Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Correlates Of Lifetime And Past Month Vape Use In A Sample Of Canadian University Students, Jamie A. Seabrook, Jasna Twynstra, Jason A. Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

Introduction: This study examines correlates of lifetime (ie, ever vaped) and past month vape use among students aged 17 to 19 years, 20 to 25 years, and 26+ years from Western University in London, Ontario. The secondary objective is to assess lifetime and past month vape use among students not of legal age to purchase vaping products in Ontario (ie, those 17 to 18 years only). Methods: Using Qualtrics, a cross-sectional survey was sent via email to all students at Western University (N = 38 442), assessing their current and past risk-taking behaviors, mental health, sociodemographic characteristics, as well as …

The Quantity And Composition Of Household Food Waste During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Direct Measurement Study In Canada, Haley Everitt, Paul Van Der Werf, Jamie A. Seabrook, Alexander Wray, Jason A. Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic may have amplified the environmental, social, and economic implications of household food waste. A better understanding of household food wasting during the pandemic is needed to improve the management of waste and develop best practices for municipal waste management programs under crisis circumstances. A waste composition study was undertaken with 100 single-family households across the city of London, Ontario, Canada to determine the quantity and composition of household food waste disposed in June 2020, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines how household demographic, socioeconomic, and neighbourhood food environment characteristics influence household food …

Examining How Changes In Provincial Policy On Vape Marketing Impacted The Distribution Of Vaping Advertisements Near Secondary Schools In London, Ontario, Gina Martin, Drew D. Bowman, Megan Graat, Andrew F. Clark, Alexander J. Wray, Zoe Askwith, Jamie A. Seabrook, Jason A. Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

Objectives: On January 1, 2020, the Government of Ontario passed a regulation banning vaping advertisements by retailers, apart from specialty shops. A motivation for this ban was to limit youth exposure to vaping advertisements. The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the impact of this ban on the number and density of vaping advertisements surrounding secondary schools. Additionally, we examined whether the number of vaping advertisements varied by school socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: This study used a pre-post design. Audits were conducted December 2019 (pre-ban) and again January to February 2020 (post-ban), to identify vaping advertisements within 800 m …

Sensitivity Of Arterial Spin Labeling For Characterization Of Longitudinal Perfusion Changes In Frontotemporal Dementia And Related Disorders, Tracy Ssali, Udunna C. Anazodo, Lucas Narciso, Linshan Liu, Sarah Jesso, Lauryn Richardson, Matthias Günther, Simon Konstandin, Klaus Eickel, Frank Prato, Elizabeth Finger, Keith St. Lawrence

Paediatrics Publications

Background: Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and related disorders, along with the development of novel candidate disease modifying treatments, have stimulated the need for tools to assess the efficacy of new therapies. While perfusion imaging by arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an attractive approach for longitudinal imaging biomarkers of neurodegeneration, sources of variability between sessions including arterial transit times (ATT) and fluctuations in resting perfusion can reduce its sensitivity. Establishing the magnitude of perfusion changes that can be reliably detected is necessary to delineate longitudinal perfusion changes related to disease processes from the effects …

The Risk Of Physical Multimorbidity In People With Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Myanca Rodrigues, Joshua C. Wiener, Saverio Stranges, Bridget L. Ryan, Kelly K. Anderson

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Background: The occurrence of multiple co-occurring chronic health conditions, known as multimorbidity, is associated with decreases in quality of life for patients and poses unique challenges for healthcare systems. Since people with psychotic disorders have an excess of physical health conditions compared to the general population, they may also be at a higher risk for multimorbidity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the prevalence and excess risk of multimorbidity among people with psychotic disorders, relative to those without psychosis.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases, and conducted forward and backward citation tracing of included …

Physician Remuneration Schemes, Psychiatric Hospitalizations And Follow-Up Care: Evidence From Blended Fee-For-Service And Capitation Models., Thyna Vu, Kelly K Anderson, Rose Anne Devlin, Nibene H Somé, Sisira Sarma

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Psychiatric hospitalizations could be reduced if mental illnesses were detected and treated earlier in the primary care setting, leading to the World Health Organization recommendation that mental health services be integrated into primary care. The mental health services provided in primary care settings may vary based on how physicians are incentivized. Little is known about the link between physician remuneration and psychiatric hospitalizations. We contribute to this literature by studying the relationship between physician remuneration and psychiatric hospitalizations in Canada's most populous province, Ontario. Specifically, we study family physicians (FPs) who switched from blended fee-for-service (FFS) to blended capitation remuneration …

Mobilizing Occupation For Social Transformation: Radical Resistance, Disruption, And Re-Configuration, Debbie Rudman

Occupational Therapy Publications

Background. Given the sociopolitical roots of widening occupational, social and health inequities, it is imperative that occupational therapy move forward in mobilizing occupation for social transformation. Purpose. Three key aims are addressed: articulating the imperative to mobilize occupation for social transformation; highlighting the political nature of occupation and occupational therapy; and providing guideposts for embracing a radical sensibility to inform moving forward in mobilizing occupation for social transformation. Key issues. Conditions of possibility within occupational therapy leave the profession ill equipped to enact social transformation. Enacting calls to mobilize occupation for social transformation requires radically reconfiguring these conditions of …

Barriers And Facilitators To Implementation Of Oral Rehydration Therapy In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review., Obidimma Ezezika, Apira Ragunathan, Yasmine El-Bakri, Kathryn Barrett

Health Studies Publications

BACKGROUND: Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is an effective and cheap treatment for diarrheal disease; globally, one of the leading causes of death in children under five. The World Health Organization launched a global campaign to improve ORT coverage in 1978, with activities such as educational campaigns, training health workers and the creation of designate programming. Despite these efforts, ORT coverage remains relatively low. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of oral rehydration therapy in low and middle-income countries.

METHODS: A comprehensive search strategy comprised of relevant subject headings and keywords …

Scaling Social Franchises: Lessons Learned From Farm Shop, Kevin Mckague, Farouk Jiwa, Karim Harji, Obidimma Ezezika

Health Studies Publications

Background

The challenge of enhancing food security and livelihoods for smallholder farmers has been a significant concern in the agricultural development field. To increase farm productivity and enable smallholder farmers to rise out of poverty, several organizations have initiated social franchising business models to create sustainable social enterprises. Social franchising has recently gathered increased interest in lower-income countries for its potential to address social and ecological issues, support local entrepreneurs, and reach financial sustainability to allow for scaling through market forces. Social franchising combines the principles of business franchising (standardized systems and other supports that reduce risk for the entrepreneur) …

Implementation Of The Meningitis Vaccine Project In Africa: Lessons For Vaccine Implementation Programs., Obidimma Ezezika, Meron Mengistu, Thomas Lear

Health Studies Publications

Background The Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP) was an international partnership that began in 2010 and focused on the development, testing, licensure, and widespread introduction of a conjugate vaccine with the promise of protecting millions of lives from group A meningococcal meningitis. To bridge gaps upstream of vaccine administration and in understanding the project’s planning, delivery and outcomes, the primary objective of this study was to delineate the barriers to and facilitators of sustainable implementation in an upstream context of the delivery of the MenAfriVac vaccine and to draw critical lessons for other vaccination programs. Methods We conducted a qualitative study …

Micro-Ct Of The Human Ossicular Chain: Statistical Shape Modeling And Implications For Otologic Surgery, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

The ossicular chain is a middle ear structure consisting of the small incus, malleus and stapes bones, which transmit tympanic membrane vibrations caused by sound to the inner ear. Despite being shown to be highly variable in shape, there are very few morphological studies of the ossicles. The objective of this study was to use a large sample of cadaveric ossicles to create a set of three-dimensional models and study their statistical variance. Thirty-three cadaveric temporal bone samples were scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and segmented. Statistical shape models (SSMs) were then made for each ossicle to demonstrate the divergence …

The Prevalence Of Physical Multimorbidity Among People With Non-Affective Psychotic Disorders 10 Years After First Diagnosis: A Matched Retrospective Cohort Study, Myanca Rodrigues, Saverio Stranges, Bridget L. Ryan, Kelly K. Anderson

Family Medicine Publications

Aims: The higher prevalence of chronic physical health conditions among people with psychotic disorders may result in a reduced life expectancy as compared to the general population. More research is needed on the risk of multiple co-occurring chronic health conditions, known as multimorbidity, for people with psychotic disorders.

Methods: We conducted a matched retrospective cohort study to quantify the prevalence of multimorbidity and associated factors among people with psychotic disorders over the 10-year period following first diagnosis, relative to those without psychosis. Data from an early psychosis intervention program in London, Canada were linked to population-based health administrative data to …

Guidance For Dental Treatment Of Patients With Disabilities During Covid-19 Pandemic, Eun Jung Kwak, Jieun Kim, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Kee Yeon Kum

Dentistry Publications

People with disabilities are challenged managing their oral hygiene and more often burdened with oral diseases. They often require immediate dental treatment for severe pain and greater precautions are needed to cope with COVID-19. The potential for COVID-19 infection can be relatively high in patients with disabilities due to concomitant systemic diseases, unique individual circumstances, relationship with caregivers and the living conditions of long-term care facilities, which make them vulnerable to the virus. For behavior management, dental treatment is often provided under general anesthesia with meticulous preoperative evaluation and the use of high-quality viral filters. In response to COVID-19, additional …

Kinetic Analysis Of Dominant Intraprostatic Lesion Of Prostate Cancer Using Quantitative Dynamic [18F]Dcfpyl-Pet: Comparison To [18F]Fluorocholine-Pet, Dae Myoung Yang, Fiona Li, Glenn Bauman, Joseph Chin, Stephen Pautler, Madeleine Moussa, Irina Rachinsky, John Valliant, Ting Yim Lee

Medical Biophysics Publications

Purpose: Identification of the dominant intraprostatic lesion(s) (DILs) can facilitate diagnosis and treatment by targeting biologically significant intra-prostatic foci. A PSMA ligand, [ F]DCFPyL (2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[ F]fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid), is better than choline-based [ F]FCH (fluorocholine) in detecting and localizing DIL because of higher tumour contrast, particularly when imaging is delayed to 1 h post-injection. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the different imaging performance of [ F]FCH and [ F]DCFPyL can be explained by their kinetic behaviour in prostate cancer (PCa) and to evaluate whether DIL can be accurately detected and localized using a short duration dynamic positron …

Utilization Of Salvage And Systemic Therapies For Recurrent Prostate Cancer As A Result Of 18F-Dcfpyl Pet/Ct Restaging, Wei Liu, Katherine Zukotynski, Louise Emmett, Hans T. Chung, Peter Chung, Robert Wolfson, Irina Rachinsky, Anil Kapoor, Ur Metser, Andrew Loblaw, Gerard Morton, Tracy Sexton, Michael Lock, Joelle Helou, Alejandro Berlin, Colm Boylan, Susan Archer, Gregory R. Pond, Glenn Bauman

Medical Biophysics Publications

Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate the effect of the addition of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with recurrent prostate cancer post-primary radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: A prospective, multi-institutional clinical trial evaluated 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[18F]fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid ( F-DCFPyL) PET/CT restaging in 79 men with recurrent prostate cancer post-primary radiation therapy. We report actual patient management and compare this with proposed management both before and after PSMA-targeted PET/CT. Results: Most patients (59%) had a major change in actual management compared with pre-PET/CT proposed management. The rate of major change was underestimated by immediately post-PET/CT surveys (32%). …

Disease-Related Cortical Thinning In Presymptomatic Granulin Mutation Carriers, Sergi Borrego-Écija, Roser Sala-Llonch, John Van Swieten, Barbara Borroni, Fermín Moreno, Mario Masellis, Carmela Tartaglia, Caroline Graff, Daniela Galimberti, Robert Laforce, James B. Rowe, Elizabeth Finger, Rik Vandenberghe, Fabrizio Tagliavini, Alexandre De Mendonça, Isabel Santana, Matthis Synofzik, Simon Ducharme, Johannes Levin, Adrian Danek, Alex Gerhard, Markus Otto, Chris Butler, Giovanni Frisoni, Sandro Sorbi, Carolin Heller, Martina Bocchetta, David M. Cash, Rhian S. Convery, Katrina M. Moore, Jonathan D. Rohrer, Raquel Sanchez-Valle

Medical Biophysics Publications

Mutations in the granulin gene (GRN) cause familial frontotemporal dementia. Understanding the structural brain changes in presymptomatic GRN carriers would enforce the use of neuroimaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring. We studied 100 presymptomatic GRN mutation carriers and 94 noncarriers from the Genetic Frontotemporal dementia initiative (GENFI), with MRI structural images. We analyzed 3T MRI structural images using the FreeSurfer pipeline to calculate the whole brain cortical thickness (CTh) for each subject. We also perform a vertex-wise general linear model to assess differences between groups in the relationship between CTh and diverse covariables as gender, age, the estimated years …

Appraisal Of Clinical Practice Guideline: 2018 Update Of The Eular Recommendations For The Management Of Hand Osteoarthritis, Armaghan Dabbagh, Joy C. Macdermid

Bone and Joint Institute

No abstract provided.

Quadriceps Tendon Autograft Is Becoming Increasingly Popular In Revision Acl Reconstruction, Philipp W. Winkler, Thiago Vivacqua, Stephan Thomassen, Lisa Lovse, Bryson P. Lesniak, Alan M.J. Getgood, Volker Musahl

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2021, The Author(s). Purpose: To evaluate trends in revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R), with emphasis on intra-articular findings, grafts, and concurrent procedures. It was hypothesized that revision ACL-Rs over time show a trend toward increased complexity with increased use of autografts over allografts. Methods: This was a two-center retrospective study including patients undergoing revision ACL-R between 2010 and 2020. Demographic and surgical data including intra-articular findings and concurrent procedures were collected and compared for the time periods 2010–2014 and 2015–2020. All collected variables were compared between three pre-defined age groups (< 20 years, 20–30 years, > 30 years), right and left knees, and …

New Frontiers In Translational Research: Touchscreens, Open Science, And The Mouse Translational Research Accelerator Platform, Jacqueline A. Sullivan, Julie R. Dumont, Sara Memar, Miguel Skirzewski, Jinxia Wan, Maryam H. Mofrad, Hassam Zafar Ansari, Yulong Li, Lyle Muller, Vania F. Prado, Marco A.M. Prado, Lisa M. Saksida, Timothy J. Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2020 International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd Many neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases and other brain disorders are accompanied by impairments in high-level cognitive functions including memory, attention, motivation, and decision-making. Despite several decades of extensive research, neuroscience is little closer to discovering new treatments. Key impediments include the absence of validated and robust cognitive assessment tools for facilitating translation from animal models to humans. In this review, we describe a state-of-the-art platform poised to overcome these impediments and improve the success of translational research, the Mouse Translational Research Accelerator Platform (MouseTRAP), which is …

Effects Of Mp2rage B1+ Sensitivity On Inter-Site T1 Reproducibility And Hippocampal Morphometry At 7t, Roy A.M. Haast, Jonathan C. Lau, Dimo Ivanov, Ravi S. Menon, Kâmil Uludağ, Ali R. Khan

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Most neuroanatomical studies are based on T -weighted MR images, whose intensity profiles are not solely determined by the tissue's longitudinal relaxation times (T ), but also affected by varying non-T contributions, hampering data reproducibility. In contrast, quantitative imaging using the MP2RAGE sequence, for example, allows direct characterization of the brain based on the tissue property of interest. Combined with 7 Tesla (7T) MRI, this offers unique opportunities to obtain robust high-resolution brain data characterized by a high reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity. However, specific MP2RAGE parameter choices – e.g., to emphasize intracortical myelin-dependent contrast variations – can substantially impact image …

Normative Analysis Of Individual Brain Differences Based On A Population Mri-Based Atlas Of Cynomolgus Macaques, Qiming Lv, Mingchao Yan, Xiangyu Shen, Jing Wu, Wenwen Yu, Shengyao Yan, Feng Yang, Kristina Zeljic, Yuequan Shi, Zuofu Zhou, Longbao Lv, Xintian Hu, Ravi Menon, Zheng Wang

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The developmental trajectory of the primate brain varies substantially with aging across subjects. However, this ubiquitous variability between individuals in brain structure is difficult to quantify and has thus essentially been ignored. Based on a large-scale structural magnetic resonance imaging dataset acquired from 162 cynomolgus macaques, we create a species-specific 3D template atlas of the macaque brain, and deploy normative modeling to characterize individual variations of cortical thickness (CT) and regional gray matter volume (GMV). We observed an overall decrease in total GMV and mean CT, and an increase in white matter volume from juvenile to early adult. Specifically, CT …

Symbols Are Special: An Fmri Adaptation Study Of Symbolic, Nonsymbolic, And Non-Numerical Magnitude Processing In The Human Brain, H Moriah Sokolowski, Zachary Hawes, Lien Peters, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

How are different formats of magnitudes represented in the human brain? We used functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation to isolate representations of symbols, quantities, and physical size in 45 adults. Results indicate that the neural correlates supporting the passive processing of number symbols are largely dissociable from those supporting quantities and physical size, anatomically and representationally. Anatomically, passive processing of quantities and size correlate with activation in the right intraparietal sulcus, whereas symbolic number processing, compared with quantity processing, correlates with activation in the left inferior parietal lobule. Representationally, neural patterns of activation supporting symbols are dissimilar from neural activation …

Spinal Cord Compression Is Associated With Brain Plasticity In Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy., Alicia E Cronin, Sarah A Detombe, Camille A Duggal, Neil Duggal, Robert Bartha

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The impact of spinal cord compression severity on brain plasticity and prognostic determinates is not yet fully understood. We investigated the association between the severity of spinal cord compression in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy, a progressive disease of the spine, and functional plasticity in the motor cortex and subcortical areas using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A 3.0 T MRI scanner was used to acquire functional images of the brain in 23 degenerative cervical myelopathy patients. Patients were instructed to perform a structured finger-tapping task to activate the motor cortex to assess the extent of cortical activation. T

High-Contrast, Moving Targets In An Emerging Target Paradigm Promote Fast Visuomotor Responses During Visually Guided Reaching, Rebecca A. Kozak, Brian D. Corneil

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Humans have a remarkable capacity to rapidly interact with the surrounding environment, often by transforming visual input into motor output on a moment-to-moment basis. But what visual features promote rapid reaching? High-contrast, fast-moving targets elicit strong responses in the superior colliculus (SC), a structure associated with express saccades and implicated in rapid electromyographic (EMG) responses on upper limb muscles. To test the influence of stimulus properties on rapid reaches, we had human subjects perform visually guided reaches to moving targets varied by speed (experiment 1) or speed and contrast (experiment 2) in an emerging target paradigm that has recently been …

Intelligibility Benefit For Familiar Voices Does Not Depend On Better Discrimination Of Fundamental Frequency Or Vocal Tract Length, Emma Holmes, Ingrid Johnsrude

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Speech is more intelligible when it is spoken by familiar than unfamiliar people. Two cues to voice identity are glottal pulse rate (GPR) and vocal tract length (VTL): perhaps these features are more accurately represented for familiar voices in a listener’s brain. If so, listeners should be able to discriminate smaller manipulations to perceptual correlates of these vocal parameters for familiar than unfamiliar voices. We recruited pairs of friends who had known each other for 0.5–22.5 years. We measured thresholds for discriminating pitch (correlate of GPR) and formant spacing (correlate of VTL; ‘VTL-timbre’) for voices that were familiar (friends) and …

Progressive Changes In Glutamate Concentration In Early Stages Of Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal 7-Tesla Mrs Study, Peter Jeon, Roberto Limongi, Sabrina D. Ford, Michael Mackinley, Kara Dempster, Jean Théberge, Lena Palaniyappan

Department of Medicine Publications

Progressive reduction in glutamatergic transmission has been proposed as an important component of the illness trajectory of schizophrenia. Despite its popularity, to date, this notion has not been convincingly tested in patients in early stages of schizophrenia. In a longitudinal 7T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), we quantified glutamate at the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in 21 participants with a median lifetime antipsychotic exposure of less than 3 days and followed them up after 6 months of treatment. Ten healthy controls were also scanned at 2 time points. While patients had significantly lower overall glutamate levels than healthy controls (F(1,27) = …

Gestational Exposure To Δ9-Thc Impacts Ovarian Follicular Dynamics And Angiogenesis In Adulthood In Wistar Rats, Daniel Hardy, Alison Holloway

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Prenatal Cannabinoid Exposure: Emerging Evidence Of Physiological And Neuropsychiatric Abnormalities, Daniel Hardy, Steven Laviolette

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

In Utero Exposure To ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Leads To Postnatal Catch-Up Growth And Dysmetabolism In The Adult Rat Liver, Daniel Hardy, Shelby Oke, Kendrick Lee, Rosemary Papp, Steven Laviolette

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Exercise In Pregnancy Increases Placental Angiogenin Without Changes In Oxidative Or Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Daniel Hardy, Xin Mu, Katelyn Marchiori, Michelle Mottola

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.