Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sociodemographic Correlates Of Low Health Literacy Skills Among Cancer Survivors: National Findings From Brfss 2016 And Implications For Precision Survivorship Care, Qi Chen, John Moore, Lailea Noel, Kirk Von Sternberg, Barbara Jones

Publications and Research

Purpose: This study aimed to explore associations of sociodemographic factors with difficulties in three health literacy (HL) skills and the severity of low HL skills.

Design: Cross-sectional secondary data analysis. Subjects: Data came from 17,834 adults who responded to the HL module with a response rate of 47% in the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Measures: Independent variables included sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment and income. Dependent variables are three HL skills: obtaining, understanding oral, and understanding written health information.

Analysis: We conducted weighted Chi-square tests and multinominal logistic regressions.

Results: Cancer survivors younger than 65 (aged 18-39: AOR=4.46, …

The Next Phase Of Public Health: Innovations From The Private Sector To Build Health Equity, Collaborations, And Resilience, Susan Garfield, Amy S. White, Frances Garfield, Rick B. Siegrist, Natasha Eslami

Publications and Research

The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted foundational challenges in managing the public's health and the persistent health inequities in our communities. Within the private sector, companies witnessed how adverse health events impact the economy at large, their employees, and their customers. As a result, many companies have begun to see that they have a critical role in improving the long-term well-being of the communities in which they work and how health equity can build resilience. This recognition has driven many to action. Either on their own or in collaboration with established public health players, companies are deploying private sector points of view …

Secondary Electrons And Compton X-Ray Generation In Solid And Heated Biological Sample In The Presence Of Radiologic Contrast Media, Vanessa Robinson, Daler Djuraev, Fatima Ahmed

Publications and Research

Our goal is identification of secondary electrons and Compton photons when externally infused radiological contrast from iodine and gadolinium interferes with calcium and iron in tissues. This could help develop next generation of x-ray methods as well as mechanistic understanding of toxic effects of radiology contrast materials on living tissue and agriculture. Changes in tissue minerals over time, aging and heat stress are manipulated in our experiments by infusing imaging contrast agents that consist of large atoms like Gadolinium and Iodine. These have chelation properties to alter electron distribution of proteins and carbohydrates of biological matrix. Our experiments try to …

Implicit Bias Among Health Professionals, Kimora H. Toussaint, Javiela Evangelista

Publications and Research

Racism and implicit bias are prevalent in healthcare, which may affect patient well-being. One way implicit bias is most evident is in language. Negative descriptors, such as “sickler”—a term used for those diagnosed with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), influence how health providers view their patients and determine pain medication prescriptions (Goddu et al.). Patient experience, such as prior use of opioids or using words that imply substance abuse, may block patients from accessing prescriptions and proper care. Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) are disproportionately affected by such negative descriptors (Sun et al., 2022). Among other adverse impacts, treating …

An Intersectional Approach To Quantifying The Impact Of Geographic Remoteness And Health Disparities On Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy: Application To Australia, Peter Lee, Steven J. Bowe, Lidia Engel, Erica I. Lubetkin, Nancy Devlin, Lan Gao

Publications and Research

Objectives

Methods

Examining The Evidence Base For Burnout, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Burnout has elicited growing interest among occupational health specialists in recent decades. Since 2019, the World Health Organization has characterized burnout as a syndrome resulting from chronic, unmanageable workplace stress. Accordingly, three symptoms define the entity: (i) feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion; (ii) increased mental distance from one’s job or feelings of negativism or cynicism towards one’s job; and (iii) a sense of ineffectiveness and lack of accomplishment. We call into question the definition of burnout embodied in the Maslach Burnout Inventory and incorporated into the ICD-11. We draw stakeholders’ attention to the fact that burnout’s symptoms and etiology …

Examining The Evidence Base For Burnout, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Burnout has elicited growing interest among occupational health specialists in recent decades. Since 2019, the World Health Organization has characterized burnout as a syndrome resulting from chronic, unmanageable workplace stress. According to the ICD-11, three symptoms define the entity: feelings of exhaustion, increased mental distance from one’s job, and a sense of ineffectiveness at work, all of which correspond to the structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The ICD-11 includes burnout among the factors that influence health status. This paper calls into question that conceptualization based on a number of lines of evidence. The evidence includes the following: burnout was …

Preferred Class Modality From A Sample Of Community College Students During Covid- 19 And After The End Of The Declaration Of The Federal Covid-19 Public Health Emergency, Elys Vásquez-Iscan, Monica Stanton Koko, Teresa Gray, Ronette Shaw

Publications and Research

A student survey was conducted in the fall of 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and summer and fall of 2023, after the end of the federal COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) declaration. The results of this survey aim to increase an understanding of community college students’ preferences of class modality as they relate to the wider context of their lives. A total of 607 responses were collected on student’s preferred class modality. The findings demonstrate a preference for asynchronous courses during the COVID-19 pandemic. In comparison, the survey showed that after the end of the declaration of the federal COVID-19 …

Insights Into The Molecular Roles Of Foxr2 In The Pathology Of Primary Pediatric Brain Tumors, Rajendra Gharbaran

Publications and Research

Forkhead box gene R2 (FOXR2) belongs to the family of FOX genes which codes for highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) with critical roles in biological processes ranging from development to organogenesis to metabolic and immune regulation to cellular homeostasis. A number of FOX genes are associated with cancer development and progression and poor prognosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that FOXR2 is an oncogene. Studies suggested important roles for FOXR2 in cancer cell growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Recent studies showed that FOXR2 is overexpressed by a subset of newly identified entities of embryonal tumors. This review discusses the …

Editorial For "Automated Breast Density Assessment In Mri Using Deep Learning And Radiomics: Strategies For Reducing Inter-Observer Variability"., Pegah Khosravi

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Factors Influencing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Asian Immigrant College Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Shinhi Han, Hee Sun Kang, Koun Eum, Jin Young Seo, Kathleen Karsten

Publications and Research

Despite strenuous efforts to increase vaccination rates against human papillomavirus (HPV), the rate of vaccination remains low in the U.S. The COVID-19 pandemic poses an additional challenge to HPV vaccination. This study aimed to explore the factors that contribute to HPV vaccination among Asian immigrant college students, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), with HPV vaccine literacy and HPV vaccine hesitancy as additional constructs. This cross-sectional survey used convenience sampling, with133 Asian immigrant college students from New York City as study participants. Data were collected online using self-reported measures of the following study variables: HPV vaccine literacy, attitudes, …

Diminazene Aceturate-Induced Cytotoxicity Is Associated With The Deregulation Of Cell Cycle Signaling And Downregulation Of Oncogenes Furin, C-Myc, And Foxm1 In Human Cervical Carcinoma Hela Cells, Rajendra Gharbaran

Publications and Research

Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) is an FDA‐listed small molecule known for thetreatment of African sleeping sickness. In vivo studies showed that DIZE may bebeneficial for a range of human ailments. However, there is very limited informationon the effects of DIZE on human cancer cells. The current study aimed to investigatethe cytotoxic responses of DIZE, using the human carcinoma Hela cell line. WST‐1cell proliferation assay showed that DIZE inhibited the viability of Hela cells in adose‐dependent manner and the observed response was associated with thedownregulation of Ki67 and PCNA cell proliferation markers. DIZE‐treated cellsstained with acridine orange‐ethidium and JC‐10 dye revealed cell …

Transitioning From Medicaid To Private Health Insurance: Informing Public And Private Sector Outreach, Amy S. White

Publications and Research

This study explored the lived experiences of transitioning from Medicaid to private health insurance upon college graduation. Fifteen recent graduates of an urban, commuter, public college in the Mid-Atlantic were interviewed via Zoom® to understand what they regard as crucial aspects of the transition experience, especially during the COVID pandemic. The subjects all identified as being members of a minority racial or ethnic group, the average age was 33 years (SD = 10.96), and all but one interview subject majored in the health sciences. Every recent graduate reported experiencing difficulty in the transition. Subjects felt unprepared for the transition, alone, …

Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: The Long Way Ahead In Physics, Chemistry And Mr-Angiography Practice Before Fully Replacing Digital Subtraction Angiography., Subhendra N. Sarkar

Publications and Research

Typically, only high field systems are equipped with stronger gradients and short RF pulse designs, a must for high temporal resolution that are also responsible for high SAR, high susceptibility as well as neurostimulation. Gradient induced image noise tends to be high at 3T. Often vendors try to ameliorate such increased image noise with multi-channel head arrays and aggressive filter designs allowing an appearance of high SNR and CNR quality; however, the achievable SNR and CNR in the AVM remain limited as the analyzed articles by Zhuo et al seem to have in common. A short term solution to harvest …

Disparities In Violent Fatal Injury Among Racial And Ethnic Minorities, 2009–2019: A Portfolio Analysis Of United States—National Institutes Of Health, Maria-Isabel Roldós, Tilda Farhat, Marcia M. Gómez

Publications and Research

The excess mortality burden due to violent fatal injuries is an urgent public health issue for adolescents and young adults, especially those from racial and ethnic minority populations. We examined the research portfolio of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) related to violent fatal injuries between 2009 and 2019 to focus on adolescents and young adults from NIH-designated populations experiencing health disparities and to identify trends and research gaps. We analyzed funded projects by populations covered, geographic location of the study population, type of research (etiology, intervention, methodology), type of determinants, and publications generated. In 10 years, NIH …

Longitudinal Trends (2011–2020) Of Premature Mortality And Years Of Potential Life Loss (Ypll) And Associated Covariates Of The 62 New York State Counties, Maria-Isabel Roldos, John Orazem, Talita Fortunato-Tavares

Publications and Research

Background

New York State (NYS) is the 27th largest state and the 4th most populous state in the U.S., with close to 20 million people in 62 counties. Territories with diverse populations present the best opportunity to study health outcomes and associated covariates, and how these differ across different populations and groups. The County Health Ranking and Roadmaps (CHR&R) ranks counties by linking the population’s characteristics and health outcomes and contextual factors in a synchronic approach.

Methods

The goal of this study is to analyze the longitudinal trends in NYS counties of age‑adjusted premature mortality rate and years of potential …

Artificial Intelligence In Neuroradiology: A Scoping Review Of Some Ethical Challenges, Pegah Khosravi, Mark Schweitzer

Publications and Research

Artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential to increase accuracy and efficiency in many aspects of neuroradiology. It provides substantial opportunities for insights into brain pathophysiology, developing models to determine treatment decisions, and improving current prognostication as well as diagnostic algorithms. Concurrently, the autonomous use of AI models introduces ethical challenges regarding the scope of informed consent, risks associated with data privacy and protection, potential database biases, as well as responsibility and liability that might potentially arise. In this manuscript, we will first provide a brief overview of AI methods used in neuroradiology and segue into key methodological and ethical challenges. …

Classification Of Normal Versus Pneumonia From Chest X-Ray Using And Ai Model, Tassadit Lounes

Publications and Research

Hypothesis: Deep learning (DL) algorithms, in particular convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have recently been used to address a number of medical-imaging problems, such as pneumonia detection using chest X-ray, and determining the aggressiveness prostate cancer using magnetic resonance images (MRI). They have become the technique of choice in computer vision and they are the most successful type of model for image analysis.

Analysis Of Imaging Database And Identifying Novel Mri Diffusion Abnormalities In Alzheimer’S Disease, Analia Basilicata, Jennifer Padilla, Anjalee Rabbani, Anam Riaz

Publications and Research

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is presumably caused by two neuropathological protein markers: amyloid beta (Aβ) and neuro fibrillary tangles. Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) collects high quality patient data from standardized clinical trials using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) biomarkers to diagnose and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for AD. MRI and PET screening for Alzheimer’s Disease aim to find structural, functional, and neurochemical abnormalities causing or caused by AD brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Resting State functional MRI (RSfMRI) are emerging AD MRI tools. Tau PET is a promising method for …

Roles For Mycobacterial Dinb2 In Frameshift And Substitution Mutagenesis, Pierre Dupuy, Shreya Ghosh, Allison Fay, Oyindamola Adefisayo, Richa Gupta, Stewart Shuman, Michael S. Glickman

Publications and Research

Translesion synthesis by translesion polymerases is a conserved mechanism of DNA damage tolerance. In bacteria, DinB enzymes are the widely distributed promutagenic translesion polymerases. The role of DinBs in mycobacterial mutagenesis was unclear until recent studies revealed a role for mycobacterial DinB1 in substitution and frameshift mutagenesis, overlapping with that of translesion polymerase DnaE2. Mycobacterium smegmatis encodes two additional DinBs (DinB2 and DinB3) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes DinB2, but the roles of these polymerases in mycobacterial damage tolerance and mutagenesis is unknown. The biochemical properties of DinB2, including facile utilization of ribonucleotides and 8-oxo- guanine, suggest that DinB2 could be …

Longitudinal Trends (2011–2020) Of Premature Mortality And Years Of Potential Life Loss (Ypll) And Associated Covariates Of The 62 New York State Counties, Maria-Isabel Roldos, John Orazem, Talita Fortunato-Tavares

Publications and Research

Background

New York State (NYS) is the 27th largest state and the 4th most populous state in the U.S., with close to 20 million people in 62 counties. Territories with diverse populations present the best opportunity to study health outcomes and associated covariates, and how these differ across different populations and groups. The County Health Ranking and Roadmaps (CHR&R) ranks counties by linking the population’s characteristics and health outcomes and contextual factors in a synchronic approach.

Methods

The goal of this study is to analyze the longitudinal trends in NYS counties of age-adjusted premature mortality rate and years of potential …

Cross-Sectional And Longitudinal Comparison Of Health-Related Quality Of Life And Mental Well-Being Between Persons With And Without Post Covid-19 Condition, Emily Stella Scott, Erica I. Lubetkin, Mathieu F. Janssen, John Yfantopolous, Gouke J. Bonsel, Juanita A. Haagsma

Publications and Research

Background:

Still little is known about the impact of post COVID-19 condition (PC) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and mental well-being. We compared participants with PC with three groups: an acute COVID-19 infection (AC) only, at least one chronic condition (CC) but no COVID-19, or no condition at all, healthy (PH). Between these disease groups, we also estimated and compared HRQOL and mental well-being change over time.

Methods:

Participants from six countries (Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States) completed two web-based questionnaires (T1 = April–May 2020 and T2 = April–June 2022). Primary outcomes were HRQOL, measured …

The Compound Risk Of Heat And Covid-19 In New York City: Riskscapes, Physical And Social Factors, And Interventions, Janelle Knox-Hayes, Juan Camilo Osorio, Natasha Stamler, Maria Dombrov, Rose Winer, Mary Hannah Smith, Reginald Blake, Cynthia Rosenzweig

Publications and Research

Climate change is disrupting the fundamental conditions of human life and exacerbating existing inequity by placing further burdens on communities that are already vulnerable. Risk exposure varies by where people live and work. In this article, we examine the spatial overlap of the compound risks of COVID-19 and extreme heat in New York City. We assess the relationship between socio-demographic and natural, built and social environmental characteristics, and the spatial correspondence of COVID-19 daily case rates across three pandemic waves. We use these data to create a compound risk index combining heat, COVID-19, density and social vulnerability. Our findings demonstrate …

Validation Of The Occupational Depression Inventory In Brazil: A Study Of 1,612 Civil Servants, Renzo Bianchi, Danísio Calixto Cavalcante, Cristina Queirós, Blezi Daiana Menezes Santos, Jay Verkuilen, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Objective: The Occupational Depression Inventory (ODI) assesses work-attributed depressive symptoms. The ODI has demonstrated robust psychometric and structural properties. To date, the instrument has been validated in English, French, and Spanish. This study examined the psychometric and structural properties of the ODI's Brazilian-Portuguese version.

Methods: The study involved 1612 civil servants employed in Brazil (MAGE = 44, SDAGE = 9; 60% female). The study was conducted online across all Brazilian states.

Results: Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) bifactor analysis indicated that the ODI meets the requirements for essential unidimensionality. The general factor accounted for 91% of the common variance extracted. …

Best Practices For Surface Disinfection, Khrystyna Vyprynyuk

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Innovations In Implant Therapy, Catherine Monchik, Isis Marsh

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

The Pandemic Anxiety Inventory: A Validation Study, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Tasmyn Prytherch, Mark Cropley, Renzo Bianchi

Publications and Research

The Pandemic Anxiety Inventory (PAI) assesses anxiety symptoms individuals attribute to the presence of a pandemic. We conducted this study of 379 British adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that the PAI exhibited excellent reliability and solid criterion validity. Pandemic anxiety was associated with reduced social support, anticipated life changes, financial strain, job loss, economic insecurity, and the hospitalization or death of a close friend or relative. Using correlational and bifactor analyses, we found that the PAI demonstrated solid convergent and discriminant validity. The findings suggest that the PAI can be used in research and clinical practice.

The Pandemic Anxiety Inventory: A Validation Study, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Tasmyn Prytherch, Mark Cropley, Renzo Bianchi

Publications and Research

The Pandemic Anxiety Inventory (PAI) assesses anxiety symptoms individuals attribute to the presence of a pandemic. We conducted this study of 379 British adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that the PAI exhibited excellent reliability and solid criterion validity. Pandemic anxiety was associated with reduced social support, anticipated life changes, financial strain, job loss, economic insecurity, and the hospitalization or death of a close friend or relative. Using correlational and bifactor analyses, we found that the PAI demonstrated solid convergent and discriminant validity. The findings suggest that the PAI can be used in research and clinical practice.

Effectiveness And Safety Of Apixaban Vs Warfarin In Patients With Venous Thromboembolism With Risk Factors For Bleeding Or For Recurrences, Alexander T. Cohen, Janvi Sah, Amol D. Dhamane, Dionne M. Hines, Theodore Lee, Lisa Rosenblatt, Birol Emir, Allison Keshishian, Huseyin Yuce, Xuemei Luo

Publications and Research

Introduction

Patients at increased risk of bleeding and recurrent VTE who develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) present challenges for clinical management. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of apixaban vs warfarin in patients with VTE who have risk factors for bleeding or recurrences.

Methods

Adult patients with VTE initiating apixaban or warfarin were identified from five claims databases. Stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance characteristics between cohorts for the main analysis. Subgroup interaction analyses were conducted to evaluate treatment effects among patients with and without each of the conditions that increased the risk of bleeding (thrombocytopenia …

Serum Cotinine As A Predictor Of Lipid-Related Indices In Turkish Immigrants With Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinic-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Shiryn D. Sukhram, Gustavo G. Zarini, Lemia H. Shaban, Joan A. Vaccaro, Avinash R. Sukhram, Fatma G. Huffman

Publications and Research

Background: Turkish immigrants form the largest ethnic minority group in the

Netherlands and show a higher prevalence of (i) cardiovascular disease (CVD),

(ii) cigarette smoking, and (iii) type 2 diabetes (T2D) as compared to the native

Dutch. This study examines the association of CVD risk factors: serum cotinine, as

an indicator of cigarette smoke, and lipid-related indices among first-generation

(foreign-born) Turkish immigrants with T2D living in deprived neighbourhoods in the

Netherlands.

Methods: A total of 110 participants, physician-diagnosed with T2D, aged 30 years

and older, were recruited by convenience sampling from the Schilderswijk

neighbourhood of The Hague in a clinic-based …