcare, and financial services sectors. Based on the analysis of three key programs, a theoretical model, which could be used to describe the state of any organizational change program, is presented. This model is called the STL Model and is represented by three mutually perpendicular axes: scalability, transferability, and longevity. In simplest terms, scalability refers to “volume;” greater the volume of users of, or participants in, a particular change program, the greater the scalability of that change program. Transferability refers to the number of user-groups, whether within a specific discipline or outside. …

Complexity Mitigation Through Airspace Structure, M. L. Cummings, C. G. Tsonis, D. C. Cunha

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

Cognitive complexity is a term that appears frequently in air traffic control research literature, yet there has not been a significant distinction between different components of complexity, such as environmental, organizational, and display complexity, all which influence cognitive complexity. It is not well understood if and how these different sources of complexity add to controller cognitive complexity and workload. In order to address this need for complexity decomposition and deconstruction, an experiment was conducted to explore whether or not different components of complexity could be effectively measured and compared. The goal of the experiment was to quantify whether or not …

Validation Of A Modern Aviation Psychology Test Battery Using Aertificial Neural Networks: First Results Of Two Pilot Studies, Markus Sommer, Dr. G. Schuhfried Gmbh

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

The present paper deals with the problem of data integration in the context of aviation psychological assessment. In the first pilot study 99 pilot applicants completed a comprehensive test battery. The general judgment of the candidates’ performance in a flight simulator served as an external criterion. To examine the predictive validity of this test battery, both a discriminant analysis as well as an artificial neural network were calculated and compared with each other with regard to classification rate, stability, and their respective differentiability of suited and not suited applicants based on their success probabilities. The results of this first pilot …

Discussing Monotony In Atc: Effects Of Repetitive Traffic Patterns On Performance And Subjective Indicators, Sonj Straussberger, Wolfgang Kallus, Dirk Schaefer

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

This study addresses the concept of monotony in ATC and describes uneventful and repetitive work conditions evoking such a state. Psychophysiological effects of repetitiveness in two simulated ATC-scenarios of low or high dynamic density (DD) were investigated with 24 air traffic controllers (M=29.5 years, 18 male, six female). Interactions approached significance (p<0.1) in conflict resolution time for an out-of-routine conflict situation. Conflict resolution lasted longer in repetitive traffic and resolution time increased from the first to the second run. Those findings are supported by a composite score of subjective attentiveness, fatigue, sleepiness, and concentration with lower values found in repetitive conditions. Although generally decreasing, the switch from low to high DD was rated favorably on the hedonic tone, while tense arousal was reacting more pronounced in non repetitive and low-high condition. In combination with the development of earlier reported cardiovascular (heart rate, heart rate variability) and subjective indicators the results underline the significance of a multidimensional assessment of monotony in ATC.

Collective Training Research Utilizing Returning Combat Aircrews, Lessons Learned, Dr. Larry Katz, Kurt Kline

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

This paper describes an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the U.S. Army’s Aircrew Coordination Training Enhancement (ACTE) program delivered by distance learning. A large-scale experiment was designed and executed using three groups of aircrews that received either electronic classroom-based instruction with instructor facilitation on site, distance learning training using the unit’s local Digital Training Facility with the primary instructor off site, or no training. Aircrews with varying levels of experience recently returning from combat were evaluated using event-based scenarios performed in the Aviation Combined Arms Tactical Trainer (AVCATT). Measures were developed within Kirkpatrick’s (1998) framework. Execution of the experiment …

Evaluation Of Pilot And Runway Characteristics Associated With Runway Incursions, Kathleen Mcgarry, Gregory Niehus

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

A study was conducted to determine possible pilot and airport characteristics that could be used to predict surface incidents (SI) committed by pilots. The study was conducted by analyzing the videotape data from a previous simulation study (Surface Technology Assessment Product Team, 2004) that tested the ability of dynamic taxiway message signs called Addressable Message Boards (AMB) to enhance pilot situation awareness (SA) and reduce the likelihood of SIs at controlled airports. The current study did not take into consideration the impact of AMBs on SIs, but specifically focused on pilot and scenario characteristics. The results of the study indicate …

A Preliminary Study Of 24-Hour Post-Cesarean Patient Controlled Analgesia: Postoperative Pain Reports And Morphine Requests/Utilization Are Greater In Abstaining Smokers Than Non-Smokers, Alan P. Marco, Mark K. Greenwald, Michael S. Higgins

Anesthesiology Faculty Publications

Previous clinical studies have not examined the relationship between nicotine abstinence and opioid use for postoperative analgesia. This may be important because tobacco smokers are routinely required to abstain from smoking just before and during acute post-surgical recovery. This study investigated IV morphine self-administration [patient controlled analgesia (PCA)], subjective pain/drug effects and other measures during post-operative (elective Cesarean section) recovery.

These preliminary data suggest that a history of nicotine use and/or short-term nicotine abstinence can modulate morphine use and analgesia during post-operative recovery. These procedures provide a model for studying patterns and determinants of analgesic self-administration in medical settings.

Pilot Acceptance, Compliance, And Performance With An Airborne Conflict Management Toolset, Nathan A. Doble, Richard Barhydt, Dr. Karthik Krishnamurthy

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

A human-in-the-loop experiment was conducted at the NASA Ames and Langley Research Centers, investigating the En Route Free Maneuvering component of a future air traffic management concept termed Distributed Air/Ground Traffic Management (DAG-TM). NASA Langley test subject pilots used the Autonomous Operations Planner (AOP) airborne toolset to detect and resolve traffic conflicts, interacting with subject pilots and air traffic controllers at NASA Ames. Experimental results are presented, focusing on conflict resolution maneuver choices, AOP resolution guidance acceptability, and performance metrics. Based on these results, suggestions are made to further improve the AOP interface and functionality.

Effects Of A Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal (Faros) On Pilots’ Flight Path Tracking, Traffic Detection, And Air Traffic Control Communications, John Helleberg

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

Eighteen pilot participants with varying experience levels flew 36 approaches in a medium fidelity cockpit simulator. Eighteen baseline trials were flown with a standard Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) and 18 trials were flown with the proposed Flashing PAPI (FPAPI). The results showed a significant increase in lateral tracking error with the FPAPI as compared to the PAPI trials, but no increase in vertical tracking errors. There was also a trend toward an increase in the number of radio communications with the FPAPI. Pilots were able to determine runway occupancy status and land or go-around as required in both the …

Pediatric Window Falls: Not Just A Problem For Kids In High Rises, Nora L. Vish, E C. Powell, D Wiltsek, K M. Sheehan

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Abstract

Background: Window falls are a frequent cause of injury (15/100 000) among Chicago preschool children. In Boston and New York, public health efforts have successfully decreased window fall injuries. Local data are needed to develop appropriate interventions for Chicago.

Objective: To describe the housing characteristics and types of injuries among children who fell from windows treated in a Chicago pediatric trauma center.

Methods: Children treated in a pediatric trauma center for injuries related to window falls between 1995 and 2002 were identified retrospectively. We reviewed family demographics, the circumstances of the fall, and types of injuries. Site visits were …

Master Of Medical Science Graduate Distance Education Program Overview, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Tale Of A Woman With Stomatitis And Response Of Health Care System, Waris Qidwai

Department of Family Medicine

A 55 year-old housewife presented to the Family Medicine Clinic due to recurrent oral ulcers for a year. She also had generalized itching, weakness, anorexia and abdominal distension after meals. She had visited several practitioners including family physicians and sub-specialists but a diagnosis was not reached. She was diagnosed to have Lichen Planus and Hepatitis C at family practice clinic. Since a health care system does not properly exist, patients seek treatment from sub-specialists without first consulting a primary care practitioner. This report identifies a failure in health care system and it is also recommended that all patients should be …

Dietary Supplements And Sports Performance: Amino Acids, Melvin H. Williams

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

This is the third in a series of six articles to discuss the major classes of dietary supplements (vitamins; minerals; amino acids; herbs or botanicals; metabolites, constituents/extracts, or combinations). The major focus is on efficacy of such dietary supplements to enhance exercise or sport performance.

Dietary Supplements And Sports Performance: Minerals, Melvin H. Williams

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Minerals are essential for a wide variety of metabolic and physiologic processes in the human body. Some of the physiologic roles of minerals important to athletes are their involvement in: muscle contraction, normal hearth rhythm, nerve impulse conduction, oxygen transport, oxidative phosphorylation, enzyme activation, immune functions, antioxidant activity, bone health, and acid-base balance of the blood. The two major classes of minerals are the macrominerals and the trace elements. The scope of this article will focus on the ergogenic theory and the efficacy of such mineral supplementation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2( 1): 43-49, 2005.