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Articles 2071 - 2100 of 2525
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
In Vivo Imaging Studies In Animal Models Of Myocardial Infarction With And Without Cell Injections, Balazs Ruzsics
In Vivo Imaging Studies In Animal Models Of Myocardial Infarction With And Without Cell Injections, Balazs Ruzsics
All ETDs from UAB
After prolonged myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction occurs. Several tissue changes are associated with myocardial infarction and iron labeled cell injections. In the present thesis our major aim was to develop methods to monitor these tissue changes with MRI and MDCT. In the first chapter we used transendocardial injection to deliver iron labeled allogen skeletal myoblasts one week after myocardial infarction. Our goal was to identify the cells and/or injection sites in the myocardium. We used our new Tissue Characterization Mapping method to delineate tissue edema and hemorrhage in the myocardium. The T2 weighted signal intensity enhancement, T2w SIE region was …
Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Administrative Innovations, Tom J. Sanders
Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Administrative Innovations, Tom J. Sanders
All ETDs from UAB
The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the influence of selected environmental and organizational factors on the adoption of administrative innovations in order to better understand strategic adaptation by organizations. General systems theory, various organizational theories, strategic adaptation and management theories, and adoption and diffusion of innovation literature were used to develop a theoretical framework to address four primary and sixteen secondary hypotheses. The administrative innovation used for this study was the magnet hospital concept for enhancing attraction and retention of registered nurses in order to address a persistent workforce shortage in U.S. hospitals. Secondary data related to U.S. …
Caste As A Determinant Of Utilization Of Maternal And Neonatal Healthcare Services In Maitha, Uttar Pradesh, India, Ekta Saroha
Caste As A Determinant Of Utilization Of Maternal And Neonatal Healthcare Services In Maitha, Uttar Pradesh, India, Ekta Saroha
All ETDs from UAB
Caste among Hindus in India is a non-modifiable socio-demographic characteristic, often the basis of segregation and discrimination. Despite the provision of subsidized maternal and child healthcare services, utilization in rural Uttar Pradesh (UP), India is poor. Studies showed that upper caste (UC) women were more likely to utilize healthcare services than the lower caste (LC) women but this association is inadequately researched. We explored whether caste was a determinant of utilization of maternal healthcare (MH) and neonatal healthcare (NH) services among rural Hindu women and neonates in Maitha, UP, India. Data from the ‘Morbidity and Performance Assessment’ study for 482 …
A Grounded Theory Study: Hispanic Adolescents' Experience Of Being Overweight, Wilma Powell Stuart
A Grounded Theory Study: Hispanic Adolescents' Experience Of Being Overweight, Wilma Powell Stuart
All ETDs from UAB
The number of overweight adolescents worldwide has continued to increase over the past several decades. Intervention studies for weight management with overweight adolescents are challenged by high rates of attrition and have failed to achieve sustained outcomes. Hispanic adolescents have a higher risk of being overweight than their African American and White peers do. However, Hispanic overweight adolescents have been poorly represented in intervention studies with overweight adolescents. The factors that influence the Hispanic overweight adolescents’ perceptions of weight and weight loss management are not known. This qualitative study used ground theory methodology to identify the factors that influence perceptions …
The Characterization Of The Subcellular Localization Of Bile Acid Coa: N-Acyltransferase, Nathan Allen Styles
The Characterization Of The Subcellular Localization Of Bile Acid Coa: N-Acyltransferase, Nathan Allen Styles
All ETDs from UAB
The liver plays a central role in metabolism. It controls protein metabolism through deamination and transamination of amino acids, removal of ammonia through urea synthesis, synthesis of non-essential amino acids and synthesis of the majority of plasma proteins such as albumin. The liver regulates blood glucose levels through glyconeogenesis and glyconeolysis of glycogen, as well as gluconeogenesis from amino acids. It regulates fat metabolism through oxidation of triglycerides and fatty acids, as well as synthesis of cholesterol, lipoproteins, and phospholipids. Furthermore, the liver is the only site of formation of bile acids and their conjugates, physiologically important compounds that solubilize …
Bacillus Anthracis Spore-Host Interactions, Melissa K. Swiecki
Bacillus Anthracis Spore-Host Interactions, Melissa K. Swiecki
All ETDs from UAB
The use of Bacillus anthracis as a bioweapon depends on the dispersal of its spores into the environment, entrance into the body, spore uptake by human host cells, germination of the spores in the host and the pathological consequences of the virulence factors produced by the vegetative cells. Prior to 2001, very little was known about the mechanisms of spore entry into the host, including targeting cell types at airway, digestive and skin surfaces, potential spore receptors on these cells and spore encounters with cellular and humoral elements of the innate and adaptive immune systems. To this end, we have …
Relaxation Rate-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification Of Myocardial Infarction, Pal Suranyi
Relaxation Rate-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification Of Myocardial Infarction, Pal Suranyi
All ETDs from UAB
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in western societies. Treatment needs to be tailored for each individual, which requires accurate assessment of the underlying pathology. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a relatively young modality in the field of cardiovascular imaging, and boasts with the lack of harmful radiation, excellent soft tissue contrast, and high spatial-temporal resolution. The very foundation of the concept of MRI was the finding that pathology causes changes in the relaxation rates of tissues. Measurement of relaxation rates is more time consuming than generating simple signal intensity images weighted by the longitudinal or transverse …
Genetic And Epigenetic Regulation Of Dihydropyrimidinase And Beta-Ureidopropionase In Individuals With Altered Uracil Catabolism And Normal Dihydro Pyrimidine Dehydrogenase Enzyme Activity, Holly Reed Thomas
All ETDs from UAB
There remain a number of patients presenting with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity despite normal dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme activity, suggesting possible deficiencies in the two enzymes downstream of DPD in the uracil catabolic pathway: dihydropyrimidinase (DHP), encoded by the DPYS gene, or β-ureidopropionase (BUP-1), encoded by the UPB1 gene. Unlike DPD, which is expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), DHP and BUP-1 enzyme activity is detected in only the liver and kidney, thus requiring an invasive biopsy for determination of activity. This dissertation, therefore, focuses on the role of the genetic and epigenetic regulation of DPYS and UPB1. The genetic …
Effects Of Optical Blur On Visual Performance And Comfort Of Computer Users, Ferial M. Zeried
Effects Of Optical Blur On Visual Performance And Comfort Of Computer Users, Ferial M. Zeried
All ETDs from UAB
Background. The study examined the effects of optical blur on the visual performance and comfort of computer workers. Since most workers have significant degrees of optical blur, the study may elucidate improved methodology for workplace comfort and function. Methods. Since young and old workers experience blur from different sources, the study incorporated two different designs. The study examined the correction of optical blur using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. The primary outcomes of the study were visual comfort and productivity. In study one, subjects were required to be 19-35 yrs of age, have at least 0.50D uncorrected refractive error …
Barrier Membranes For Ridge Augmentation - Is There An Optimal Pore Size?, Rajesh Gutta
Barrier Membranes For Ridge Augmentation - Is There An Optimal Pore Size?, Rajesh Gutta
All ETDs from UAB
Background: - Alveolar bone loss is often a sequelae of edentulism. However, several reconstruction procedures with bone grafts and barrier membranes are used to restore the lost bony architecture. The value of titanium mesh barriers has been shown to be reliable both in vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation procedures. However, there is a paucity of literature supporting the role of pore size of barrier membranes in preventing soft tissue ingrowth during ridge augmentation procedures. There are multiple reports describing a layer of soft tissue with varying thickness beneath the mesh and adhering to the newly regenerated bone. The objective of …
Visually Impaired Caregivers: Perspectives From Patient Focus Groups, Bethany Surrey Martinez
Visually Impaired Caregivers: Perspectives From Patient Focus Groups, Bethany Surrey Martinez
All ETDs from UAB
Purpose: We typically think of those with severe visual impairment as having to receive care or assistance for tasks in everyday living. However, with the aging of the population, more persons who are severely visually impaired are now caring for a spouse of significant other. Very little is known about visually impaired (VI) caregivers. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study is to learn more about this vulnerable population of VI caregivers. Methods: Focus groups and one-on-one interviews were conducted with English speaking adults who were legally blind (U.S. definition) and served as informal caregiver of an adult family member. …
Using Genetic Admixture And Lipo Protein Lipase Polymorphisms To Explain Variations In Plasma Triglycerides And High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol In Premenopauasal African And European American Females, Nihal Omar Natour
All ETDs from UAB
Although African Americans (AA) are well known to be more obese and more in-sulin resistant than European Americas (EA), several studies have shown that AA have lower plasma triglyceride (TG) and higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The reasons for these levels of TG and HDL-C are not understood, and scientists have suggested a role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a key regulator of TG rich lipoproteins me-tabolism that is also thought to indirectly affect HDL-C metabolism. To investigate the extent to which these observed differences in TG and HDL-C are due to genetic makeup, we investigated the role of genetic …
Development And Testing Of Feed - A Feedback Expert System For Ems Documentation, Devashish Saini
Development And Testing Of Feed - A Feedback Expert System For Ems Documentation, Devashish Saini
All ETDs from UAB
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are delivered in a chaotic, dynamic, unpre-dictable, and therefore error-prone environment. Deviations from protocol are common and some may be severe enough to cause harm to the patient. EMS personnel, like all healthcare providers, can benefit from feedback, continued education and medical over-sight. A Feedback Expert system for EMS Documentation (FEED) was developed for providing feedback to EMS personnel after the ambulance run is completed and docu-mented electronically. FEED’s knowledge base was derived from Alabama State EMS Protocols and discussions with two EMS faculty members from UAB School of Medi-cine. FEED is rule-based and uses confidence …
Surface Reproducibility Of Impression Materials, Amit Shah
Surface Reproducibility Of Impression Materials, Amit Shah
All ETDs from UAB
The inability to absorb or release moisture limits the ANSI/ADA specification 19 stainless steel mold from accurately mimicking tooth structure and oral conditions while evaluating in vitro detail reproduction of elastomeric impression materials. Moreover, studies utilizing this mold have been graduated at room temperature, not normal mouth temperature. Bovine teeth, being similar to human teeth in microstructure and composition, are the closest substitutes that can be used to evaluate surface detail reproducibility of impression materials. The objectives of this study were (1) to develop a new bovine in vitro test model at controlled temperature and humidity in order to simulate …
In Vitro Compressive Fracture Resistance Of The Human Maxillary First Premolar With Different Mod Cavity Design And Restorative Materials, Wen-Chou Wu
All ETDs from UAB
Cuspal failures of MOD (mesial-occlusal-distal) restored teeth have been constantly observed in clinic especially those restored with amalgam. As the pulpal depth and isthmus width of the preparation increases, the strength decreases. A number of studies have investigated the adhesive technique which is intended to increase the fracture resistance by bonding the tooth structure. The results of the studies are controversial because of the differences of research design among studies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fracture resistance of the human maxillary first premolar restored with condensable composite (Surefil, Dentsply) and CEREC 3D ProCAD leucite-reinforced ceramic inlays …
The Role Of Cd5 In Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitomyelitis, Robert C. Axtell
The Role Of Cd5 In Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitomyelitis, Robert C. Axtell
All ETDs from UAB
The regulation of activation, differentiation and persistence of effector T-cells are critical for the development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of Multiple Sclerosis. Until now, the function of CD5 was accepted to be a negative regulator of T-cell activation. This dissertation reports that CD5 has an addi-tional role in T-cell responses, which is to promote cell survival. Observations from EAE experiments revealed that mice deficient in CD5 exhibited decreased disease severity which was associated with the inability of activated T-cells to survive. Moreover, block-ing the engagement of CD5 in mice led to enhanced activation induced cell death …
Cd8+ T-Lymphocytes And The Control Of Cytomegalovirus Infection Of The Newborn Central Nervous System, Glenn Robert Burgner Bantug
Cd8+ T-Lymphocytes And The Control Of Cytomegalovirus Infection Of The Newborn Central Nervous System, Glenn Robert Burgner Bantug
All ETDs from UAB
Congenital HCMV infection of the developing brain is the leading viral cause of mental retardation and sensorineural hearing loss. To elucidate the pathogenesis of congenital HCMV CNS infections, we developed a small animal model of CMV infection where newborn Balb/c mice are peripherally inoculated with murine cytomegalovirus. In this model we observed transient deficits in cerebellar/hindbrain development as well as the recruitment of peripheral immune effector cells to the CNS parenchyma. CD8+ T-lymphocytes were the predominant mononuclear cellular infiltrates in the brain and immune-depletion of CD8+ cells resulted in increased viral genome copy numbers in the CNS. CD8+ T-lymphocytes exhibited …
Impact Of Immunosuppression On The Incidence And Clearance Of Human Papillomavirus In Hiv-Infected Women In Alabama, Madhav P. Bhatta
Impact Of Immunosuppression On The Incidence And Clearance Of Human Papillomavirus In Hiv-Infected Women In Alabama, Madhav P. Bhatta
All ETDs from UAB
Persistent infection with certain “high-risk” types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is central to the development of cervical cancer. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are at a higher risk of HPV infection, high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions, and cervical cancer. This study examined type-specific distribution of prevalent and incident HPV infections, clearance rates, and associated factors using novel molecular assays for HPV detection and genotyping in a cohort of 280 HIVinfected women in Alabama. First, we described the cohort’s sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral risk profile for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, and assessed the factors associated with HIV-1 viral …
Factors For Hiv /Aids Risk In Yunnan Province, China Near The Myanmar Border., Yan Xiao
Factors For Hiv /Aids Risk In Yunnan Province, China Near The Myanmar Border., Yan Xiao
All ETDs from UAB
No abstract provided.
Contribution Of Non-Occupational Exposure Factors And Non-Noise Occupational Exposure To Loss Of Hearing Sensitivity Among Anniston Army Depot Worker., Katrina L. Wright
Contribution Of Non-Occupational Exposure Factors And Non-Noise Occupational Exposure To Loss Of Hearing Sensitivity Among Anniston Army Depot Worker., Katrina L. Wright
All ETDs from UAB
No abstract provided.
The Determinants Of Medicaid Participation Among Private Primary Care Dentists In Alabama., Dania E. Al Agili
The Determinants Of Medicaid Participation Among Private Primary Care Dentists In Alabama., Dania E. Al Agili
All ETDs from UAB
No abstract provided.
Small For Gestational Age Infants: Survival And Impact Of Advanced Maternal Age., Sibylle Kristensen
Small For Gestational Age Infants: Survival And Impact Of Advanced Maternal Age., Sibylle Kristensen
All ETDs from UAB
No abstract provided.
Cervical Cancer Screening For Hiv-Infected Women In Zambia., Vikrant Sahasrabuddhe
Cervical Cancer Screening For Hiv-Infected Women In Zambia., Vikrant Sahasrabuddhe
All ETDs from UAB
No abstract provided.
Questionnaires Based On Social Cognitive Theory Constructs Do Not Predict Exercise Adherence In Older Adults After Discharge From Home Health Physical Therapy., Jason Hardage
All ETDs from UAB
No abstract provided.
Antenatal Syphilis Management In Sub -Saharan Africa: Public Health Management Challenges And The Impact Of New Hiv Programs In Zambia., Dara G. Potter
Antenatal Syphilis Management In Sub -Saharan Africa: Public Health Management Challenges And The Impact Of New Hiv Programs In Zambia., Dara G. Potter
All ETDs from UAB
No abstract provided.
Pediatric Iron Toxicity: The Impact Of Unit Dose Packaging., Ann P. Slattery
Pediatric Iron Toxicity: The Impact Of Unit Dose Packaging., Ann P. Slattery
All ETDs from UAB
No abstract provided.
Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis (Mlva) For Clonal Characterization Of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains, Matthew Box
All ETDs from UAB
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have been observed to be associated with community based individuals (CA-MRSA) and hospitalized patients (HA-MRSA). The CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA are no longer distinguishable based on the location of patient when the isolate was first obtained from the patient. These strains are now observed both in the hospital and community settings. While the origin of the isolate does not appear to be critical, it is important to genetically define these isolates to assist in epidemiological investigations and evaluation of infection control measures effectiveness. The conventional method for analyzing this genetic information has been pulsed-field gel …
Micro-Computed Tomographic Analysis Of Bone Healing Subsequent To Graft Placement, Preeti M. Chopra
Micro-Computed Tomographic Analysis Of Bone Healing Subsequent To Graft Placement, Preeti M. Chopra
All ETDs from UAB
A MicroCT analysis of bone healing subsequent to graft (tri calcium phosphate/TCP) placement in the maxillary sinus prior to dental endosteal implant placement was the objective of the current study. Ten trephined rod shaped human bone cores were obtained three months after the placement of particulate graft material and the samples were stored immediately in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Using a Microcomputed tomography, the samples were evaluated at resolutions of 6 and 20μm. The thresholds for bone and graft material were determined using visual image, intensity (grey level) and histogram analyses. The graft and bone threshold was 235 greylevel and …
Underlying Purinergic Signaling Important For Monociliumdependent Signaling In Ductal Epithelia: Implications For Polycystic Kidney Disease, Michael Hovater
Underlying Purinergic Signaling Important For Monociliumdependent Signaling In Ductal Epithelia: Implications For Polycystic Kidney Disease, Michael Hovater
All ETDs from UAB
This thesis concerns purinergic signaling in renal epithelial cells of normal and polycystic kidneys. The first section discusses first principles of “purinergic signaling” as they relate to the nephron and the urinary bladder. Remodeled and encapsulated cysts in autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) and remodeled “pseudocysts” in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) of the renal collecting duct create an ideal microenvironment for purinergic signaling. Once “trapped” in these microenvironments in a “closed system,” purinergic signaling becomes chronic and plays a significant epigenetic and detrimental role in the progression of ADPKD in particular, once the remodeling of the renal tissue has …
Modulation Of Cell Signaling By Tomoregulins In Embryogenesis And Cancer, Paul William Harms
Modulation Of Cell Signaling By Tomoregulins In Embryogenesis And Cancer, Paul William Harms
All ETDs from UAB
Growth factor signals often regulate similar cellular processes both during embryogenesis and in adult homeostasis. Stringent control of these signals ensures proper embryonic development and correct cell physiology in mature individuals. Recently, a family of two members of Tomoregulin (or transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor-like and two follistatin domains [TMEFF]) was found to interact with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and ErbB signaling pathways, both of which are implicated in development and in cancer biology in the adult. The function as well as the mechanisms of TMEFFs in modulating these two signals has not been elucidated in detail. In this …