Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evaluation And Management Of Spinal Column Fractures In Adults, Blaine A. Winters, Craig Nuttall

Faculty Publications

Nurse practitioners working in many settings are faced with the challenge of diagnosing and managing patients with potential or actual spinal column fractures. In this article we provide nurse practitioners with the knowledge necessary to evaluate for and diagnose spinal column fractures in adults. We also provide guidelines for the appropriate management of injuries and identify when referral is recommended.

Phosphorus Ingestion Improves Oral Glucose Tolerance Of Healthy Male Subjects: A Crossover Experiment, May Khattab, Christelle Abi-Rashed, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Sani Hlais, Omar Obeid

Faculty Publications

Background:

Fasting serum phosphorus (P) was reported to be inversely related to serum glucose and insulin, while the impact of P ingestion is not well documented. The effect of P intake with or before glucose ingestion on postprandial glucose and insulin statuses was investigated.

Method:

Two cross over experiments using healthy male subjects were conducted. Experiment 1: Overnight fasted subjects (n∈=∈7) randomly received: 500 mg of P tablets, glucose (75 g) solution with placebo or 500 mg of P tablets. Experiment 2: Overnight fasted subjects (n∈=∈8) underwent similar procedures to those of experiment 1, except that placebo or 500 mg …

Neurobiology Of Trauma, Julie L. Valentine, Linda Mabey, Leslie Miles

Faculty Publications

• The neurobiology of trauma can affect the functioning of the brain with lasting consequences.
• The body's hormonal response to trauma affects the encoding of memory.
• Acute stress disorder (ASD) can result following trauma and can develop into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) if symptoms last for more than 1 month.
• Trauma can cause immediate symptoms, such as tonic immobility and dissociation, and may lead to chronic symptoms oof depression and anxiety.
• Exposure to trauma can cause physical health problems.
• Evidence-based psychotherapy treatment options following traumatic exposure are available.
• Providing compassionate, nonjudgmental care to victims of trauma helps their healing process.

Nurses …

Validation Of Accelerometer Thresholds And Inclinometry For Measurement Of Sedentary Behavior In Young Adult University Students, Neil E. Peterson, John R. Sirard, Pamela A. Kulbok, Mark D. Deboer, Jeanne M. Erickson

Faculty Publications

Sedentary behavior (SB) is a major contributing factor to obesity and significant morbidity and mortality in adolescence and into adulthood, yet measuring SB is difficult. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of construct validity of the ActiGraph GT3X+ inclinometer function and accelerometry metrics in objectively measuring SB and physical activity in young adult university students while performing semi-structured activities: lying, sitting, reading, playing seated video gaming, video watching, seated conversation, standing, stationary biking, and walking. These nine activities were objectively assessed using inclinometry and four output metrics from the ActiGraph based on the axis used to …

Using Height-For-Age Differences (Had) Instead Of Height-For-Age Z-Scores (Haz) For The Meaningful Measurement Of Population-Level Catch-Up In Linear Growth In Children Less Than 5 Years Of Age, Jef L. Leroy, Marie Ruel, Jean-Pierre Habicht, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

Background: Evidence from studies conducted in nutritionally deprived children in low- and middle-income countries (LIMC) in past decades showed little or no population-level catch-up in linear growth (mostly defined as reductions in the absolute height deficit) after 2 years of age. Recent studies, however, have reported population-level catch-up growth in children, defined as positive changes in mean height-for-age z-scores (HAZ). The aim of this paper was to assess whether population-level catch-up in linear growth is found when height-for-age difference (HAD: child’s height compared to standard, expressed in centimeters) is used instead of HAZ. Our premise is that HAZ is inappropriate …

Dissemination Of An Electronic Manual To Build Capacity For Implementing Farmers’ Markets With Community Health Centers, M Aaron Guest, Darcy Freedman, Kassandra A. Alia, Heather M. Brandt, Daniela B. Friedman

Faculty Publications

Community-university partnerships can lend themselves to the development of tools that encourage and promote future community health development. The electronic manual, "Building Farmacies," describes an approach for developing capacity and sustaining a community health center-based farmers' market that emerged through a community-university partnership. Manual development was guided by the Knowledge to Action Framework and experiences developing a multivendor, produce-only farmers' market at a community health center in rural South Carolina. The manual was created to illustrate an innovative solution for community health development. The manual was disseminated electronically through 25 listservs and interested individuals voluntarily completed a Web-based survey to …

#Aulivewholly, Patricia Spangler

Faculty Publications

Andrews University officially launched its new University Health & Wellness initiative on Wednesday, September 23. The initiative will integrate five deeply connected pillars: physical, spiritual, mental, relational and professional wellness, but mainly focus on physical health and wellness to address the gaps that have been identified.

The Impact Of Changing Lake Levels On Property Values: A Hedonic Model Of Lake Thurmond, Lori Dickes, Elizabeth L. Crouch

Faculty Publications

This study uses hedonic pricing models to examine the relationship between lake levels and property values for properties adjacent to Lake Thurmond. Lake Thurmond is located along the Savannah River Basin, bordering Georgia and South Carolina. Of the 1,030 properties from 2000-2009 for which data was reliable and available, 388 were lake front homes. The model of the effect of lake level on sales prices also includes home characteristics, home condition variables, lake attributes, and macroeconomic control variables. Results reveal a statistically significant change in sales price when the lake is closer to full pool. Results confirm that declining Lake …

Developing An Evidence-Based Public Health Informatics Course, Xinyu Yu, Yue Xie, Xuequn Pan, Susan Mayfield-Johnson, Jessica Whipple, Elena Azadbakht

Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study assessed the need to develop a public health informatics (PHI) introductory course and determine contents of such a course.

Methods: Community assessments employing focus group interviews and an online survey were utilized to determine course need and content.

Results: Results revealed a need to provide PHI training to graduate public health students and suggested broad course content requirements. Results indicated lack of awareness of libraries and librarians as sources of public health information.

Conclusions: A graduate PHI course was developed and delivered. Additionally, implementation of a subject guide increased the library's profile.

Rural Emergency Nurses’ End-Of-Life Care Obstacle Experiences: Stories From The Last Frontier, Renea L. Beckstrand, Jonathan Rohwer, Karlen E. Luthy, Janelle L. B. Macintosh, Ryan J. Rasmussen

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Rural emergency nurses face unique obstacles to providing quality end-of-life (EOL) care. Stories provided by emergency nurses embody their most difficult EOL care obstacles.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 53 rural hospitals. Respondents were asked to share stories that epitomized the obstacles faced while providing EOL care in the rural emergency setting.

Results: The lack of an ideal death (eg, the nurse personally knows the patient, issues with family members, and unknown patient wishes) was the top obstacle. Other reported obstacles were insufficient ED staff and power struggles between nurses and physicians.

Discussion: Rural emergency nurses often provide …

Addressing Parental Vaccination Questions In The School Setting: An Integrative Literature Review, Karlen Beth Luthy, Jana Burningham, Lacey M. Eden, Janelle L B Macintosh, Renea L. Beckstrand

Faculty Publications

School nurses work in a unique environment with key opportunities to address parental concerns and questions regarding their child’s health. A common concern for parents during school enrollment is childhood vaccination safety and efficacy. As public health leaders, school nurses are well respected among parents, therefore school nurses are in a prime position to educate parents and promote childhood vaccinations while also dispelling common vaccination myths. The purpose of this integrative literature review is to synthesize evidence-based answers to common parental questions regarding childhood vaccinations.

Qualitative Analysis Of Student Perceptions Of Bachelor Of Science-To-Doctor Of Philosophy In Nursing Programs, Neil E. Peterson, Karen O. Moss, Gwyneth R. Milbrath, Jane R. Von Gaudecker, Eunhee Park, Mihee Chung

Faculty Publications

Background: To address the shortage of PhD-prepared nursing faculty, universities in the United States of America offer direct entry BSN-to-PhD nursing programs. Little research has been done to explore students’ perceptions of these programs and formally evaluate the successes and opportunities for growth of this academic track. Methods: Focusing on the perceptions and experiential reflection of BSN-to-PhD education, a survey with open-ended questions was distributed among voluntary participants who are current BSN-to-PhD students or recent graduates (years) from various universities in the country. Textual data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach with thematic analysis. Results: This article elaborates on …

Parenting Around Child Snacking: Development Of A Theoretically-Guided, Empirically Informed Conceptual Model, Kirsten K. Davison, Christine E. Blake Ph.D., Rd, Rachel E. Blaine, Nicholas A. Younginer, Alexandria Orloski, Heather A. Hamtil, Claudia Ganter, Yasmeen P. Bruton, Amber E. Vaughn, Jennifer O. Fisher

Faculty Publications

Background: Snacking contributes to excessive energy intakes in children. Yet factors shaping child snacking are virtually unstudied. This study examines food parenting practices specific to child snacking among low-income caregivers. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in English or Spanish with 60 low-income caregivers of preschool-aged children (18 non-Hispanic white, 22 African American/Black, 20 Hispanic; 92% mothers). A structured interview guide was used to solicit caregivers' definitions of snacking and strategies they use to decide what, when and how much snack their child eats. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an iterative theory-based and grounded approach. A conceptual model …

Updating The Simulation Effectiveness Tool: Item Modifications And Reevaluation Of Psychometric Properties, Kim Leighton, Patricia K. Ravert, Vickie Mudra, Christopher Macintosh

Faculty Publications

AIM This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the modified Simulation Effectiveness Tool (SET) and the SET-M.

BACKGROUND The SET, developed in 2005, was updated to be consistent with INACSL Standards of Best Practice, QSEN practices, and American Association of Colleges of Nursing baccalaureate essentials.

METHOD Undergraduate nursing students from two nursing programs, one with multiple campuses, completed the SET-M following completion of a simulated clinical experience; 1,288 students took part in the study.

RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis was completed using unweighted least squares. Four sub scales were identified with acceptable internal consistency: Prebriefing (α = .833), Learning (α = …

Designing And Testing An Inventory For Measuring Social Media Competency Of Certified Health Education Specialists, Julia M. Alber, Jay M. Bernhardt, Michael Stellefson, Robert M. Weiler, Charkarra Anderson-Lewis, M. David Miller, Jann Macinnes

Faculty Publications

Objective: The aim of this study was to design, develop, and test the Social Media Competency Inventory (SMCI) for CHES and MCHES.

Methods: The SMCI was designed in three sequential phases: (1) Conceptualization and Domain Specifications, (2) Item Development, and (3) Inventory Testing and Finalization. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review, concept operationalization, and expert reviews. Phase 2 involved an expert panel (n=4) review, think-aloud sessions with a small representative sample of CHES/MCHES (n=10), a pilot test (n=36), and classical test theory analyses to develop the initial version of the SMCI. Phase 3 included a field test …

Provider Behavior Under Global Budgeting And Policy Responses: An Observational Study On Eye Care Services In Taiwan, Chao-Kai Chang, Sudha Xirasagar, Brian Chen, James R. Hussey, I-Jong Wang, Jen-Chieh Chen, Ie-Bin Lian

Faculty Publications

Third-party payer systems are consistently associated with health care cost escalation. Taiwan’s single-payer, universal coverage National Health Insurance (NHI) adopted global budgeting (GB) to achieve cost control. This study captures ophthalmologists’ response to GB, specifically service volume changes and service substitution between low-revenue and high-revenue services following GB implementation, the subsequent Bureau of NHI policy response, and the policy impact. De-identified eye clinic claims data for the years 2000, 2005, and 2007 were analyzed to study the changes in Simple Claim Form (SCF) claims versus Special Case Claims (SCCs). The 3 study years represent the pre-GB period, post-GB but prior …

Eliciting Preferences For Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Using A Discrete Choice Experiment: Implications For Product Regulation, Ramzi G. Salloum, Wasim Maziak, David Hammond, Rima Nakkash, Farahnaz Islam, Xi Cheng, Jim Thrasher

Faculty Publications

Objectives Waterpipe smoking is highly prevalent among university students, and has been increasing in popularity despite mounting evidence showing it is harmful to health. The aim of this study was to measure preferences for waterpipe smoking and determine which product characteristics are most important to smokers.

Setting A large university in the Southeastern USA.

Participants Adult waterpipe smokers attending the university (N=367).

Design Participants completed an Internet-based discrete choice experiment to reveal their preferences for, and trade-offs between, the attributes of hypothetical waterpipe smoking sessions. Participants were presented with waterpipe lounge menus, each with three fruit-flavoured options and one tobacco …

Nanotechnology In The Real World: Redeveloping The Nanomaterial Consumer Products Inventory, Marina E. Vance, Todd Kuiken, Eric P. Vejerano, Sean P. Mcginnis, Michael F. Hochella Jr., David Rejeski, Matthew S. Hull

Faculty Publications

To document the marketing and distribution of nano-enabled products into the commercial marketplace, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies created the Nanotechnology Consumer Products Inventory (CPI) in 2005. The objective of this present work is to redevelop the CPI by leading a research effort to increase the usefulness and reliability of this inventory. We created eight new descriptors for consumer products, including information pertaining to the nanomaterials contained in each product. The project was motivated by the recognition that a diverse group of stakeholders from academia, industry, and state/federal government had become highly …

Individual Attitudes Toward Innovation, Occupational Stress And Social Support For Work Among Hiv Health Care Providers In Southwest China, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Xiaoming Li Ph.D., Bonita Stanton, Yuejiao Zhou, Zhiyong Shen, Zhenzhu Tang

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Use Of A Blog In An Undergraduate Nursing Leadership Course, Shelly Jensen Reed, Debra Edmunds

Faculty Publications

In this study, the use of a blog in a senior leadership clinical nursing course was analyzed qualitatively through two means; focus group interviews of those using the blog, and analysis of blog content. Initial feelings expressed by students were annoyance and intimidation concerning the blogging assignment. These feelings quickly dissipated, with students verbalizing many positive aspects related to the blog, including having a place to reflect, feeling connected as a group, valuing feedback provided by their peers, and learning from theirs and others' experiences. The mechanics of having to synthesize their thoughts in written form, in a shared venue …

Food Insecurity Reported By Children, But Not By Mothers, Is Associated With Lower Quality Of Diet And Shifts In Foods Consumed, Jennifer Bernal, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Juan A. Rivera

Faculty Publications

Household food security shows little indication of nutrient inadequacy among children, according to reports made by parents. We examined the associations of food insecurity as reported by children and mothers with children’s consumption of energy, macronutrients such as vitamin A, calcium, iron and zinc, and selected foods, and whether these associations differed by child’s gender. This cross-sectional study had non-probabilistic 128 Venezuelan mother–child pairs. We assessed food insecurity and management strategies in children using 10- and nine-item instruments, respectively. Mothers’ report of food insecurity came from a previously validated 12-item instrument. Nutrient intake of children was assessed with a 67-item …

Investigation Of Stilbenoids As Potential Therapeutic Agents For Rotavirus Gastroenteritis, Judith M. Ball, Fabricio Medina-Bolivar, Katelyn D. Defrates, Emily Hambleton, Megan E. Hurlburt, Lingling Fang, Tianhong Yang, Luis Nopo-Olazabal, Richard L. Atwill, Pooj Ghai, Rebecca D. Parr

Faculty Publications

Rotavirus (RV) infections cause severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. Vaccines are available but cost prohibitive for many countries and only reduce severe symptoms. Vaccinated infants continue to shed infectious particles, and studies show decreased efficacy of the RV vaccines in tropical and subtropical countries where they are needed most. Continuing surveillance for new RV strains, assessment of vaccine efficacy, and development of cost effective antiviral drugs remain an important aspect of RV studies. This study was to determine the efficacy of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory stilbenoids to inhibit RV replication. Peanut (A. hypogaea) hairy root cultures were induced …

Written Debriefing: Evaluating The Impact Of The Addition Of A Written Component When Debriefing Simulations, Shelly Jensen Reed

Faculty Publications

Debriefing, the reflective period following a simulation, is said to be where the bulk of simulation learning takes place. Many expert opinions regarding debriefing exist, but evidence-based best practices have yet to be identified. Written debriefing is one of these practices; experts state learning can be extended through the addition of a written component to the debriefing process, but no evidence exists to support this. This study compares three debriefing types: discussion alone, and discussion followed by journaling or blogging. Undergraduate nursing students participating in a simulation were randomized as a simulation group to one of these three debriefing types. …

Federally Qualified Health Centers’ Capacity And Readiness For Research Collaborations: Implications For Clinical-Academic-Community Partnerships, Heather M. Brandt, Vicki M. Young, Dayna A. Campbell, Seul Ki Choi, Jessica S. Seel, Daniela B. Friedman

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) provide a health care safety net for underserved populations and contribute unique expertise to research that could further enhance quality of patient care. The purpose of this research was to assess interest in, readiness to, and capacity for conducting research in FQHCs in South Carolina (SC). METHODS: A Web-based survey was administered to 20 FQHCs across SC. Fourteen representatives of FQHCs completed the 39-item survey that assessed research experience and interest, partnerships and funding, barriers and benefits to research participation, training and technical assistance needs, and research capacity. RESULTS: FQHCs are interested in conducting …

Census-Based Socioeconomic Indicators For Monitoring Injury Causes In The Usa: A Review, Nathaniel Bell, Amanda Arrington, Swann Arp Adams

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

Unlike the UK or New Zealand, there is no standard set of census variables in the USA for characterising socioeconomic (SES, socioeconomic status) inequalities in health outcomes, including injury. We systematically reviewed existing US studies to identify conceptual and methodological strengths and limitations of current approaches to determine those most suitable for research and surveillance.

METHODS:

We searched seven electronic databases to identify census variables proposed in the peer-reviewed literature to monitor injury risk. Inclusion criteria were that numerator data were derived from hospital, trauma or vital statistics registries and that exposure variables included census SES constructs.

RESULTS:

From …

The Adaptive Change Of Hla-Drb1 Allele Frequencies Caused By Natural Selection In A Mongolian Population That Migrated To The South Of China, Hao Sun, Zhaoqing Yang, Keqin Lin, Shuyuan Liu, Kai Huang, Xiuyun Wang, Jiayou Chu, Xinyu Huang

Faculty Publications

Pathogen-driven balancing selection determines the richness of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Changes in the pathogen spectrum may cause corresponding changes in HLA loci. Approximately 700 years ago, a Mongolian population moved from the north of China to the Yunnan region in the south of China. The pathogen spectrum in the south of China differs from that in the north. In this study, changes in the HLA genes in the Yunnan Mongolian population, as well as the underlying mechanism, were investigated. A sequence-based typing method (SBT) was used to genotype HLA-DRB1 in 470 individuals from two Mongolian populations and another …

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption, Fat Intake, And Physical Activity Participation In Relation To Socio-Demographic Factors Among Medically Underserved Adults, Amir Alakaam, Jennifer Lemacks

Faculty Publications

Fruit and vegetable intake as well as physical activity participation in Mississippi is consistently lower than recommendations. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine fruit and vegetables consumption, fat intake, and moderate-intensity physical activity participation and how these variables relate to socio-demographic factors among medically underserved adults in south Mississippi. Fruit and vegetable consumption and fat intake along with physical activity participation and socio-demographic characteristics was collected from a sample of 161 (48 male and 113 female) adults in south Mississippi. A majority (81.9%) of participants reported consuming less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day and 54% …

Stages Of Change Of The Readiness To Quit Smoking Among A Random Sample Of Minority Arab-Male Smokers In Israel, Nihaya Daoud, Samah Hayek, Ahmad Sheikh Muhammad, Kathleen Abusaad, Jim Thrasher, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici

Faculty Publications

Background

Despite advanced smoking prevention and cessation policies in many countries, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among indigenous and some ethnic minorities continues to be high. This study examined the stages of change (SOC) of the readiness to quit smoking among Arab men in Israel shortly after new regulations of free-of-charge smoking cessation workshops and subsidized medications were introduced through primary health care clinics.

Methods

We conducted a countrywide study in Israel between 2012–2013. Participants, 735 current smokers; 18–64 years old; were recruited from a stratified random sample and interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire in Arabic. We used ordered …

Evaluating The Validity Of Self-Reported Smoking In Mexican Adolescents, María Del Carmen Valladolid-López, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutiérrez, Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, Jim Thrasher, Ingris Peláez-Ballestas, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Mauricio Hernández-Ávila

Faculty Publications

Objectives We aimed to evaluate the validity of the self-reported smoking indicator used in the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS).

Setting 43 middle and high-school classrooms from 26 schools were selected from Mexico City and Cuernavaca, Morelos.

Participants A total of 1257 students provided both a questionnaire and a urine sample.

Primary and secondary outcome Sensitivity and specificity of self-reported smoking compared to urinary cotinine. Validity indices were evaluated by subgroups of gender, social acceptability of smoking (ie, smoking parents or friends) and smoking frequency.

Results Sensitivity and specificity for current smoking were 93.2% and 81.7%, respectively. Validity indices remained …

Elevating Research: An Important Role For Nurse Leaders, Katreena Collette Merrill, Diane Andrews, Barbara B. Brewer, Diane Storer Brown

Faculty Publications

As leaders, we recognize the importance of professional scholarship to provide the evidence needed to transform practice. One key initiative for the American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE) is the elevation of nursing research and AONE competencies for nurse executives emphasize utilization, dissemination and participation in studies. However, given our current healthcare climate and competing priorities, nurse leaders must often focus efforts on fiscal responsibility and operational effectiveness, making time and resources to support nursing research challenging. Initiatives that do not directly impact patient care, such as research, may be given a lower priority. Given today’s pressures, nurse leaders may …