Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

T Cell Growth Factor Receptors. Quantitation, Specificity, And Biological Relevance, Richard J. Robb, Allen Munck, Kendall A. Smith

Dartmouth Scholarship

To examine directly the hypothesis that T cell growth factor (TCGF) interacts with target cells in a fashion similar to polypeptide hormones, the binding of radiolabeled TCGF to various cell populations was investigated. The results indicate that TCGF interacts with activated T cells via a receptor through which it initiates the T cell proliferative response. Internally radiolabeled TCGF, prepared from a human T leukemia cell line and purified by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing, retained biological activity and was uniform with respect to size and charge. Binding of radiolabeled TCGF to TCGF-dependent cytolytic T cells occurred rapidly (within 15 rain …

Detergent Extraction Of A Presumptive Gating Component From The Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channel, W J. Culp, D T. Mckenzie

Dartmouth Scholarship

A physiologically characterized radiolabeled neurotoxin complex obtained from venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus has been used to identify detergent-solubilized presumptive sodium channel components in sucrose gradients. This toxin-binding component is found in extracts prepared from three sources of excitable membrane but appears to be absent from similar extracts prepared from nonexcitable membrane or from Torpedo californica membrane. Procedures that destroy the physiological activity of the Leiurus neurotoxin lead to a corresponding loss of toxin binding to the putative sodium channel component. The major component recognized by the Leiurus toxin sediments at 6.5 S. Scatchard analysis of quantitative binding experiments …

Isolation Of Plasma Membrane From Human Neutrophils And Determination Of Cytochrome B And Quinone Content, Edward P. Sloan, Dana R. Crawford, Donald L. Schneider

Dartmouth Scholarship

Analyses of plasma membrane and other subcellular fractions indicate that the primary location of cytochrome b in human neutrophils is not the plasma membrane. The procedure developed for the purification of plasma membrane from fresh human neutrophils yielded a 14-fold enrichment in the marker enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and a 10-fold enrichment in ouabain-sensitive ATPase. On sucrose density gradients, the peak density of 5'-nucleotidase activity was 1.12 g/ml, and was shifted after digitonin addition to 1.15 g/ml. Protein in the plasma membrane equalled approximately 8 percent of the whole cell protein. A b-type cytochrome was found to be present in the plasma …

The Isolation Of Ecdysterone Inducible Genes By Hybridization Subtraction Chromatography, Michael P. Vitek, Susan G. Kreissman, Robert H. Gross

Dartmouth Scholarship

We have developed a procedure for selectively enriching a mRNA population for inducible sequences. Other than the induced mRNA species, the population of mRNA in control cells is approximately the same as the mRNA population in induced cells. Cytoplasmic mRNA from control cells is bound to oligo (dT)-cellulose and used as a template for reverse transcriptase, the oligo (dT) serving as a primer. After removing the template mRNAs, the cDNA-cellulose column is used to hybridize a population of mRNAs from induced cells. The non-hybridized poly A ⁺ RNAs are greatly enriched in the inducible sequences. We have used this technique …

Habitat, The New United Nations Initiative In Human Settlements, Norman Miller, James F. Hornig

Dartmouth Scholarship

Habitat, the synonym for the United Nations Center for Human Settlements, is a new UN agency with a staggering mandate. Its charge is to assist developing nations in settlement policy and planning, in slum upgrading, urban renewal, and in the development of shelter materials. The upgrading of infrastructural services, such as those involving finance, loans, building codes, and regulatory laws, are a part of the mandate, as are such basic elements as clean water, electricity, and sewage removal. Still further, the agency, which is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, is charged with helping generate rational land-use policies, gaining public participation, and …

Rat Dendritic Cells Function As Accessory Cells And Control The Production Of A Soluble Factor Required For Mitogenic Responses Of T Lymphocytes., Wolfgang E. Klinkert, Jon H. Labadie, James P. O'Brien, Carl F. Beyer, William E. Bowers

Dartmouth Scholarship

Transformation of T lymphocytes, induced by treatment with periodate or with neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase, requires the participation of accessory cells. Procedures were developed for the fractionation of rat lymph node cells, by which most of the lymphocytes can be recovered as a major population of cells that do not respond to mitogenic stimulation unless accessory cells from a separated minor population are added. Further purification led to a 1000-fold overall increase in accessory activity per cell, with a 50-70% yield. The purest preparations were virtually free of macrophages and contained more than 90% typical dendritic cells. Maximum responses occurred …

A Small Area Approach To The Analysis Of Health Systems Performance, John E. Wennberg, Alan Gittelsohn

Dartmouth Scholarship

Methods and techniques for acquiring and analyzing data have been an area of primary concern for State and local health planning agencies since their initial designation. As their responsibilities have developed and the factors become more complex, the agencies have realized an even greater need for analytic processes for evaluating the performance of their health care systems and determining future directions of their programs.

Cellular Action Of Vasopressin In Medullary Tubules Of Mice With Hereditary Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, Brian A. Jackson, Richard M. Edwards, Heinz Valtin, Thomas P. Dousa

Dartmouth Scholarship

Our previous studies (1974. J. Clin. Invest.54: 753-762.) suggested that impaired metabolism of cyclic AMP (cAMP) may be involved in the renal unresponsiveness to vasopressin (VP) in mice with hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). To localize such a defect to specific segments of the nephron, we studied the activities of VP-sensitive adenylate cyclase, cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDIE), as well as accumulation of cAMP in medullary collecting tubules (MCT) and in medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop (MAL) microdissected from control mice with normal concentrating ability and from mice with hereditary NDI.

Adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by VP or by …

China's Revolution In Health, Norman Miller, James C. Strickler

Dartmouth Scholarship

China today is in the midst of a peaceful revolution that is dramatically changing the very nature of that vast country. Since the death of Chairman Mao and the political demise of the *Gang of Four," there has occurred a major re-emphasis on change and Western technology. To achieve their political goals the new regime, under Chairman Hua Kwo-Fenj, has emphasized "four modernizations": science, industry, national defense, and agriculture. Health and medicine are seen as a part of the scientific arena. The planned changes in this sector will plunge China into a Western form of technology that will certainly have …

A Test Of Consumer Contribution To Small Area Variations In Health Care Delivery, John E. Wennberg Md, Mph, Floyd J. Fowler

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Authors Respond, John E. Wennberg, Alan Gittelsohn

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Professional Uncertainty And National Priorities For Use Of Resources, John E. Wennberg

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Health Care Delivery In Maine Iii: Evaluating The Level Of Hospital Performance, John E. Wennberg Md, Mph, Alan Gittelsohn, Nancy Shapiro

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Health Care Delivery In Maine Ii: Conditions Explaining Admission To Hospital., John E. Wennberg Md, Mph, Alan Gittelsohn, David Soule

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Health Care Delivery In Maine I: Patterns Of Use Of Common Surgical Procedures, John E. Wennberg Md, Mph, Alan Gittelsohn

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Vermont Surgery Study, 1969-1971: On The Incidence Of Tonsillectomy And Other Common Types Of Surgery, John E. Wennberg

Dartmouth Scholarship

The tonsils and adenoids have been subject to a widespread uncontrolled therapeutic experiment over the past half century so that at times and in certain segments of the society, less than half of the children have reached adulthood with these organs intact. While the operation has been recorded in ancient history, its popularity is associated with the advent of modern surgery and anesthesia. Tonsillectomy began to increase in frequency early in the century with a precipitous rise following World War I. Procedure rates continued at high levels since the 1930s and only in the past decade has there been evidence …

Journey In A Forgotten Land- Part 2: Food And Drought: The Broader Picture, Norman Miller

Dartmouth Scholarship

Kenya and Ethiopia handled the drought very differently, both in action and public statements. Ethiopian officials in the south spoke openly and candidly about famine and starvation and willingly gave access to mortality statistics. They also bitterly criticized the former regime for its inept attempt to deal with the famine. Kenya's administrators were cautious and guarded; they denied that any great suffering had occurred and sought to avoid publicity. Missionaries in northern Kenya were advised to give aid without fanfare, not to write home about the famine, and to keep conditions confidential.

Small Area Variations In Health Care Delivery, John E. Wennberg Md, Mph

Dartmouth Scholarship

Health information about total populations is a prerequisite for sound decision-making and planning in the health care field. Experience with a population-based health data system in Vermont reveals that there are wide variations in resource input, utilization of services, and expenditures among neighboring communities. Results show prima facie inequalities in the input of resources that are associated with income transfer from areas of lower expenditure to areas of higher expenditure. Variations in utilization indicate that there is considerable uncertainty about the effectiveness of different levels of aggregate, as well as specific kinds of, health services. Informed choices in the public …

Psro And The Relationship Among Health Need, Elective Surgery And Health Status, John E. Wennberg

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Population Review 1970: Kenya, Norman Miller

Dartmouth Scholarship

The Republic of Kenya, located astride the equator on the Indian Ocean, enjoys the distinction of being the first tropical African nation to initiate a serious government program in population analysis and family planning. Ghana, Botswana, and the Reunion Islands off the African coast recently followed suit and have positive programs underway. By contrast, most other African states remain apathetic toward their own population problems, and a few are vigorously pronatal. Perhaps the most extreme example is Kenya's island neighbor, Zanzibar, which reportedly has introduced the death penalty for illegal abortions, and banned the sale of all contraceptives.