Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Anti-Obesity Effects Of Xanthohumol Are Mediated Partly By The Adenosine Monophosphate-Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway, Janaiya Samuels, Srujana Rayalam

Research Day

Xanthohumol (XN), a flavonoid compound extracted from the hop plant Humulus lupus, has been studied for its anti-cancer and anti-adipogenic effects. In this study, we have investigated the effects of XN on the inhibition of adipogenesis and the induction of browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the first time on the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in XN-induced anti-obesity effects. Browning of white adipose tissue, WAT, is emerging as a novel approach to address obesity. AMPK is activated in response to stress-like exposure to cold and has been shown to induce browning of …

Direct And Indirect Effects Of Guggulsterone On The Induction Of Beiging In Mature 3t3-L1 Adipocytes, Janaiya Samuels, Colette Miller, Yusra Azhar, Ashish Parmar, Rangaiah Shashidharamurthy, Srujana Rayalam

Research Day

Phytochemicals have long demonstrated anti-obesity properties in adipocytes. Their ability, however, to induce browning in white adipose tissue is only beginning to emerge. We have recently established that the white adipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1, is capable of beiging under beta-adrenergic conditions. Using this information, we sought to investigate if the plant steroid guggulsterone (GS) can induce beiging in 3T3-L1s. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated using established protocols supplemented with rosiglitazone and thyroid hormone. Direct effects of GS were measured by treating mature 3T3-L1s for 24 hours. Indirect effects were measured by treating mature 3T3-L1s with conditioned media from GS-treated RAW 264.7 …

Appropriateness Of Statin Dose In High Risk Patients Post-Pci/Cabg At Gwinnett Medical Center, Brandon Cunningham, Samuel N. John

Research Day

Title: Appropriateness of Statin Dose in High Risk Patients Post-PCI/CABG at Gwinnett Medical Center

Primary investigator: Brandon Cunningham, PharmD

Mentor: Mary George, PharmD

Background: American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for cholesterol and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) recommend high intensity statins for secondary prevention in high-risk coronary artery disease patients as they have been proven to significantly reduce recurrence of cardiovascular events. Analyses and reports have shown that major gaps still remain in implementation of high-intensity statins in these patients, despite strong guideline recommendations.

Based on these previous analyses and observations in prescribing practices, we decided to …

Retrospective Review Of Maternal And Fetal Outcomes For Indigent Gestational Diabetes Clinic, Sara Wilson Reece, Harish S. Parihar, Mark Martinez

Research Day

This poster presentation will detail the history of indigent gestational diabetes clinic as well as describe methods, results and conclusions for 2 year retrospective chart review for 157 pregestational and gestational Latino diabetes patients. The objective of this review was to determine if there were statistically significant differences in maternal and fetal outcomes between diet only and diet + insulin groups.

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Pharmacy Practice Residents In Preceptorship And Academia Through A Postgraduate Year 1 (Pgy-1) Teaching Certificate Program, Samuel N. John

Research Day

The Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM) School of Pharmacy launched its first residency program in July 2015 and attained full accreditation by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists in April 2017. The residency program offers a required teaching certificate to its residents in addition to its focus on the residents clinical development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of the PCOM Teaching and Learning Curriculum. This program provides its residents training needed to develop their teaching skills by attending mandatory seminars, participating in various teaching experiences (pharmacy practice laboratories, case studies in therapeutics, small and large …

Magnetic Drug Delivery Of Xanthohumol To Adipocytes Using Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles., Irandokht Khaki Najafabadi, Janaiya Samuels, Royce Dansby-Sparks, Srujana Rayalam, Vicky Mody

Research Day

According to the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics, more than one-third (36.5%) of U.S adults are obese. It is the main risk factor for type-2-diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Nutraceuticals such as Xanthohumol have shown potential to inhibit adipogeneis, however, their bioavailability has remained controversial. Hence there is a need to develop targeted therapy which will increase the concentration of Xanthohumol on adipose tissues. Currently, magnetic drug delivery has been used to develop targeted therapies where conventional therapies have proven to be less effective. Among various types of nanoparticles ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO) have found considerable attention …

Analysis Of The Effects Of Tgf-Β Mediated Reduction Of Caveolin-1 Expression Following Cellular Interaction With A Biological Extracellular Matrix, Shelby Sweat, Abigail Hielscher

Research Day

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Though extensive work has been done to address the underlying mechanism of disease in order to develop novel therapeutic agents, only recently has the focus been shifted from breast cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment. Caveolin-1, a membrane protein regulating fibronectin turnover, has been directly implicated in poor prognosis when downregulated. In order to determine whether or not fibronectin works directly to downregulate caveolin-1, we plated human mammary fibroblasts on fibronectin derived from human plasma and observed changes in caveolin-1 at 24 and 48 hours. We found that fibronectin …

Inhibiting Infectivity Of The Spindle Shaped Virus Using Silver Nanoparticles, Diana S. Demchenko

Student Research Symposium

Exploring the inhibiting factors of silver nanoparticles could change the way we approach drug-resistant viruses. In previous research, silver nanoparticles have shown to physically block viruses, such as HIV-1, from infecting its host by theoretically binding to surface receptors on the virus. Since there is little research done in this area, we have decided to combine silver nanoparticles with a virus that thrives within an extreme environment: the Spindle Shaped virus. By combining these two factors, we could reveal the biological and chemical properties that block the virus from infecting its host, Sulfolobus. Currently, we have collected data that shows …

Comparing The Effects Of Phonomotor Treatment And Semantic Feature Analysis On Discourse Production For Individuals With Aphasia, Kasey Graue

Student Research Symposium

Phonomotor treatment is a program designed to address anomic deficits in people with aphasia (PWA) by training speech sounds in isolation before progressing to sound combinations and single words (Kendall et al., 2013). Kendall et al. (2015) investigated phonomotor treatment in a sample of 26 PWA, reporting improved naming of untrained nouns and ultimate generalization of phonologic processing abilities. Despite emerging literature on the effects of the phonomotor treatment on single word production, research is limited at the discourse level. This study’s objective is to examine the extent that phonomotor treatment used for PWA increases the amount of correct information …

Evaluating Knowledge Of Developmental Disabilities Among Wic Participants, Carolina Regalado Murillo, Katharine Zuckerman, Alison Chavez, Julie A. Reeder

Student Research Symposium

Background: Children in racial/ethnic minority and low-income families are more likely to experience low rates of early developmental disability (DD) diagnosis. Racial/ethnic and language differences in parent information about DDs could contribute to diagnostic delays, but little is known about differences in parent DD familiarity.

Objectives: To assess DD knowledge and information in a sample of low-income families.

Methods: We conducted a self-administered survey on 539 parents attending their child’s appointment at the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in six Oregon counties. Survey items assessed familiarity with early signs of DDs, self-reported knowledge about DDs, …

Nonword Reading In Children Who Do And Do Not Stutter, Bailey Broxson, Laura Qualls, Tram Nguyen

Student Research Symposium

Stuttering is a multifactorial disorder characterized by disruptions in the forward flow of speech (ASHA). Previous research has demonstrated that children and adults who stutter have phonological working memory systems that are less efficient and accurate than children and adults who do not stutter. This difference in phonological working memory plays a key role in the production of stuttered speech. Anecdotally, speech-language pathologists who work with children who stutter report that three clients also demonstrate difficulty decoding novel works during reading tasks. To date, the link between phonological working memory, stuttered speech, and reading have not been explored. The purpose …

Mujeres Fuertes Y Corazones Saludables: Adaptation Of The Strongwomen—Healthy Hearts (Swhh) Program For Rural Latinas Using An Intervention Mapping Approach, Christie L. Jackson, Cynthia K. Perry, Jean Mccalmont, Emma Solanki, Rebecca Seguin, Judy P. Ward, Hannah-Dulya K. Menelas

Student Research Symposium

Objectives: To adapt Strong Women, Healthy Hearts (SWHH), an evidence-based physical activity and nutrition program to reflect the needs of rural Latinas.

Methods: Using a community-based participatory approach and an intervention mapping process, we partnered with a community advisory board of rural Latinas to identify and adapt a nutrition and physical activity program. A needs assessment and a logic model determined which program best aligned with community objectives and most fit for adaptation. SWHH was adapted; using feedback from the community advisory board to reflect the community’s culture, resources, and needs. We collaborated with one of developers of SWHH in …

Mindfulness Meditation As A Stress Reactivity Intervention: An Event-Related Potential Study, Jessica L. Trottier, Barry S. Oken

Student Research Symposium

The biological and neural mechanisms of stress have been extensively studied and supported, but are still unclear. Event-related potentials (ERP’s) emitted by neurons in the brain are a useful tool in measuring stress because they reflect neural response in real-time, to the millisecond, versus typical biological markers, which are typically evaluated before and after a stress test. The neurobiological relationship between ERP’s and stress originates in the anterior cingulate cortex, which in turn activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis; the main physiological cascade fueling the stress response and its chronically harmful symptoms. Malfunctions in the stress response, as in the cases of …

Evidence For The Need For A Pediatric Concussion Quality Of Life Measure In Addition To The Pcss, Ruta Clair, Arlene Goodman, Ilana Weinberger, Sarah Levin Allen

Research Day

While pediatric concussion is an area of significant scientific concern, only recently has the field begun to consider health related quality of life issues after concussion. The clinical management of pediatric concussion generally focuses on symptoms and epidemiology. The purpose of the current evaluation was to examine whether a quality of life measure can provide important information not readily measured by a symptom scale. 280 participants with concussion, age 7 to 21 completed two pencil and paper measures, the Post Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) and the newly created Pediatric Life After Concussion Evaluation Scale (PLACES). Data showed that the emotion …

Assessment Of Clinicians’ Knowledge And Screening Practices Of Stimulant Misuse In Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Morgan Mccoy

Research Day

Stimulants are the first line pharmacotherapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The number of prescription for stimulants dispensed by retail pharmacies has increased from 4 million in 1991 to 45 million in 2010 (1). Adolescents have a lifetime prevalence of nonmedical use of stimulants of 9.1% (2). Given the increased number and availability of stimulant pills and the potential for misuse and diversion, it is important for prescribers to carefully assess stimulant misuse in adolescents with ADHD. One study of physician’s perceptions about stimulant misuse noted that many physicians were unaware of these issues (3). The aims of …

Evaluation Of Smell And Mirna Biomarkers In Alzheimer’S Disease (Ad), Vanessa Valdivia, Christine Hammond, Katherine Galluzzi, Sarah Levin Allen, Brian J. Balin Phd

Research Day

Abstract and poster under embargo until May 31, 2019.

A Day In The Life Of An Osteopathic Medical Student, Tova Goldstein, Arthur Sesso, Michael Mcguiness, Denah Appelt

Research Day

During this past fall semester, in Tova Goldstein’s Introduction to Photography class, there was an assignment to create a photo essay. Anything that tells a story would be acceptable. Guidelines were provided that we were encouraged to follow but were not mandatory such as shooting a large group, head-shots, sequence of steps, and more. Since Tova is fortunate enough to have her father on staff at PCOM, It was thought to be fine to show a day in the life of an osteopathic medical student!

On November 3, 2016, Tova Goldstein visited the campus to explore opportunities for her project. …

Effects Of Aspirin On Expression Of Proteins Implicated In Airway Remodeling In Human Lung Fibroblasts, Kyla Geary, Don Hasenmeyer, Farzaneh Daghigh

Research Day

Abstract and poster under embargo until May 31, 2018.

Treatment Of Pregnant Patients With Orthopaedic Trauma, Kevin Klifto, Christopher S. Klifto, Christopher Looze, Nirmal Tejwani

Research Day

Fracture management in pregnant patients is challenging. Anatomic and physiologic changes in pregnancy increase the complexity of treatment. Maternal trauma increases the risk of fetal loss, preterm birth, placental abruption, cesarean delivery, and maternal death. Initial resuscitation and treatment in a facility equipped to handle the orthopaedic injury and preterm births are paramount. Pelvic and acetabular injuries are potentially life threatening. The benefits and risks of surgical treatment must be weighed carefully. The risks posed by anesthetic agents, antibiotic agents, anticoagulant agents, and radiation exposure must be understood. Positioning of the patient can affect viability of the fetus. If surgery …

The Effects Of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (Cape) On Oxidative Stress And Hypoxia, Sarah Martin, Andrew Castellano, Chijioke Uzoaru, Jonathan Lim, Nicholas Carvis, Peter Wieczorek, Robert Barsotti, Lindon H. Young, Qian Chen

Research Day

Oxidative stress has been implicated in pathogenesis of hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In previous studies, we have shown that the antioxidant CAPE exerted cardioprotection in an isolated rat heart I (30 min)/R (60 min) injury model. In this study, we further evaluated the effects of CAPE on oxidative stress and hypoxia-induced cell damage. We evaluated the inhibition of absorbance in the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (30 nM) induced superoxide production spectrophotometrically in isolated rat neutrophils via reduction of exogenous cytochrome C. We found that CAPE (0.5 µM- 40 µM; n=4-13) reduced phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced neutrophil superoxide release dose-dependently from …

The Relationship Between Pediatric Quality Of Life And Post Concussion Symptoms, Ruta Clair, Arlene Goodman, Ilana Weinberger, Sarah Levin Allen

Research Day

This will be presented at the American Academy of Pediatric Neuropsychology.

Objective: To understand how symptoms impact the the pediatric patient’s day to day functioning during recovery. The tasks that students are exposed to in school deplete cognitive reserves, which further has consequences for learning, emotional functioning, symptom expression, and quality of life.

Methods: 280 participants with concussion, age 7 to 21, completed a packet that included the Post Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) and a self report measure, at their medical visit to a regional concussion clinic. A pencil and paper self rating instrument (Pediatric Life After Concussion Evaluation Scale) …

Exploring The Predictive Values Of Self-Evaluations And Cognitive Distortions In Relation To Childhood Anxiety Among Hispanic/Latino Youth, Cristina Sperrazza, Susan Panichelli Mindel

Research Day

The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-evaluation and cognitive distortions are predictors of anxiety in Hispanic/Latino youth. Hispanic/Latino elementary- and middle-school students (n = 84) from Grades 4 through 8 (42.9% female; average age = 11.80 years) attending a bilingual inner-city public charter school completed self-reports of anxiety, self-evaluation, and cognitive distortions in their school setting. The selected measure of cognitive distortions, Inventory of Cognitive Distortions (Yurica & DiTomasso, 2005), was revised and factor analyzed for the current child sample. Findings demonstrated that, while taking grade and gender into account, different domains of self-evaluation and cognitive distortions …

Minimally Invasive In Vivo Real-Time Identification Of Human Astrocytoma With Sulforhodamine 101, Mark Ishak, Robert Lynagh, Joseph Georges, Sean Xin, Zein Al-Atrache, Ahmad Cader, Danielle Lopez, Jonathan Osmolinski, Nicholas Minissale, Steven S. Yocom, Denah Appelt

Research Day

Abstract and poster under embargo until May 31, 2019.

Pcom Biomedical Sciences Neuro-Behavior Track: Pilot Students' Perspective, Jenna Wynn, Catherine Tauro, Erica Stagliano

Research Day

INTRODUCTION: Three Master’s degree candidate students opted to pilot a neuro-behavior concentration track after completing the first year of core Biomedical Sciences courses.

METHODS: Courses from the Mental Health Counseling, School Psychology and Clinical Psychology programs as well as select classes from the second year Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine Clinical and Basic Neuroscience course were integrated into the curriculum. Routine discussions and additional clinical or research experiences enhanced the understanding and appreciation of the combination of courses from the various disciplines.

RESULTS: The integrated curriculum provides a unique angle to view the neuro-bio-psycho-social contributions to studying neuroscience …

Capstone: The Biopsychosocial Approach To The Mind-Brain-Body Connection, Erica Stagliano

Research Day

Introduction

The mind-brain-body connection The relationship between the mind, brain, and body was the highlight of the Neurobehavioral Biomedical Sciences Masters Concentration. While the brain and body are concrete entities, the mind is more abstract and complex and is different from one individual to another. The idea of the mind encompasses opinions, personality, and emotion, which, although seemingly philosophical, have been shown to have a real impact on physical health.

Mental Health and Primary Care Primary care providers are becoming more involved in the role of managing mental health, particularly depression and suicidal patients. 50% of all patients who commit …

Emergency Room Overuse And Medicaid Population: Creating A Toolkit To Decrease Er Misuse By Family Resources Clients, Nicole Johanne Morrissey Ms.

Celebration of Learning

One of the biggest issues facing healthcare in the United States is excessive spending on ER visits. This issue costs the United States healthcare field about $38 billion a year to treat patients who might not necessarily need the immediate attention. The Medicaid population is one of the highest users of the ER and the most common reasons are behavioral issues and no other place to go. Family Resources, a non-profit organization in Davenport, IA, works to connect families with healthcare facilities in the area based on each family’s needs. Much of their clientele uses Medicaid and struggles with ER. …

Event Agenda, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Faculty Development

No abstract provided.

Dax-1 Gene Expression Regulation In Prostate Cancer Cells Through The Activation Of Androgen Receptors, Ryan Jann, Roxxana Beltran

Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD

The nuclear hormone receptor DAX-1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1) is associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer within human males. Previous studies on DAX-1 have suggested a repression of steroidogenesis, indicating an inverse correlation between DAX-1 and steroidogenic gene expressions. To further understand the role of DAX-1 in tumor growth and development, experimentation was performed on Androgen Receptor (AR) sensitive and insensitive prostate cancer cell lines. Analysis of the different gene expression patterns of prostate cancer cell lines (including a CRISPR DAX-1 negative cell line) under separate treatment conditions, provides …

Mexicans In The U.S And Hiv: Reviewing Social And Cultural Factors, Eduardo Alvarez

Annual Undergraduate Conference on Health and Society

Mexican immigrants in the United States continue to struggle with disproportionate incidences of HIV infection. Behaviors that contributed to the development of AIDS among Mexican immigrants were the lack of condom use, engaging in risky sexual behavior, and not having HIV testing (Martínez Donate, et al., 2015). While these risk factors are preventable, religious and social stigmatization present within the Mexican community generate shame and embarrassment. This discourages Mexican immigrants from seeking health services, such as HIV testing. An estimated 20% of HIV positive Mexican immigrants are unaware of their condition, and contribute to the spread of the virus (Hall …

Point Of Care Technology For Underserved Populations, Anna Maloney

Annual Undergraduate Conference on Health and Society

Point of Care technology is an emerging healthcare field. This technology allows for rapid, inexpensive, on-site testing for otherwise lengthy and costly laboratory tests. Leading infectious diseases can be tested immediately in non-invasive ways similar to using a pregnancy test. This inexpensive, highly portable, and extremely accurate technology should be used for populations that have historically lacked access. Such access would result in immediate cost savings and life savings.

Underserved populations in America such as migrant workers or people living in poverty rarely receive the testing they require. Although clinics for illegal immigrants exist where they are protected and cannot …