Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Using Augmented Reality And Computer-Generated Three-Dimensional Models To Improve Training And Technical Tasks In Aviation, Amadou Anne, Yu Wang, Timothy D. Ropp

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Augmented Reality (AR) technology has considerably improved since its inception, and especially over the last few years, to the point of becoming a relatively reliable and potentially cost-effective tool in many fields. Significant advances have been made by software developers to improve the quality of AR tools and the hardware necessary to access these tools has become common. However, AR is mostly unknown or underused in the aviation industry, either in education and training or in professional environments. This paper aims to demonstrate the potential of AR for training and professional technical applications in aviation, especially when combined with 3D …

Department Of Surgery Update, January 2015, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A three page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains a message from the chair, a list of important dates, committee meetings, scholarly activity and more.

A Multi-Year Study Of The Safety And Training Impacts Of Introducing The Live, Virtual, Constructive Training Strategy Into Navy Air Combat, Sarah Sherwood, Kelly Neville, Angus L.M. Thom Mclean Iii, Jessica Cruit, Katherine Kaste

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

In the Navy’s proposed Live, Virtual, Constructive (LVC) training system, virtual entities that represent pilots in flight simulators and computer-generated constructive entities will be injected into the cockpits of F/A-18 aircraft during live-flight training. The Navy expects LVC to ameliorate many of the economic and environmental impacts of live-flight training and to support future training requirements. However, the potential impact of LVC on training effectiveness and safety is not completely understood. While the naval air combat training system is notably robust, its inherent complexity precludes a straightforward analysis of potential hazards and mitigations. Two years ago, researchers began to identify …

Experimental Investigation Of Flight Crew Strategies In Handling Unexpected Events, Joris Field, Rogier Woltjer, Amy Rankin, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

This paper reports a flight simulation study where airline flight crews were to handle unexpected situations, as part of the “Manual Operations for 4th Generation Airliners” (Man4Gen) EU research project. The analysis of their behaviour combined a cognitive systems engineering perspective with behavioural analysis methods used in aviation industry. Hollnagel’s Contextual Control (COCOM) and Extended Control (ECOM) Models are applied to examine the strategies with which the flight crew responded to the simulated events. The outcome of this analysis is combined with the results of industry expert analysis of the actions that flight crew were expected to perform. ECOM illustrates …

Nigeria’S Aviation At A Glance: The Assessment Of Nigerians’ Perceived Trust Level In Nigeria’S Aviation Industry, Ibrahim G. Miya, Stephen C. Rice

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

The recent occurrences of fatal aviation crashes in Nigeria have significantly affected Nigerians’ trust in the overall performance efficiency of Nigeria’s aviation. In the context of Africa’s aviation, Nigeria in particular, it appeared that very little is being done on trust. This study assessed Nigerians trust level in Nigeria’s aviation industry with respect to “Familiarity-Based Trust Model,” (Zhang, Ghorbani & Cohen, 2007). The study used a 7-point Likert-type survey questionnaires as the primary data collection tools. Ten predictor variables (income, age, gender, political view, aircraft ownership, purpose of flying, class ticket, relationship status, distance flown, and flight frequency) were regressed …

Quality Improvement Models, 2015: Wpafb, Kelly A. Rabah

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Quality Improvement is a formal approach to the analysis of performance and systematic efforts to improve it. There are numerous models used. We will look at some commonly used models in health care.

Management Of Siewert's Type Iii Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma In A 52 Year Old Female, Adam Bourgon, Minia Hellan, Rebecca N. Tuttle

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

A 52 year old female presented with a Siewert's type III gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, laparoscopic-robotic total gastrectomy, and adjuvant chemoradiation.

High Fidelity Simulation And Aviation Training To Improve Problem Solving Skills And Coordination, Evan M. Lester, Paul A. Craig

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

The Flight Operations Center – Unified Simulation (FOCUS) lab was created in 2010 to break down the “barrier” between aerospace concentrations at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) and address several aspects of teamwork in aviation. While participating in the FOCUS lab’s high-fidelity simulations, teams of senior undergraduate aerospace students work together to solve complex and real-world scenarios, which helps improve each student’s coordination, teamwork, problem-solving, and communication skills. Each team’s performance in the FOCUS lab’s simulations is evaluated by the FOCUS lab research team and discussed at the team’s After Action Review (AAR) to determine how the team can improve …

Procedure Used For Establishing Screening Test Cut-Points Based On Aviation Occupational Task Performance, Nelda Milburn, Thomas Chidester, Kevin Gildea, Linda Peterson, Carrie Roberts, Deborah Perry

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Previous research has shown that some individuals with color vision deficiencies (CVD) are capable of performing some aviation occupational tasks as well as those with normal color vision (NCV); implying that passing a screening test with a diagnosis of NCV may not be necessary for all aviation occupations. Our goal was to find outcome consistency between performance on occupational tasks and several screening tests; further, to compare those pass/fail outcomes to the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test for aviation certification. The strategy involved establishing a pass/fail cut-point separately for four occupational tasks at the 5th percentile of the NCV …

A Coalition Study Of Warfighter Acceptance Of Wearable Physiological Sensors, Lauren E. Menke, Christopher Best, Gregory J. Funke, Adam J. Strang

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Combat operations are often high tempo, resulting in undesirable levels of operator workload and stress. Adaptive automation has been suggested as a solution to these issues. However, this augmentation approach is predicated on operator consent to monitoring. Acceptance of such systems may be influenced by concerns regarding the use of monitor data and mistrust of automation technology. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine operator acceptance of physiological monitoring and future augmentation strategies after limited exposure to one device. During a simulated exercise, eleven command and control operators were equipped with a physiological monitor prior to each mission. …

Toward An Integrated Ecological Plan View Display For Air Traffic Controllers, Brem Beernink, Clark Borst, Joost Ellerbroek, Rene Van Paassen, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

To cope with increasing demand on the air traffic management system, this paper proposes a novel user interface which supports air traffic controllers in conflict detection and resolution. The concept is based on previous work on 3D solution space displays for air traffic control, but then aimed at improving the interaction by better integrating speed, heading, and altitude constraints on the Plan View Display. A preliminary, subjective human-in-the-loop evaluation study was performed using five participants with various experience levels in real-life air traffic control. Results from the evaluation indicate that both successful use of the interface as well as the …

The Effects Of Workload And Stress On Teamwork In A High Fidelity Simulation, Andrea M. Georgiou

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

With a unique high fidelity simulation lab, participants completed 3 hour work shifts to a run a simulated regional airline. The experimental design consisted of three teams randomly assigned to either a minimal, moderate, or maximum level of difficulty. Increases in workload and stress were implemented with various triggers and the participants had to quickly develop solutions to mitigate the problems. After the simulation, the participants completed the CATME (Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness) online survey for evaluations of their performance for five variables. (Ohland et al., 2012). Based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results suggest only …

Dominicanas Redefining Hiv In San Pedro De Macorís, Emily Frances Surico

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

This study explored the social support among women impacted by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) living in the Province of San Pedro de Macorís, República Dominicana. Social support is one way that social networks can influence health status. Social networks impact health behaviors and overall health outcomes which include infectious diseases, morbidity rates, and mortality rates. Social networks can promote health and minimize risky behavior: “cohesive, supportive networks may themselves blunt stressful experiences and enable people to resist risky behavior and maintain healthier choices” (Berkman, Kawachi, & Krishna, 2014, p. 248). Qualitative methods were used to explore how social support systems …

Compared Evaluation Of B-Alert’S Encephalographic Workload Metrics Using An Operational Video Game Setup, Sami Lini, Christophe Bey, Lucille Lecoutre, Quentin Lebour

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

When it comes to operational human factors studies, the use of a number of different means (psychophysiological, questionnaires, performance indexes) to complete expert behavioral observations allows specialists to issue practical recommendations despite of the variability of the few operators involved. When it comes to mental workload, literature has identified several different physiological ways to assess it. We used Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and pupillometry for previous works (ISAP’11, ’13) and both have strong limitations: HRV can only be analyzed over 5-minutes time periods and pupil dilation is subject to light variability. During this study, we tested the electroencephalography B-Alert X10 …

Remote-Split Operations And Virtual Presence: Why The Air Force Uses Officer Pilots To Fly Rpas, Lt Col Matt Martin

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Since the advent of Remote-Split Operations (RSO) for MQ-1/9 remotely-pilot aircraft (RPA), where pilots fly aircraft that are thousands of miles away, a popu-lar view is that this distance instills a psychological gap, making it easy to carry out lethal actions. A common further assumption is that RPAs are automated and don't require traditional aviation or leadership skills to operate. But 20 years of combat RPA experience has led practitioners to a different view—that the effec-tive employment of RPAs has been improved by using pilots with previous expe-rience in manned aircraft and undergraduate training where pilot candidates re-ceived a foundation …

Un-Alerted Smoke And Fire: Checklist Content And Intended Crew Response, Barbara K. Burian

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

An in-flight smoke or fire event is an emergency unlike almost any other. The early cues for un-alerted conditions, such as air conditioning smoke or fire, are often ambiguous and elusive. The checklists crews use for these conditions must help them respond quickly and effectively and must guide their decisions. Ten years ago an industry committee developed a template to guide the content of Part 121 checklists for un-alerted smoke and fire events. This template is based upon a new philosophy about how crews should use the checklists and respond to the events. To determine the degree to which current …

Flight Operational Quality Assurance (Foqa) – Do Exceedances Tell The Story?, Brian G. Dillman, Dennis Wilt, Shawn Pruchnicki, Mark Ball, Marshall Pomeroy

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

The concept of Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA) programs have been widely utilized throughout the aviation industry. The premise behind the concept is to establish thresholds for flight situations based upon company operations specifications, regulatory guidance, aircraft limitations, and standard operating procedures and then monitor performance on the aggregate to determine if operations fall within acceptable boundaries. A singular exceedance may not trigger corrective actions, but if overall exceedances for the company exceed a predetermined acceptable threshold then mitigation strategies are employed to bring performance back within acceptable limits. Does this tell the whole story? Would allowing feedback for performance …

Assessing Potential Human Performance Safety Impacts Associated With Integrating Multiple Time-Based Flow Management Concepts, Michael W. Sawyer, Katherine A. Berry, Devin Liskey, Richard Rohde

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Time-Based Flow Management (TBFM) seeks to enhance system efficiency by improving scheduling and interval management tools that expand and enhance the flow of traffic. This paper presents the results of an integrated human performance safety assessment of TBFM concepts planned for implementation between 2016 and 2020. The assessment utilized the Human and Organizational Safety Technique (HOST) to provide a structured method for identifying potential human error modes and estimating their contribution to the risk profile. HOST further defined graphical human-system interaction models for each proposed change and an integrated interaction model across all assessed TBFM changes. The HOST assessment resulted …

Evaluating Startle, Surprise, And Distraction: An Analysis Of Aircraft Incident And Accident Reports, Andrew B. Talone, Javier Rivera, Camilo Jimenez, Florian Jentsch

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Over the years, startle, surprise, and distraction have been frequently cited as potentially having negative effects on aircraft flightcrew performance. This paper aims to build upon and extend our prior research (Rivera, Talone, Boesser, Jentsch, & Yeh, 2014) in which we found evidence that (a) startle may be less problematic to flight deck performance than surprise, and (b) negative flight deck performance following startle is most likely due to concurrent distraction or surprise. The current research examined the theoretical foundations underlying these concepts and analyzed two accident/incident databases to identify potential trends and assess the prevalence of startle, surprise, and …

An Operational Analysis Of Human Factors In An Unmanned Air System, Saskia D. Revell, Victoria J. Cutler

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Previous research has highlighted Human Factors (HF) issues associated with operating Unmanned Air Systems (UAS). This research has examined the human-machine interface, error types found in UAS mishaps, and examined specific factors such as workload or situation awareness. Fewer studies have examined the HF issues experienced during live military UAS operations in a conflict zone. Accordingly, a HF analysis was undertaken of a UK UAS unit operating in Afghanistan. The analysis was conducted using the Operational Events Analysis (OEA) approach, which is a structured, qualitative method of identifying flight safety HF issues. The OEA included UAS operators and maintenance personnel. …

Avionics Touch Screen In Turbulence: Simulation For Design, Sylvain Hourlier, Xavier Servantie

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

As touch screens are everywhere in the consumer market Thales has launched in depth evaluations on their introduction in the cockpit. One of the challenges is to verify its compatibility with in flight use under turbulence conditions, including light, moderate and severe. In flight accelerometer collections were performed to provide us with a baseline for choosing between possible simulation solutions. Thales recognized early on the need for such a tool as it would enable us to define recommendations for our HMI designs. The objectives were first to validate specific complex touch/gestures using all the potential of touch interactions for novel …

The Role Of Personnel Selection In Remotely Piloted Aircraft Human System Integration, Thomas R. Carretta, Raymond E. King

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Effective human-system integration (HSI) incorporates several domains: manpower, personnel, and training, human factors, environment, safety, occupational health, habitability, survivability, logistics, intelligence, mobility, and command and control. These domains are interdependent and must be considered in terms of their interrelationships. Human factors engineers typically focus on system design with little attention to the skills, abilities, and other characteristics needed by the human operator. Personnel selection is seldom considered during the HSI process. Complex systems require careful selection of the individuals who will interact with the system. Selection is a two-stage process: Select-in procedures determine who has the aptitude to profit from …

Alcohol, Tobacco And Illicit Drug Screening In Pregnancy, Lisa R. Jasin

Doctor of Nursing Practice Program Projects

Intrauterine substance exposure is a nationally growing problem. A steady increase in neonates with neonatal abstinence syndrome in the state of Ohio was noted. Prenatal substance use presents a significant burden to society. Of infants exposed to intrauterine opiates, 55-94 percent develop signs of withdrawal. For example, the estimated lifetime cost for a neonate with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is $2 million. The purpose of this evidence based practice improvement project was to evaluate the utility of the 5Ps screening tool and brief intervention by community health workers during the first prenatal home visit. The Evidence-Based Practice Improvement (EBPI) model …

Impact Of The Global Strategy For Infant And Young Child Feeding On Nutrition And Child Survival Indicators As Illustrated By The World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative Tool, Charles Ituka Mosimah

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Non-optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are associated with malnutrition, infant mortality and under-five mortality, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the risk of under-five mortality is 15 times higher than developed countries.

Objective: To determine implementation effects of the Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding before and after WBTi tool assessment using infant/child health data collected between 2000 and 2013 in Cameroon.

Methods: A descriptive analysis of Cameroon’s policies, programmes and practices was conducted using the WBTi tool. Child survival and nutrition indicators before (2003-2008) and after (2009-2013) WBTi assessment were analyzed using data from …

Association Of Maternal Demographics With Breastfeeding Of Low Birth Weight Infants In Ohio In 2012, Raymond I. Okeke Jr.

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Breastfeeding (BF) is an important feeding practice for newborns, especially the low birth weight (LBW) infant population and during emergencies. Association of maternal demographics with BF in LBW infants in Ohio, especially during emergencies is not fully characterized. This study aims to fill that data gap.

Methods: The data for this study were the 2012 Ohio Vital Statistics Birth Data compiled by the Ohio Department of Health and obtained from Public Health – Dayton & Montgomery County. It included all 11,805 LBW, 8.5% of the total births in Ohio in 2012. IBM SPSS version 22 was used for the …

The Implications Of Hiv Treatment On The Hiv-Malaria Coinfection Dynamics: A Modeling Perspective, F. Nyabadza, B. T. Bekele, Megan A. Rúa, D. M. Malonza, N. Chiduku, M. Kgosimore

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Most hosts harbor multiple pathogens at the same time in disease epidemiology. Multiple pathogens have the potential for interaction resulting in negative impacts on host fitness or alterations in pathogen transmission dynamics. In this paper we develop a mathematical model describing the dynamics of HIV-malaria coinfection. Additionally, we extended our model to examine the role treatment (of malaria and HIV) plays in altering populations’ dynamics. Our model consists of 13 interlinked equations which allow us to explore multiple aspects of HIV-malaria transmission and treatment. We perform qualitative analysis of the model that includes positivity and boundedness of solutions. Furthermore, we …

Vital Signs, Winter 2015, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Vital Signs

A sixty page newsletter created by the Boonshoft School of Medicine to document the current affairs of the school. This issue includes a variety of feature articles, a research spotlight, alumni notes, and more.

The Effect Of Asynchronous Data On Pilot-Controller Communication In A Dynamic Environment With Subject-Matter Experts, Samuel Lien, Jonathan Histon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Integrating Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) into controlled airspace may introduce communication challenges if there are time delays associated with the distribution of a common surveillance source of those UAS. Termed “information asynchrony” by Yuan et al (2012), an earlier, static image study showed large time delays had an observable impact on controller-pilot communication, but the effect was not present for time delays of less than 1 minute. A follow-up study is being conducted using an online ATC-flight simulator with professional pilots and controllers as participants. Effects on communication are being analyzed objectively through measurable characteristics of communication breakdown, and subjectively …

‘We Need Priority Please’ Mitigated Speech In The Crash Of Avianca Flight 052, Simon Cookson

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

On 25 January 1990, Avianca Flight 052 was flying from Columbia to the United States when it crashed after a missed approach to JFK Airport in New York. The direct cause of the accident was fuel exhaustion but the NTSB investigation identified multiple causal factors. The Avianca captain, who was flying the aircraft, repeatedly instructed the first officer to notify ATC about the fuel emergency. The first officer, however, did not use the word ‘emergency’ but instead requested ‘priority’ and told ATC that the airplane was ‘running out of fuel’. Why did the first officer mitigate the captain’s instructions? This …

Understanding Automation Surprise: Analysis Of Asrs Reports, Julia Trippe, Robert Mauro

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015

Pilots are frequently surprised by aircraft automation. These include cases in which the automation: 1) produces alerts to anomalies, 2) commands unexpected control manipulations (that may result in flight path deviations), or 3) simply disconnects. Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) reports in which pilots indicated that automation produced unexpected actions were analyzed. Three general conclusions were drawn. First, many factors precipitate automation surprises. These include problems in: the auto-flight system and associated displays and interfaces, other aircraft sensors and systems, and interactions with weather and ATC. Second, inappropriate pilot actions are involved in a large proportion of these events. Third, …