Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Simulation Evaluation Of A Human-Centered Approach To Flight Deck Procedures And Automation For En Route Free Maneuvering, Walter W. Johnson, Vernol Battiste, Stacie Granada, Nancy Johnson, Arik Quang Dao, Dominic Wong, Anthony Tang

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

A joint simulation was conducted by NASA Ames and Langley Research Centers. This paper presents flight deck performance and subjective data collected at the NASA Ames Research Center. During the simulation of en route free maneuvering, the presence and mixture of managed and autonomous aircraft was manipulated, as was the number of autonomous aircraft.. These manipulations allowed for an examination of the viability of both conducting mixed AFR-IFR operations, and of substantially increasing en route traffic through insertion of AFR aircraft. The Ames airside performance and pilot comment data support the safety and feasibility of the concept, with double en …

Flight Test Evaluation Of Situation Awareness Benefits Of Integrated Synthetic Vision System Technology For Commercial Aircraft, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Lynda J. Kramer, Jarvis J. Arthur Iii, Randall E. Bailey, J. Raymond Comstock

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

Research was conducted onboard a Gulfstream G-V aircraft to evaluate integrated Synthetic Vision System concepts during flight tests over a 6-week period at the Wallops Flight Facility and Reno/Tahoe International Airport. The NASA Synthetic Vision System incorporates database integrity monitoring, runway incursion prevention alerting, surface maps, enhanced vision sensors, and advanced pathway guidance and synthetic terrain presentation. The paper details the goals and objectives of the flight test with a focus on the situation awareness benefits of integrating synthetic vision system enabling technologies for commercial aircraft.

Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication: Uniform Methods And Rules, Effective January 1, 2005

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

These Uniform Methods and Rules (UM&R) are the minimum standards adopted and approved by the Deputy Administrator, Veterinary Services (VS), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), on January 20, 2005. They were established for the maintenance of tuberculosis-free accredited herds of cattle and bison and the maintenance of State or zone status in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) tuberculosis eradication program.

These minimum standards do not preclude the adoption of more stringent standards by any State or zone.

Optimising Physiotherapy Care For Acute Low Back Pain – Identifying Non-Responders To Treatment, James H. Mcauley, Benedict M. Wand, C Bird, Lorraine H. De Souza

Health Sciences Conference Papers

Recent evidence suggests that positive effects of physiotherapy for acute low back pain patients can be achieved if treatment is delivered early enough. However it is clear that not all patients treated with physiotherapy are likely to report equally positive outcomes from their treatment. The identification of clinical characteristics of those patients who do less well will help refine models of care for acute low back pain.

Aim: To identify non-responders to early active physiotherapy.

Method: A secondary analysis was conducted on the data from a recently published randomised controlled trial of early physiotherapy for acute low back pain. All …

A Developed Country Approach To Eliminating Blinding Trachoma, Donna B. Mak

Medical Conference Papers

In Australia trachoma is endemic, only in pockets among aboriginal people. The TF prevalence in school-age children in 2002−2003 ranged from 0−27% (district) and 0−60% (community).⁴ Trichiasis in indigenous adults in highly disease-endemic communities over the age of 40 years is approximately 10%. There are limited data on face-washing, but a survey of three schools in 2004 gave rates of 55%. The rate of latrine use and access to water is almost universal (96%).

Language Production: A Complex Dynamic System With A Chronometric Footprint, Kim Kirsner, John Dunn, Kathryn Hird

Medical Conference Papers

In this paper we outline a new approach to the study of language production. Central to this approach is the assumption that communication takes place in a dynamic environment in which cognitive resources are deployed to achieve ‘Right-Time’ as distinct from ‘Fast-as-Possible’ solutions. This is based on the assumption that language production includes a single, integrated, interactive process that recruits and coordinates information from a variety of internal, external and interactive sources to build each speech segment. The output of this process is reflected in the longer of the two log-normal pause duration distributions observed in spontaneous speech (Kirsner, Dunn, …

Aphasia Classification: The Relationship Between Objective Measures Of Spontaneous Speaking Samples And Naive Listener Judgments Of Similarity And Fluency, Kathryn Hird, Joanne Silvestri, John Dunn, Kim Kirsner

Medical Conference Papers

For an objective measure to be useful in a clinical setting it must correlate with perceptions of the speaker and what is considered “normal” (Kreiman, Gerratt, Kempster, Erman, & Berke, 1993). Perceptions of the functional communicative abilities of people with aphasia do not correlate well with changes on decontextualised linguistic measures (Wertz, 1999). In addition, the current practice of reliance on specific perceptual ratings of fluency of speech has been shown to be unreliable (Gordon, 1998; Kent, 1996,). Using a multidimensional scaling technique Kreiman, Gerratt & Precoda (1990) found that naïve and expert listeners attended to different aspects of voice …

The Effects Of Ppa And Nicotine Gum On Cessation Rates And Post Cessation Weight Gain In Women., Theodore Cooper, R. Klesges, M. Debon, S. Zbikowski, K. Johnson, L. Clemens

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

Cost - Minimization Analysis Of Treprostinil Vs. Epoprostenol As An Alternate To Oral Therapy: Non - Responders For The Treatment Of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Lutchmie Narine, L. Hague, J. Walker, C. Vicente

Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Treprostinil was compared to epoprostenol for the economic impact of treating IPAH patients who failed or were not candidates for bosentan. METHODS: The model was a cost-minimization analysis, assuming clinical equivalence was achieved by proper dosing of both drugs, in terms of survival and surrogate measures. Two theoretical cohorts of 270 patients were treated with subcutaneous treprostinil and intravenous epoprostenol, and were evaluated over 3 years using a spreadsheet model. Annual survival rates were estimated for the cohorts so that at endpoint 114 (42%) patients survived in both …

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: 2005 Annual Report

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Personnel
VBMS Teaching Program - Courses 2005
VBMS Grants and Contracts Program, 2005
Publications by VBMS Faculty in 2005
Selected Committees, Editorial and Other Appointments. 2005
Articles Regarding the Department in 2005
Departmental Budget Summaries, 2005
Nebraska Agricultural Statistics, 2004/2005.

Genome Size And Organization In The Blacklegged Tick, Ixodes Scapularis And The Southern Cattle Tick, Boophilus Microplus, A. J. Ullmann, C. M. R. Lima, F. D. Guerrero, J. Piesman, W. C. Black Iv

United States Public Health Resources

Genome sizes and the organization of repetitive DNA were determined in the hard ticks Ixodes scapularis and Boophilus microplus using reassociation kinetics. The I. scapularis genome contains ~ 2.15 pg (2.1 × 10 ³ Mbp) of DNA and consists of no foldback (FB), 27% highly repetitive (HR), 39% moderately repetitive (MR), and 34% unique DNA. The B. microplus genome contains 7.5 pg (7.1 × 10 ³ Mbp) DNA, and consists of 0.82% FB, 31% HR, 38% MR, and 30% unique DNA. In both species, repetitive sequences occur in a mixture of long and short period interspersion but most (65–80%) of …

Evolutionary Genetics Of A New Pathogenic Escherichia Species: Escherichia Albertii And Related Shigella Boydii Strains, Katie E. Hyma, David W. Lacher, Adam M. Nelson, Alyssa C. Bumbaugh, J. Michael Janda, Nancy A. Strockbine, Vincent B. Young, Thomas S. Whittam

United States Public Health Resources

A bacterium originally described as Hafnia alvei induces diarrhea in rabbits and causes epithelial damage similar to the attachment and effacement associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Subsequent studies identified similar H. alvei-like strains that are positive for an intimin gene (eae) probe and, based on DNA relatedness, are classified as a distinct Escherichia species, Escherichia albertii. We determined sequences for multiple housekeeping genes in five E. albertii strains and compared these sequences to those of strains representing the major groups of pathogenic E. coli and Shigella. A comparison of 2,484 codon positions in 14 …

Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia Coli Infections In The United States, 1983–2002, John T. Brooks, Evangeline G. Sowers, Joy G. Wells, Katherine D. Greene Greene, Patricia M. Griffin, Robert M. Hoekstra, Nancy A. Strockbine

United States Public Health Resources

Background. Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 is a well-recognized cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Non-O157 STEC contribute to this burden of illness but have been underrecognized as a result of diagnostic limitations and inadequate surveillance.

Methods. Between 1983 and 2002, 43 state public health laboratories submitted 940 human non-O157 STEC isolates from persons with sporadic illnesses to the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention reference laboratory for confirmation and serotyping.

Results. The most common serogroups were O26 (22%), O111 (16%), O103 (12%), O121 (8%), O45 (7%), and O145 (5%). Non-O157 STEC infections were …

Identification And Characterization Of Shigella Boydii 20 Serovar Nov., A New And Emerging Shigella Serotype, David L. Woodward, Clifford G. Clark, Richard A. Caldeira, Rafiq Ahmed, Geoff Soule, Louis Bryden, Helen Tabor, Pasquale Melito, Roger Foster, Julie Walsh, Lai-King Ng, Georgia B. Malcolm, Nancy Strockbine, Frank G. Rodgers

United States Public Health Resources

Analysis of 163 putative Shigella isolates from Canada and the USA showed biochemical reactions consistent with Shigella species, although none of the isolates reacted with antiserum raised against any of the well-established or provisional Shigella serotypes. All these isolates, provisionally designated serotype SH108, were positive for the ipaH gene and the invasion-associated locus. All fermented mannitol, were serologically indistinguishable from each other and showed no reaction in antisera prepared against Escherichia coli serotypes O1 to O181. PCR-RFLP analysis of the genes involved in O-antigen synthesis revealed a common pattern among these isolates that was distinct from recognized Shigella serotypes and …

Evaluating Current Policy For Detecting Mosaicism In Amniotic Fluid Cultures: Implications For Current Cell Counting Practices, Samuel P. Caudill, Daniel L. Van Dyke, Andrew T. L. Chen, John A. Reidy, Paul S. Ing, Stuart Schwartz, Gail H. Vance

United States Public Health Resources

Chromosomal mosaicism is one of the most vexing problems for clinical cytogenetic laboratories and personnel time used for analysis at the microscope is one of the principle costs in cytogenetic laboratories. We use data collected from 26 cytogenetic laboratories to evaluate whether the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines for minimum number of cells to count to exclude mosaicism in amniotic fluid specimens is appropriate. An accurate estimate of the number of mosaics that are missed by current cell counting practices is an important step in this process. Thus, we present a new method for estimating the number of mosaics …

Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of A Porcine Ul16 Binding Protein (Ulbp)-Like Cdna, Carmen N. Garcia-Borges, Bounleut Phanavanh, Sarika Saraswati, Richard A. Dennis, Mark D. Crew

United States Public Health Resources

UL16 binding proteins (ULBPs) are ligands for the NK cell activating receptor NKG2D. A cDNA encoding a porcine ULBP-like protein (PULBP) was cloned and the predicted amino acid sequence exhibited 35–52% identity to human ULBPs. Southern blot analysis suggested that there is only one ULBP-like gene in the pig genome. Transcripts of PULBP and another potential NKG2D ligand, MIC2, were detected by RT-PCR in a wide range of tissues. Recombinant PULBP-Fc and human ULBP2-Fc fusion proteins were made and used to examine PULBP binding to porcine PBMCs and a human NK cell line (NKL cells). PULBP-Fc bound to a subpopulation …

Phylogenetic Analysis Of North American West Nile Virus Isolates, 2001–2004: Evidence For The Emergence Of A Dominant Genotype, C. Todd Davis, Gregory D. Ebel, Robert S. Lanciotti, Aaron C. Brault, Hilda Guzman, Marina Siirin, Amy Lambert, Ray E. Parsons, David W.C. Beasley, Robert J. Novak, Darwin Elizondo-Quiroga, Emily N. Green, David S. Young, Lillian M. Stark, Michael A. Drebot, Harvey Artsob, Robert B. Tesh, Laura D. Kramer, Alan D.T. Barrett

United States Public Health Resources

The distribution of West Nile virus has expanded in the past 6 years to include the 48 contiguous United States and seven Canadian provinces, as well as Mexico, the Caribbean islands, and Colombia. The suggestion of the emergence of a dominant genetic variant has led to an intensive analysis of isolates made across North America. We have sequenced the premembrane and envelope genes of 74 isolates and the complete genomes of 25 isolates in order to determine if a dominant genotype has arisen and to better understand how the virus has evolved as its distribution has expanded. Phylogenetic analyses revealed …

Agricultural Pesticide Use And Risk Of Glioma In Nebraska, United States, W. J. Lee, J. S. Colt, E. F. Heineman, R. Mccomb, D. D. Weisenburger, W. Lijinsky, M. H. Ward

United States Public Health Resources

Background: To evaluate the risk of the adult glioma associated with farming and agricultural pesticide use, the authors conducted a population based case control study in eastern Nebraska.
Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with men and women diagnosed with gliomas (n = 251) between 1988 and 1993 and controls (n = 498) randomly selected from the same geographical area. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for farming and for use of individual and chemical classes of insecticides and herbicides, including pesticides classified as nitrosatable (able to form N-nitroso compounds upon reaction with nitrite). Non-farmers were …

Role Of Elevated S-Adenosylhomocysteine In Rat Hepatocyte Apoptosis: Protection By Betaine, Kusum K. Kharbanda, David D. Rogers Ii, Mark E. Mailliard, Gerri L. Siford, Anthony J. Barak, Harriet C. Beckenhauer, Michael F. Sorrell, Dean J. Tuma

United States Public Health Resources

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that ethanol consumption results in an increase in hepatocellular S-adenosylhomocysteine levels. Because S-adenosylhomocysteine is a potent inhibitor of methylation reactions, we propose that increased intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine levels could be a major contributor to ethanol-induced pathologies. To test this hypothesis, hepatocytes isolated from rat livers were grown on collagen-coated plates in Williams’ medium E containing 5% FCS and exposed to varying concentrations of adenosine in order to increase intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine levels. We observed increases in caspase-3 activity following exposure to adenosine. This increase in caspase activity correlated with increases in intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine levels and …

Measurements Of Constraint Of Total Knee Replacement, H. Haider, P.S. Walker

United States Public Health Resources

Measurement of the constraint of total knee components in a test machine provides an objective method of describing the laxity and stability characteristics of the implant itself, independent of the knee joint into which it would be implanted. A special fixture was designed and fitted to a Bionix multi-channel loading machine. The test consisted of applying a compressive load, applying a cyclic AP force or internal-external torque, and measuring all of the displacements and rotations. Three different commonly-used TKR’s showed widely different constraint characteristics. In the cyclic AP test, along with the cyclic AP displacement, displacements and rotations occurred in …

Effect Of Cirrhosis On Antibiotic Efficacy In A Rat Model Of Pneumococcal Pneumonia, Laurel C. Preheim, Keith M. Olsen, Mei Yue, Mary U. Snitily, Martha J. Gentry-Nielsen

United States Public Health Resources

A rat model was used to study the effects of cirrhosis on antibiotic therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia. Cirrhotic and control male Sprague-Dawley rats were infected transtracheally with type 3 Streptococcus pneumonia. Treatment began 18 h later with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), azithromycin (50 mg/kg), trovafloxacin (50 mg/kg), or ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg) injected subcutaneously twice daily for 5 days. Antibiotic concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Azithromycin, trovafloxacin, and ceftriaxone were all equally effective at preventing mortality in both cirrhotic and normal rats. Free fraction area under the curve to minimum inhibitory concentration ratio (AUC/MIC) and maximum calculated serum concentration …

Rat Sinusoidal Liver Endothelial Cells (Secs) Produce Pro-Fibrotic Factors In Response To Adducts Formed From The Metabolites Of Ethanol, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Michael J. Duryee, Thomas L. Freeman, Michael F. Sorrell, Monte S. Willis, Dean J. Tuma, Lynell W. Klassen

United States Public Health Resources

Previous studies with alcohol-associated malondialdehyde–acetaldehyde (MAA)-modified proteins have demonstrated an increase in the expression of adhesion molecules, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines by rat sinusoidal liver endothelial cells (SECs). However, no studies have been initiated to examine the effects of MAA-modified proteins on the expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, fibronectin and its isoforms. For these studies, SECs were isolated from the liver of normal rats, and exposed to MAA-modified bovine serum albumin (MAA–Alb). At selected time points, the total plasma and cellular fibronectin were determined by Western blot. Injection of rat liver via the mesenteric vein with …

Delayed Supramalleolar Flap: An Innovative Technique For Enhanced Viability, Syed Kamran Ahmed, Pervaiz Mehmood Hashmi

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Background: Delaying flap rotation for 48 to 72 hours leads to opening of choke anastomotic vessels linking adjacent vascular territories. This mechanism enhances flap circulation. Lateral supramalleolar flap with larger dimensions or vascular variations can potentially have survival problems. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of delayed lateral supramalleolar flap.
Methods: This descriptive case series was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from May 1999 to December 2004. Eight cases of delayed lateral supramalleolar flap were identified through medical records maintained through Health Information Management Systems (HIMS). A detailed questionnaire was developed addressing variables of …

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (Bcg) Lymphadenitis: Changing Trends And Management, Zafar Nazir, Saqib Hamid Qazi

Section of Paediatric Surgery

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is performed as a part of expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI). Suppurative lymphadenitis is the common complication of BCG vaccination. The optimum treatment for this complication is debated.
Methods: All cases of BCG lymphadenitis presenting to pediatric surgical service over a 17-year study period were reviewed to determine the optimum treatment for this problem.
Results: Sixty children were referred for the management of BCG lymphadenitis during the study period. Most patients (n=43) presented during 1988 and 1990. Children were healthy and received BCG (Pasteur strain) vaccination at EPI during first 2 months of life. Initially …

Spatial Management Of Wildlife Disease, Richard Horan, Christopher Wolf, Eli P. Fenichel, Kenneth H. Mathews, Jr.

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

The spread of wildlife diseases is a major threat to livestock, human health, resource-based recreation, and biodiversity conservation (Cleaveland, Laurenson, and Taylor). The development of economically sound wildlife disease-management strategies requires an understanding of the links between ecological functions (e.g., disease transmission and wildlife dispersal) and economic choices, and the associated tradeoffs. Spatial linkages are particularly relevant. Yet while ecologists have long-argued that space is important (Hudson et al.), prior economic work has largely ignored spatial issues.

For instance, Horan and Wolf analyzed a case study of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Michigan deer, a problem where the disease appears to …

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: 2005 Activities Report And Conference Proceedings

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

On June 7 and 8, 2005, the State of Michigan and U.S. Department of Agriculture hosted the ninth annual bovine Tuberculosis (TB) meeting of scientists, with the intent to share research information and provide updates on policies, regulations and activities regarding bovine TB.

This document is a thank you to stakeholders and serves as an annual report offering insight into the finer points of this multi-agency project. The year 2005 has been one of milestones. The Upper Peninsula received TB-Free Status; only one TB positive farm was found during routine surveillance testing; and the disease prevalence rate in Deer Management …

The Un And The Responsibility To Practice Public Health, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Reducing The Transmission Of Hiv And Sexually Transmitted Infections In A Mining Community: Findings From The Carletonville Mothusimpilo Intervention Project: 1998 To 2001, Lewis Ndhlovu, Catherine Searle, Johannes Van Dam, Yodwa Mzaidume, Bareng Rasego, Solly Moema

HIV and AIDS

The Horizons program, in collaboration with the Center for Scientific and Industrial Research, the South African Institute for Medical Research, and the London School of Economics, conducted an intervention study in the mining town of Carletonville, South Africa to examine the social determinants of the HIV epidemic, and to assess the impact of a targeted program of HIV and STI prevention and service delivery. The project did not reduce STI prevalence or HIV prevalence, as changing sexual behavior is far more complex than educating individuals about HIV. The report recommends interventions to support behavioral change education, STI treatment, the role …

Dinámica De Seroconversión En Hembras Bovinas Post Eliminación De Animales Portadores Del Virus De La Diarrea Viral Bovina., Jayashi Cesar F., Gavidia Cesar C., Mariluz Araínga, Alberto Manchego, Hermelinda G. Rivera

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

A study was conducted to determine the effect of culling BVDV carrier animals on the seroconversion against BVDV in the new generation of heifers from a dairy herd located in Arequipa, Peru. Blood samples were collected from 6-12 month old females in four sampling periods: January (n = 73), June (n = 48), October 2003 (n = 48), and January 2004 (n = 35) to evaluate their serological against BVDV status and to screen for carrier animals using the virus neutralization and antigen-capture ELISA tests, respectively. The prevalence of BVDV was 80.8 ± 9.0, 56.3 ± 14.0, 50.0 ± 14.2 …

Identification Of Neuronal Enhancers Of The Proopiomelanocortin Gene By Transgenic Mouse Analysis And Phylogenetic Footprinting, Flavio S. J. De Souza, Andrea M. Santangelo, Viviana Bumaschny, Marıa Elena Avale, James L. Smart, Malcolm J. Low, Marcelo Rubinstein

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

The proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene is expressed in the pituitary and arcuate neurons of the hypothalamus. POMC arcuate neurons play a central role in the control of energy homeostasis, and rare loss of function mutations in POMC cause obesity. Moreover, POMC is the prime candidate gene within a highly significant quantitative trait locus on chromosome 2 associated with obesity traits in several human populations. Here, we identify two phylogenetically conserved neuronal POMC enhancers designated nPE1 (600 bp) and nPE2 (150 bp) located approximately 10 to 12 kb upstream of mammalian POMC transcriptional units. We show that mouse or human genomic regions …