Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Total Knee Replacement After High Tibial Osteotomy: Time-To-Event Analysis And Predictors, Codie A. Primeau, Trevor B. Birmingham, Kristyn M. Leitch, Kevin R. Willits, Robert B. Litchfield, Peter J. Fowler, Jacquelyn D. Marsh, Bert M. Chesworth, Stephanie N. Dixon, Dianne M. Bryant, J. Robert Giffin

Bone and Joint Institute

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© 2021 Joule Inc. or its licensors. BACKGROUND: An important aim of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is to prevent or delay the need for total knee replacement (TKR). We sought to estimate the frequency and timing of conversion from HTO to TKR and the factors associated with it. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee who underwent medial opening wedge HTO from 2002 to 2014 and analyzed the cumulative incidence of TKR in July 2019. The presence or absence of TKR on the HTO limb was identified from the orthopedic surgery reports and knee radiographs contained …

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Combined Medial Patellofemoral Ligament And Medial Patellotibial Ligament Reconstruction For Recurrent Lateral Patellar Dislocation In Flexion, Taher Abdelrahman, Gilbert Moatshe, Elizabeth Arendt, Julian Feller, Alan Getgood

Bone and Joint Institute

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© 2020 Arthroscopy Association of North America Recurrent lateral patellar dislocation can be a challenging entity to manage. It results from an imbalance between the restraints to lateralization of the patella and the forces applied to the patella within the biomechanical environment of the knee. The medial patellofemoral ligament has been recognized as the most important static soft-tissue restraint. However, the medial patellotibial ligament and medial patellomeniscal ligament are important for patellar stability at higher degrees of knee flexion. Lateral patellar dislocation in flexion poses a particularly challenging clinical entity with a combination of unique characteristics that need to be …

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Schrödinger Filtering: A Precise Eeg Despiking Technique For Eeg-Fmri Gradient Artifact, Gabriel B. Benigno, Ravi S. Menon, Hacene Serrai

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

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In EEG data acquired in the presence of fMRI, gradient-related spike artifacts contaminate the signal following the common preprocessing step of average artifact subtraction. Spike artifacts compromise EEG data quality since they overlap with the EEG signal in frequency, thereby confounding frequency-based inferences on activity. As well, spike artifacts can inflate or deflate correlations among time series, thereby confounding inferences on functional connectivity. We present Schrödinger filtering, which uses the Schrödinger equation to decompose the spike-containing input. The basis functions of the decomposition are localized and pulse-shaped, and selectively capture the various input peaks, with the spike components clustered at …

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Cracking The Code Of Place Value: The Relationship Between Place And Value Takes Years To Master, Pierina Cheung, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

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Place value, which underlies the meanings of multidigits, encompasses the principle of position and base-10 rules. To understand 65, one needs to know that the digits 6 and 5 occupy different positions and thus represent ordered values of different magnitudes (i.e., the principle of position) and that the value of each position is determined by base-10 rules (i.e., the rightmost position is 100, followed by 101, 102, etc.). Without the principle of position, children cannot construct meanings for multidigits. Previous studies have shown that children do not know the exact value of digit positions until the early elementary school years, …

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Development Of A Mortality Prediction Tool In Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Douglas Fraser

Data and Test Instruments

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No abstract provided.

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L-Theanine Prevents Long-Term Affective And Cognitive Side Effects Of Adolescent Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure And Blocks Associated Molecular And Neuronal Abnormalities In The Mesocorticolimbic Circuitry, Marta De Felice, Justine Renard, Roger Hudson, Hanna J. Szkudlarek, Brian J. Pereira, Susanne Schmid, Walter J. Rushlow, Steven R. Laviolette

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

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Chronic adolescent exposure to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is linked to elevated neuropsychiatric risk and induces neuronal, molecular and behavioral abnormalities resembling neuropsychiatric endophenotypes. Previous evidence has revealed that the mesocorticolimbic circuitry, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway are particularly susceptible to THC-induced pathologic alterations, including dysregulation of DAergic activity states, loss of PFC GABAergic inhibitory control and affective and cognitive abnormalities. There are currently limited pharmacological intervention strategies capable of preventing THC-induced neuropathological adaptations. L-Theanine is an amino acid analog of L-glutamate and L-glutamine derived from various plant sources, including green tea leaves. L-Theanine has previously been …

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Barriers, Facilitators, Preferences And Expectations Of Joint Protection Programmes For Patients With Hand Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Pavlos Bobos, Joy Macdermid, Christina Ziebart, Eleni Boutsikari, Emily Lalone, Louis Ferreira, Ruby Grewal

Bone and Joint Institute

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Objectives The objective of this survey was to investigate the barriers, facilitators, expectations and patient preferences regarding joint protection (JP) programmes in people with hand arthritis. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Tertiary clinic. Participants Patients with hand arthritis: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and other forms of arthritis. Primary and secondary outcome measures This study used a survey among people with hand arthritis. Descriptive statistics and percentages were reported for all the data about the barriers, facilitators and preferences around JP. Results A total of 192 patients consented to participate. Most of the patients (82%) …

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Dare We Hope, Vivian Mcalister

Data and Test Instruments

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In an era when cries of “Lock her up” can rile a crowd to frenzy, it is the duty of a responsible editor to ensure that declamatory comment is backed up by academic rigour. It is clear thatCMAJrecently failed this test.1It has compounded the error by encouraging the media to fan the flames such that the associated front page article ofThe Starclaims that the journal is calling for an end to celebrating Sir William Osler.2Neither the authors nor the editor acknowledged the debt thatCMAJhas to Osler, who not only encouraged its foundation but also frequently contributed articles when he was …

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Emergency Department Use Following Incentives To Provide After-Hours Primary Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study., Michael Hong, Amardeep Thind, Gregory S Zaric, Sisira Sarma

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

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BACKGROUND: Access to primary care outside of regular working hours is limited in many countries. This study investigates the relation between the after-hours premium, an incentive for primary care physicians to provide services after hours, and less-urgent visits to the emergency department in Ontario, Canada.

METHODS: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of a random sample of Ontario residents from April 2002 to March 2006, and a subcohort of patients followed from April 2005 to March 2016. We linked patient and primary care physician data with emergency department visit data. We used fixed-effects regression models to analyze the association between the …

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Priority Setting During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Going Beyond Vaccines, Iestyn Williams, Elysee Nouvet

Health Studies Publications

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• Development of vaccines is a major breakthrough in the fight against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

• Much attention has been paid to how to prioritise between patient groups for vaccination and how to ensure equity, especially in low-income countries, but there are other important decisions that need to be made.

• These decisions include: (a) choosing between the various vaccines that will become available, (b) continuing to invest in other aspects of the COVID-19 response and (c) balancing the COVID-19 response with the need to invest in other healthcare that has suffered during the pandemic.

• Although these decisions are inherently difficult, principles of …

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The Multiplicity Of Caregiving Burden: A Qualitative Analysis Of Families With Prolonged Disorders Of Consciousness., Laura E Gonzalez-Lara, Sarah Munce, Jennifer Christian, Adrian M Owen, Charles Weijer, Fiona Webster

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

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Objective: To understand the multiple and sometimes conflicting roles substitute decision makers (SDMs) of individuals in a vegetative state (VS), minimally conscious state (MCS), or with locked-in syndrome (LIS) perform while caring for a loved one and the competing priorities derived from these roles.Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews using a constructive-grounded theory design. Twelve SDMs, who were also family members for 11 patients, were interviewed at two time points (except one) for a total of 21 in-depth interviews.Results: Participants described that caregiving is often the central role which they identify as their top priority …

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Brain Activity During Real-Time Walking And With Walking Interventions After Stroke: A Systematic Review, Shannon B. Lim, Dennis R. Louie, Sue Peters, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Lara A. Boyd, Janice J. Eng

Physical Therapy Publications

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AbstractInvestigations of real-time brain activations during walking have become increasingly important to aid in recovery of walking after a stroke. Individual brain activation patterns can be a valuable biomarker of neuroplasticity during the rehabilitation process and can result in improved personalized medicine for rehabilitation. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore the brain activation characteristics during walking post-stroke by determining: (1) if different components of gait (i.e., initiation/acceleration, steady-state, complex) result in different brain activations, (2) whether brain activations differ from healthy individuals. Six databases were searched resulting in 22 studies. Initiation/acceleration showed bilateral activation in frontal areas; …

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Sharing Voxelwise Neuroimaging Results From Rhesus Monkeys And Other Species With Neurovault, Andrew S. Fox, Daniel Holley, Peter Christiaan Klink, Spencer A. Arbuckle, Carol A. Barnes, Jörn Diedrichsen, Sze Chai Kwok, Colin Kyle, J. Andrew Pruszynski, Jakob Seidlitz, Xu Feng Zhou, Russell A. Poldrack, Krzysztof J. Gorgolewski

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

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© 2020 The Authors Animal neuroimaging studies can provide unique insights into brain structure and function, and can be leveraged to bridge the gap between animal and human neuroscience. In part, this power comes from the ability to combine mechanistic interventions with brain-wide neuroimaging. Due to their phylogenetic proximity to humans, nonhuman primate neuroimaging holds particular promise. Because nonhuman primate neuroimaging studies are often underpowered, there is a great need to share data amongst translational researchers. Data sharing efforts have been limited, however, by the lack of standardized tools and repositories through which nonhuman neuroimaging data can easily be archived …

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Experimental And Computational Observations Of Immunogenic Cobalt Porphyrin Lipid Bilayers: Nanodomain-Enhanced Antigen Association., Jasmin Federizon, Conrard Giresse Tetsassi Feugmo, Wei-Chiao Huang, Xuedan He, Kazutoyo Miura, Aida Razi, Joaquin Ortega, Mikko Karttunen, Jonathan F Lovell

Chemistry Publications

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Cobalt porphyrin phospholipid (CoPoP) can incorporate within bilayers to enable non-covalent surface-display of antigens on liposomes by mixing with proteins bearing a polyhistidine tag (his-tag); however, the mechanisms for how this occurs are poorly understood. These were investigated using the his-tagged model antigen Pfs25, a protein antigen candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccines. Pfs25 was found to associate with the small molecule aquocobalamin, a form of vitamin B12 and a cobalt-containing corrin macrocycle, but without particle formation, enabling comparative assessment. Relative to CoPoP liposomes, binding and serum stability studies indicated a weaker association of Pfs25 to aquocobalamin or cobalt nitrilotriacetic acid …

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Kindness As An Intervention For Student Social Interaction Anxiety, Resilience, Affect, And Mood: The Kiss Of Kindness Study Ii, Katie Shillington, Andrew Johnson, Tara Mantler, Shauna Burke, Jennifer Irwin

Health Studies Publications

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No abstract provided.

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Acute Pediatric Stroke, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan, Cecil Hahn

Data and Test Instruments

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No abstract provided.

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Clinical Neurophysiology And Social Media: Time To Take The Plunge!, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan, Aatif M. Husain

Data and Test Instruments

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No abstract provided.

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A Survey Of Neuromonitoring Practices In North American Pediatric Intensive Care Units, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan

Data and Test Instruments

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No abstract provided.

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Quantitative Eeg-Based Seizure Estimation In Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan, Ayham Alkhachroum, Johannes P. Koren, Julie Kromm, Nina Massad, Renz A. Reyes, Michael Miller, David Roh, Sachin Agarwal, Soojin Park, Jan Claassen

Data and Test Instruments

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No abstract provided.

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Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Temporally Associated With Bnt162b2 Vaccination In An Adolescent Successfully Treated With Caplacizumab, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan

Data and Test Instruments

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No abstract provided.

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Investing Into Domestic Manufacturing Of Critical Medication And Vaccines For The Federal Government, Sharon Low

All Reports

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While the federal government has made numerous public announcements regarding their stimulus plan and promises to increase the domestic capacity to produce personal protective equipment, vaccines, and medical equipment, a critical aspect that has been neglected is the serious and ongoing shortages of critical medication. The government has promised to provide 4.28 billion to expand testing and contact tracing capacities, 7.5 billion towards PPE, and 500 million to the provinces and territories for “critical health care system needs and support for mitigation effects.” While these efforts as part of Trudeau’s Safe Restart Agreement are a good place to begin reducing …

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Impact Of Covid-19 On The Italian And American Healthcare Systems : A Comparative Assessment, Bita Pejam, Jennifer Lam

All Reports

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This report aims to examine and assess the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the healthcare systems of the United States of America and Italy; two of the most heavily affected nations. Using data from December 2019 to January 2021, several consultations, and policy reviews, we identify risks and notable areas of issue in each nations’ approach to combating the virus. We focus our report particularly on the health policies and the governmental structures in place that contributed to each nations’ initial method of alleviating the impact of COVID-19. Our report compares the two healthcare systems and proposes a …

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A Systematic Review Of Brainstem Contributions To Autism Spectrum Disorder, Ala Seif, Carly Shea, Susanne Schmid, Ryan A Stevenson

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects one in 66 children in Canada. The contributions of changes in the cortex and cerebellum to autism have been studied for decades. However, our understanding of brainstem contributions has only started to emerge more recently. Disruptions of sensory processing, startle response, sensory filtering, sensorimotor gating, multisensory integration and sleep are all features of ASD and are processes in which the brainstem is involved. In addition, preliminary research into brainstem contribution emphasizes the importance of the developmental timeline rather than just the mature brainstem. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review …

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Gabab Receptor Agonist R-Baclofen Reverses Altered Auditory Reactivity And Filtering In The Cntnap2 Knock-Out Rat, Dorit Möhrle, Wenxuan Wang, Shawn N Whitehead, Susanne Schmid

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

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Altered sensory information processing, and auditory processing, in particular, is a common impairment in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One prominent hypothesis for the etiology of ASD is an imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. The selective GABA_B receptor agonist R-Baclofen has been shown previously to improve social deficits and repetitive behaviors in several mouse models for neurodevelopmental disorders including ASD, and its formulation Arbaclofen has been shown to ameliorate social avoidance symptoms in some individuals with ASD. The present study investigated whether R-Baclofen can remediate ASD-related altered sensory processing reliant on excitation/inhibition imbalance in the auditory brainstem. …

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Moyamoya Syndrome In An Infant With Aicardi-Goutières And Williams Syndromes: A Case Report, Jagraj S. Brar, Rahul Verma, Mohammed Al-Omari, Victoria M. Siu, Andrea V. Andrade, Michael T. Jurkiewicz, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan

Paediatrics Publications

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Stroke in infancy is a rare phenomenon but can lead to significant long-term disability. We present the story of a 6-month-old Old Order Amish infant with underlying Williams syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion, encompassing the elastin gene that produces abnormalities in elastic fibers of the lungs and vessels. This infant presented with lethargy, irritability, and a new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with ischemic stroke in the supratentorial regions. MR angiogram demonstrated bilateral narrowing of the internal carotid arteries with ivy sign, suggestive of Moyamoya. Moyamoya disease/syndrome is a cerebrovascular condition …

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Pannexin 1 Binds Β-Catenin To Modulate Melanoma Cell Growth And Metabolism, Samar Sayedyahossein, Kenneth Huang, Zhigang Li, Christopher Zhang, Alexandra M. Kozlov, Danielle Johnston, Daniel Nouri-Nejad, Lina Dagnino, Dean H. Betts, David B. Sacks, Silvia Penuela

Paediatrics Publications

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Melanoma is the most aggressive skin malignancy with increasing incidence worldwide. Pannexin1 (PANX1), a member of the pannexin family of channel-forming glycoproteins, regulates cellular processes in melanoma cells including proliferation, migration, and invasion/metastasis. However, the mechanisms responsible for coordinating and regulating PANX1 function remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated a direct interaction between the C-terminal region of PANX1 and the N-terminal portion of β-catenin, a key transcription factor in the Wnt pathway. At the protein level, β-catenin was significantly decreased when PANX1 was either knocked down or inhibited by two PANX1 blockers, Probenecid and Spironolactone. Immunofluorescence imaging showed a disrupted pattern …

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Investigation Of Digital Technology Use In The Transition To Parenting: Qualitative Study, Lorie Donelle, Jodi Hall, Bradley Hiebert, Kimberley Jackson, Ewelina Stoyanovich, Jessica Lachance, Danica Facca

Nursing Publications

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Background: The transition to parenting—that is, the journey from preconception through pregnancy and postpartum periods—is one of the most emotionally charged and information-intense times for individuals and families. While there is a developing body of literature on the use and impact of digital technology on the information behaviors of children, adolescents, and young adults, personal use of digital technology during the transition to parenting and in support of infants to 2 years of age is relatively understudied. Objective: The purpose of this study was to enhance our understanding of the ways digital technologies contribute to the experience of the transition …

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Effects Of Maternal Obesity And Gestational Diabetes Mellitus On The Placenta: Current Knowledge And Targets For Therapeutic Interventions, Samantha Bedell, Janine Hutson, Barbra De Vrijer, Genevieve Eastabrook

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

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Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are becoming more common among pregnant women worldwide and are individually associated with a number of placenta-mediated obstetric complications, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. The placenta serves several functions throughout pregnancy and is the main exchange site for the transfer of nutrients and gas from mother to fetus. In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity or GDM, the placenta is exposed to environmental changes, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and altered hormone levels. These changes can affect placental development and function and lead to abnormal fetal growth and development …

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Biofeedback As An Intervention For Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms: A Randomized Feasibility Trial, Marquise M. Bonn, Liliana Alvarez, Laura J. Graham, James W. Thompson, James P. Dickey

Physical Therapy Publications

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Background

Case reports indicate that low-resolution electromagnetic tomography neurofeedback and heart rate variability biofeedback may improve physiological functioning in individuals with persistent post-concussive symptoms. However, it is unclear whether larger-scale studies are feasible.

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of a combined low-resolution electromagnetic tomography neurofeedback and heart rate variability biofeedback intervention for individuals with persistent post-concussive symptoms.

Methods

Individuals with persistent post-concussive symptoms were randomized into intervention and control groups, and their baseline and post-test assessments were compared to a healthy control group. Outcomes included self-report questionnaires, resting electroencephalograph and electrocardiograph recordings, and a driving simulation task. Participants in the …

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Examining How Children's Gender Influences Parents’ Perceptions Of The Local Environment And Their Influence On Children's Independent Mobility, Alina Medeiros, Andrew F. Clark, Gina Martin, Jamie A. Seabrook, Jason Gilliland

Paediatrics Publications

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Physical inactivity among children is a public health concern. Children's ability to travel independently is associated with increased physical activity and social connectedness. Consequently, it is concerning that children's independent mobility has decreased in recent years. Studies have highlighted that rates of independent mobility vary by gender; this study analyzed how correlates of independent mobility vary between boys (n = 476) and girls (n = 618) attending 32 elementary schools in Southwestern Ontario. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling methods were used. All analyzes were stratified by gender. For boys, age was negatively associated with travel with peers. Having one or more …

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