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Articles 601 - 630 of 2525
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Employer Sponsored Health Insurance And Children With Special Health Care Needs, Kathryn Corvey
Employer Sponsored Health Insurance And Children With Special Health Care Needs, Kathryn Corvey
All ETDs from UAB
This dissertation is composed of three papers related to children with special health care needs (CSHCN) who are covered by private health insurance, including employer sponsored health insurance. Over the past couple of decades, researchers and advocates have expressed concern about the impact that widespread changes in private insurance coverage may have on families of CSHCN. These researchers point to the rise in high deductible plans and declining generosity in the form of higher premiums and copayments in more traditional plans offered by employers. Despite this expressed concern, little research has been conducted examining how these changes in employer sponsored …
Quality Of Life, Reading And Accommodation In Children With Low Vision, Dawn Kissner Decarlo
Quality Of Life, Reading And Accommodation In Children With Low Vision, Dawn Kissner Decarlo
All ETDs from UAB
Childhood permanent, uncorrectable vision impairment (VI) is rare, yet it is a public health burden as the impairment lasts a lifetime. Vision impairment describes decreased vision that affects everyday activities. Acuity cut-points commonly used include 20/40, 20/60 or 20/70. Blindness often refers to legal blindness (best corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse or a visual field less than 20 degrees). Children with VI often have hereditary conditions such as albinism, optic atrophy and retinal degenerations and are different in many ways than adults with VI. The majority have conditions with onset at or near birth and as a result …
The Relationship Between Accreditation And Performance Among Federally Qualified Health Centers, Henry Thompson
The Relationship Between Accreditation And Performance Among Federally Qualified Health Centers, Henry Thompson
All ETDs from UAB
While past studies have examined the relationship between accreditation and hospital performance, no previous studies have evaluated the relationship between Joint Commission accreditation and Federal Qualified Health Center (FQHC) performance. Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between Joint Commission accreditation and variables of interest. Joint Commission accreditation was utilized as the dependent variable in the evaluation of organizational and environmental market factors, and utilized as the independent variable in the evaluation of clinical and non-clinical performance outcomes. This study applies a novel approach to determine the relationship between Joint Commission accreditation and adoption among FQHCs, and organizational …
Effect Of Cement Selection On Retention Of Zirconia And Lithium Disilicate Crowns, Chan-Te Huang
Effect Of Cement Selection On Retention Of Zirconia And Lithium Disilicate Crowns, Chan-Te Huang
All ETDs from UAB
Background: Ceramic crowns (lithium disilicate and zirconia) have become the most prescribed material for the restoration of anterior and posterior teeth due to the esthetic concerns of patients and the high cost of noble alloys. Different types of cements are used for luting crowns such as zinc phosphate, glass ionomer, resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI), resin cements and bioactive cements. Selection of different cements and bonding protocols for zirconia or lithium disilicate crowns to increase their bonding strength remains a clinical challenge for dentists. Objectives: To measure the retention strength of lithium disilicate and zirconia crowns cemented with different cements. …
C-Reactive Protein Subverts The Myeloid Lineage: Implications For Renal Injury, Rachel Jimenez
C-Reactive Protein Subverts The Myeloid Lineage: Implications For Renal Injury, Rachel Jimenez
All ETDs from UAB
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition molecule that was first characterized for its participation in the acute phase response to bacterial infection. In the last 90 years, knowledge of CRP biology in innate immunity has expanded significantly. CRP is known to bind and activate the classical pathway of complement, to opsonize bacteria and inflamed tissue, and to modulate myeloid cell functions. CRP is normally present in the blood at low levels with its biosynthesis and serum concentration rapidly rises upon systemic inflammation. For example, high levels of serum CRP are found following acute kidney injury (AKI) in …
In Vitro Evaluation Of Candida Albicans Adherence And Disinfection Techniques On Cad/Cam Milled, 3d Printed, And Heat-Cured Pmma, Mohammad Amir Koujan
In Vitro Evaluation Of Candida Albicans Adherence And Disinfection Techniques On Cad/Cam Milled, 3d Printed, And Heat-Cured Pmma, Mohammad Amir Koujan
All ETDs from UAB
INTRODUCTION: Candida albicans has been regarded as the most predominant oral fungal pathogen and the main causative of denture stomatitis. Modern denture are fabricated from various types of polymers commonly: CAD/CAM or heat-cured. C. albicans adherence rate to these polymers and disinfection efficacy of adherent fungal biofilms are multifactorial processes and differ depending on the physical characteristics of the targeted surface. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate Candida albicans adherence to specimens from three types of polymers namely: heat-cured PMMA, CAD/CAM milled and 3D printed. The second part compares the efficacy of four common disinfection techniques on …
Exploring Diet Quality In Early Care And Education Centers: Measures, Policies, And Center Characteristics, Elizabeth Kroeger
Exploring Diet Quality In Early Care And Education Centers: Measures, Policies, And Center Characteristics, Elizabeth Kroeger
All ETDs from UAB
Over 65% of children ages 2-5 years attend Early Care and Education (ECE) centers where they consume most of their daily caloric intake; however, children at these centers are not meeting the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). This could suggest poor diet quality, which is a risk factor for diet-related diseases. Currently, diet quality in ECE centers is measured through the assessment of either the food/beverages listed on the lunch menu (menu), served to the children during lunch (served), or consumed by the children during lunch (consumed). However, the lunch meal may be better viewed as a process, rather than …
Understanding And Targeting Glucose Transporter 3 In Glioblastoma, Catherine Jeanne Libby
Understanding And Targeting Glucose Transporter 3 In Glioblastoma, Catherine Jeanne Libby
All ETDs from UAB
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult primary malignant brain tumor with a median survival of about 15 months, even after aggressive treatment. Treatment of GBM is difficult for multiple reasons including the location of the tumor, tumor invasiveness, and the high degree of both inter-and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Contributing to intratumoral heterogeneity are highly tumorigenic, stem-like tumor cells, with the capacity to self-renew and propagate the tumor, termed brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs). BTICs are also commonly therapy resistant, highly invasive, and metabolically plastic with elevated expression of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) allowing them to preferentially survive in low nutrient …
Health Systems And Societal Level Community Benefit, Meghan Blueberry Mccarthy
Health Systems And Societal Level Community Benefit, Meghan Blueberry Mccarthy
All ETDs from UAB
In America, the amount spent on community benefit as tax exemption justification for not-for-profit health care is approaching 100 billion dollars annually. There are multiple categories for community benefit as defined by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The overwhelming majority of these funds are spent on individual financial assistance rather than societal level community health investments to address social determinates of health. Societal level community benefit is defined as the total spending on community health improvement, cash & in-kind donations to community groups and community building as reported on IRS form 990 Schedule H. These three combined itemized areas of …
Translating Public Health Strategies To Examine Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy In Alabama, Matthew Dean Moore
Translating Public Health Strategies To Examine Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy In Alabama, Matthew Dean Moore
All ETDs from UAB
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are on the rise in the United States and contribute significantly to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. The impact of such disorders is especially burdensome for women insured by Medicaid, for those who live in the South, and for those representing racial and ethnic minorities. It is evident across the aims of this dissertation that HDP remains an important public health concern to stakeholders in Alabama, its diagnosis is influenced by various maternal characteristics, and it can result in disparate severe outcomes for some populations. The first aim examines systems level decision-making in the …
An Analysis Of Hospitalist Programs In Critical Access Hospitals, Robert Thomas Peterson
An Analysis Of Hospitalist Programs In Critical Access Hospitals, Robert Thomas Peterson
All ETDs from UAB
AN ANALYSIS OF HOSPITALIST PROGRAMS IN CRITICAL ACCESS HOSPITALS ROBERT T. PETERSON HEALTHCARE LEADERSHIP ABSTRACT Hospitalists are physicians specially trained in the care of hospitalized patients. In critical access hospitals (CAHs), the annual cost of a physician-based hospitalist program is approximately $1M. The high cost of hospitalist programs must be offset by the hospitalists’ ability to reduce the cost of inpatient care and/or by their ability to generate additional inpatient volume and revenue. Two well-established metrics are used to measure hospitalist performance: the average inpatient length of stay (ALOS) and the average daily census (ADC). Well-performing hospitalist programs are expected …
The Influence Of Maxillary Sinus Anatomy On Schneiderian Membrane Perforation During Lateral Wall Sinus Augmentation: A 5-Year Retrospective Study, Andrea Pizzini
All ETDs from UAB
Although previous studies have attempted to identify risk factors for membrane perforation, limited information with conflicting data exists regarding the significance of the relationship between buccal wall thickness and membrane perforation. Access to the Schneiderian membrane during the sinus augmentation procedure is obtained through the buccal wall, thus the importance of understanding whether its thickness plays a role in membrane perforations. In addition, the anatomy of the sinus cavity plays an important role in rendering the sinus augmentation procedure straightforward or rather complex. It is theorized that the narrower the sinus cavity, the higher the risk of membrane perforation. Residual …
Ideal Gingival Display Upon Full Smile, A Comparative Evaluation In American Dental Professionals And Laypeople, Anthony Michael Pikos
Ideal Gingival Display Upon Full Smile, A Comparative Evaluation In American Dental Professionals And Laypeople, Anthony Michael Pikos
All ETDs from UAB
IDEAL GINGIVAL DISPLAY UPON FULL SMILE, A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION IN AMERICAN DENTAL PROFESSIONALS AND LAYPEOPLE ANTHONY M. PIKOS UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM, PERIODONTICS DEPARTMENT ABSTRACT The essentials of a smile involve the relationship between three primary components: the teeth, the lip framework, and the gingival scaffold. Excess of the gums while smiling is known as the gingival smile and this has been considered unaesthetic; however, the amount of gingival excess considered appealing differs in the literature. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a difference in the perceptions of an ideally esthetic smile between dental …
Copper Dependent Inhibitors Subvert Common Resistance Mechanisms In Staphylococcus Aureus And Inhibit Crucial Metabolic Pathways, Cameron Crawford
Copper Dependent Inhibitors Subvert Common Resistance Mechanisms In Staphylococcus Aureus And Inhibit Crucial Metabolic Pathways, Cameron Crawford
All ETDs from UAB
The effective antibiotic pool is shrinking with antibiotic resistance a constant problem that threatens to make our current therapies obsolete. To combat this, new drug screening methodologies are required since the traditional drug screens are offering limited results or only improvements upon current treatments. This work expands upon the idea that transition metal toxicity can be preferentially targeted towards bacteria. Specifically, the focus is on copper dependent inhibitors that quickly work to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus is a particularly threatening bacteria with high strain variability, a litany of survival and virulence factors, and multiple drug resistance mechanisms that are …
A Prospective, Rct To Compare Vestibular Incision Supraperiosteal Access And Sulcular Tunnel Access Root Coverage Procedures To Treat Gingival Recession. A Pilot Study, Jamie Hargett Howard
A Prospective, Rct To Compare Vestibular Incision Supraperiosteal Access And Sulcular Tunnel Access Root Coverage Procedures To Treat Gingival Recession. A Pilot Study, Jamie Hargett Howard
All ETDs from UAB
The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and patient centered outcomes obtained following soft tissue grafting utilizing vestibular incision subperiosteal tunneling access (VISTA) or standard tunneling access (STA) procedures with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and coronal flap advancement to treat Miller class I and II recession defects on single rooted teeth. Nine patients and 29 recession defects were randomly divided into two groups (A: VISTA, B: STA) and were treated and evaluated for six months post-surgically. For all participants included in the study the average recession defects at baseline were 2.48±0.57mm and at the six-month visit the …
Rna Polymerase I Elongation Kinetics: A Biochemical And Global Study Of A Cancer Therapeutic Target, Catherine Elizabeth Scull
Rna Polymerase I Elongation Kinetics: A Biochemical And Global Study Of A Cancer Therapeutic Target, Catherine Elizabeth Scull
All ETDs from UAB
My graduate research has focused on understanding the elongation kinetics of RNA polymerase I (Pol I), the enzyme responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and defining how inhibition of ribosome biogenesis may be used as a cancer therapeutic strategy. Here, I have defined key biophysical features of Pol I and I have expanded the field’s understanding of Pol I elongation by: 1) characterizing the enzymatic properties of Pol I by mutational analysis of the polymerase itself, and by 2) elucidating the role of DNA sequence on Pol I arrest and nucleolytic cleavage activity. In recent years, Pol I has become …
Smoke Inhalation, Lung Function, And Heart Rate In Wildland Firefighters, Jordan E. Nelson
Smoke Inhalation, Lung Function, And Heart Rate In Wildland Firefighters, Jordan E. Nelson
All ETDs from UAB
Given the close proximity to the fire front and limited use of respiratory protection, wildland firefighters are exposed to elevated levels of biomass smoke during regular occupational shifts. Due to the complex composition of biomass smoke, the relationships relating biomass smoke exposure to health outcomes has yet to be elucidated. In addition to occupational exposures, increasing intensity of wildfire events may place communities within close proximity to wildfires at risk of biomass smoke exposure. This study aimed to assess exposures to biomass smoke particles and quantify respiratory and cardiovascular health responses during active fire events using novel monitoring techniques. Personal …
A Structure Based Approach For Defining Ligand Interaction Requirements With Atp-Binding Cassette Proteins, Christina A. Le
A Structure Based Approach For Defining Ligand Interaction Requirements With Atp-Binding Cassette Proteins, Christina A. Le
All ETDs from UAB
Membrane proteins belonging to the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) superfamily are responsible for transporting substrates into or out of cells. ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1) defend cells by the active efflux of many chemically diverse cytotoxic compounds. The ABC protein, CFTR/ABCC7, is a passive chloride ion channel that provides fluid homeostasis. Pgp and CFTR of are high clinical interest since mutations in CFTR can result in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and upregulation of Pgp in tumor cells can result in multidrug resistance (MDR). There has been a major effort to develop clinical drugs to treat CF by either repairing defects in …
Integration Of Yeast Phenomics And Cancer Pharmacogenomics To Model Precision Medicine, Sean Santos
Integration Of Yeast Phenomics And Cancer Pharmacogenomics To Model Precision Medicine, Sean Santos
All ETDs from UAB
Precision medicine aims to optimize disease treatment by considering the differential influence of functional genetic variation on phenotypic outcomes and therapeutic efficacy. However, current precision medicine paradigms lack consideration of the abundance of genetic interaction and ensuing complexity of phenotypes, thus thwarting resolution of gene-drug interaction at a systems level and ‘precise’ predictions for most patients. Yeast phenomics enables quantitative, high-resolution experimental modeling of gene-drug interaction phenotypes at a systems level by measuring growth curves for the ~6000 yeast knockout/knockdown library strains, which can guide a more global resolution of disease and treatment complexity at the organism level. We postulate …
O-Glcnac Regulation Of Inhibitory Circuits, Kavitha Abiraman
O-Glcnac Regulation Of Inhibitory Circuits, Kavitha Abiraman
All ETDs from UAB
Post translational modification of proteins plays a crucial role in regulating their function, and the role of one such modification, termed O-GlcNAcylation, is understudied. O-GlcNAcylation involves the dynamic cycle of adding and removing an O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) by the enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which are highly expressed in the hippocampus. Enzymes that catalyze O-GlcNAcylation are found at both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, and O-GlcNAcylated proteins localize to synaptosomes. We have shown that acute and selective increase in O-GlcNAcylation of AMPAR GluA2 subunits underlies expression of a novel form of LTD at CA3-CA1 synapses (O-GlcNAc LTD), as well …
Temporomandibular Joint Function After Orthognathic Surgery, Aikaterini Kleopatra Aslanidou
Temporomandibular Joint Function After Orthognathic Surgery, Aikaterini Kleopatra Aslanidou
All ETDs from UAB
Orthognathic surgery has 3 basic goals: function, esthetics and stability. The relationship between orthognathic surgery and temporomandibular joint function remains highly controversial. Regarding the functional changes and range of mandibular movements after surgery, mandibular hypomobility and other signs and symptoms of joint dysfunction are associated with orthognathic surgery in the literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the function of the temporomandibular joints at lest 6 months after orthognathic surgery and compare them with non-surgical subjects. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in subjective symptoms reported by the subjects and clinical evaluation of the range …
Mechanisms Of Acute Kidney Injury: The Role Of Ferritin Heavy Chain In Renal Heme-Unology, Laurence Marie Black
Mechanisms Of Acute Kidney Injury: The Role Of Ferritin Heavy Chain In Renal Heme-Unology, Laurence Marie Black
All ETDs from UAB
The kidneys are complex, multi-faceted organs that are responsible for regulatory processes, such as fluid homeostasis, hormone production, blood pressure regulation, and systemic toxin removal. Sudden disruption of these processes by acute kidney injury (AKI) causes rapid decline in renal function as well as significant morbidity and mortality. AKI is a significant clinical concern, affecting up to 13.3 million people globally each year and has the propensity to progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD), though the mechanism remains undefined. One reason for this is due to the lack of understanding of models used to study both AKI and CKD, hindering …
Dental Dimensions In Non-Syndromic Patients With Unilateral Cleft Palate, Blake Boleware
Dental Dimensions In Non-Syndromic Patients With Unilateral Cleft Palate, Blake Boleware
All ETDs from UAB
Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine if any difference in tooth size exists between the maxillary quadrants in non-syndromic patients with unilateral cleft palate using cone beam computed tomography. By understanding the effects of cleft palate on tooth morphology, the multidisciplinary team of specialists involved with the care and treatment of a patient with cleft lip/palate can better understand the intricacies of necessary therapy. This understanding can, in turn, be used for proper planning of desired treatments which can increase the chance of successful achievement of desired outcomes. Materials and Methods: CBCT volumes for 18 patients …
Assessing Diabetes Risk Among Hispanic Populations: Development And Validation Of A Risk Score Using Readily Available Information, Lucia Juarez
All ETDs from UAB
Background: Diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide affecting vulnerable popula-tions, in particular Hispanics living in the United States (U.S.). The burden of diabetes and its complications can be reduced by identifying those at high risk and routing them to treatment and intensive behavioral interventions. Aim: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a simple score to identify undiag-nosed diabetes among Hispanics living in the U.S. Methods: A representative sample of Hispanics living in the U.S. was used to develop and validate the score. Logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors and model coefficients were used to …
St6gal-I Mediated Sialylation Promotes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression And Chemoresistance, Asmi Chakraborty
St6gal-I Mediated Sialylation Promotes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression And Chemoresistance, Asmi Chakraborty
All ETDs from UAB
ST6Gal-I adds α2-6 sialic acids to select N-glycosylated cell surface receptors, thereby modulating receptor function and intracellular signaling. ST6Gal-I is upregulated in various carcinomas and confers cancer stem cell (CSC) properties evidenced by tumorspheroid growth, chemoresistance and tumor initiating potential. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), ST6Gal-I conferred gemcitabine resistance by abrogating DNA damage and altering expression levels of gemcitabine metabolism genes. Further, ST6Gal-I promoted resistance to chronic gemcitabine treatment. Additionally, metastatic clones of a PDAC cell line had increased ST6Gal-I expression and ST6Gal-I knockdown enhanced gemcitabine sensitivity. To investigate the physiological consequences of ST6Gal-I in PDAC, murine models were used. …
Healthcare Cybersecurity: Building A Cyber Vulnerability Profile For U.S. Hospitals, Gemini O. Majkowski
Healthcare Cybersecurity: Building A Cyber Vulnerability Profile For U.S. Hospitals, Gemini O. Majkowski
All ETDs from UAB
Digital transformation in healthcare has offered exponential advances in capabilities and efficiencies improving access, quality of care, chronic disease management, public health surveillance, and population health. However, the speed of change left security lagging, exposing cyber vulnerabilities that cost the U.S. $6.2 billion dollars annually, at an average cost of $2.2 million dollars, and 3,128 records breached per incident. Despite significant investments to close the gap on cyber vulnerabilities, cybersecurity remains a critical issue. Little research has been done to build a cyber vulnerability profile for U.S. hospitals. In this study, U.S. hospitals with reportable breach and without reportable breach …
Appropriately Timed Epigenetic Manipulation With Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors As A Platform Approach To Tumor Immunotherapy, Tyler Mccaw
All ETDs from UAB
In contrast to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, immunotherapy is able to respond in proportion to tumor burden and continue to evolve in parallel with the tumor mass and metastatic sites. In this way, immune-based cancer therapies are a living drug and hold enormous potential. In this work, we enforce expression of MHCII on a murine breast cancer model to study how changes in tumor biology can drive improved T cell-mediated responses. We next use histone deacetylase inhibitors to manipulate the microenvironment through a more clinically relevant, therapeutic approach. Herein, improvements in tumor control were driven by CD8 T cells and IFNγ, …
Amyloid And White Mater Hyperintensity Burden In The Stroke Belt, Emily Carol Mckinley
Amyloid And White Mater Hyperintensity Burden In The Stroke Belt, Emily Carol Mckinley
All ETDs from UAB
Several large cohort studies have found associations between residence in the Stroke Belt and cognitive impairment as well as dementia mortality; however, the rela-tionship between residence in the Stroke Belt and buildup of amyloid has not been estab-lished. The current project assessed the association between residence in the Stroke Belt and amyloid burden, amyloid accumulation, or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in a large, national cohort of older US residents. The first study used linear regression models to examine the relationship between geographic residence and Centiloid values. Residence in the Stroke Belt at the time of baseline amyloid PET assessment was …
Ribosomal Rna Synthesis Is Regulated By Pathways That Respond To Environmental And Stress Conditions, Saman Najmi
Ribosomal Rna Synthesis Is Regulated By Pathways That Respond To Environmental And Stress Conditions, Saman Najmi
All ETDs from UAB
Ribosome biogenesis is one of the most central processes to cellular growth and metabolism. The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is thought to be rate limiting for ribosome biogenesis, and is therefore subject to extensive regulation. The work presented in this dissertation characterizes two previously undiscovered pathways regulating rRNA synthesis. Due to the direct connection between ribosome biogenesis (and rRNA synthesis) and cellular proliferative potential, Pol I activity is upregulated in cancers. Cancer cells are hypersensitive to inhibition of Pol I, a quality that makes Pol I an attractive target for anticancer therapeutics. The …
Genome Sequencing To Identify Novel Developmental Disorder Variation, Matthew Neu
Genome Sequencing To Identify Novel Developmental Disorder Variation, Matthew Neu
All ETDs from UAB
The ability to quickly and accurately catalog an individual's genetic variation through genome sequencing has ignited a new era of diagnostic and therapeutic development for heritable disease. Although genome sequencing can provide a molecular diagnosis in a significant number of patients with suspected genetic disease, there remain a number of unsolved cases for which no pathogenic cause can be determined. This uncertainty can create a "diagnostic odyssey" in which sequential tests fail to provide a diagnostic resolution and can often delay beneficial treatment, impact family planning, and be emotionally challenging for patients and their families. Clearly, there is an unmet …