Trauma- And Violence-Informed Care: Orienting Intimate Partner Violence Interventions To Equity., C Nadine Wathen, Tara Mantler

Nursing Publications

Purpose of Review: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex traumatic experience that often co-occurs, or is causally linked, with other forms of structural violence and oppression. However, few IPV interventions integrate this social-ecological perspective. We examine trauma- and violence-informed care (TVIC) in the context of existing IPV interventions as an explicitly equity-oriented approach to IPV prevention and response.

Recent Findings: Systematic reviews of IPV interventions along the public health prevention spectrum show mixed findings, with those with a theoretically grounded, structural approach that integrates a trauma lens more likely to show benefit.

Summary: TVIC, embedded in survivor-centered protocols with …

Highlighting The Mechanistic Relationship Between Perinatal Depression And Preeclampsia: A Scoping Review, Mei Yuan, Samantha Bedell, Barbra De Vrijer, Genevieve Eastabrook, Jefferson C. Frisbee, Stephanie J. Frisbee

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

Background: Although there is scientific literature supporting an association between depression and preeclampsia (PE), little is known about the underlying mechanistic pathways that may explain these observed associations. Thus, this study aimed to outline the relationship between depression and PE, and to highlight the underlying cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that are common to both. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted in Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: From 706 articles initially identified, 23 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Although some studies reported a positive association between PE and postpartum …

Cancer Incidence And Stage At Diagnosis Among People With Psychotic Disorders: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Jared C Wootten, Joshua C Wiener, Phillip S Blanchette, Kelly K. Anderson

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Research regarding the incidence of cancer among people with psychotic disorders relative to the general population is equivocal, although the evidence suggests that they have more advanced stage cancer at diagnosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the incidence and stage at diagnosis of cancer among people with, relative to those without, psychotic disorders. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases. Articles were included if they reported the incidence and/or stage at diagnosis of cancer in people with psychotic disorders. Random effects meta-analyses were used to determine risk of cancer and odds of advanced stage …

Examining Bourdieu’S Concepts Of Capital, Habitus, And Field In Women’S Health Research In Nigeria: A Feminist Perspective, Mary Ndu

Health Studies Publications

Global health’s persistent focus on women’s health-seeking behaviour necessitates a philosophical understanding of the meaning behind women’s health decision-making. In studying health-seeking behaviour, researchers use philosophical paradigms to explicate and understand complex social concepts that continue to maintain health inequities and injustices. A commonly used theory is Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice. This paper examines the scholastic application of Bourdieu’s theory of practice to theorize women’s health-seeking behaviour in qualitative research to understand the rationale behind using health services. The theory of practice consists of four concepts: practice, habitus, field, and capital. Each concept conceptualizes the theory to find a logical …

Long Term Outcomes After Norse: Treatment With Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Poul H. Espino, Jorge G. Burneo, Gaby Moscol, Teneille Gofton, Keith Macdougall, Ana Suller-Marti

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is associated with high mortality, therapy resistant epilepsy (TRE) and poor cognitive and functional outcomes. Some patients develop multifocal TRE, for whom surgery with a curative intention, is not an option. In these patients, Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is performed as a palliative treatment. We report the long-term outcomes regarding seizure frequency, functional and cognitive outcome, and effectiveness of VNS in two patients with TRE as a consequence of NORSE. In the first patient with cryptogenic NORSE, VNS implantation occurred during the acute stage, probably contributing to the cessation of her status epilepticus. However, in …

A Narrative Review Of The Disenfranchisement Of Single Mothers In Highland Ecuador, Lisbeth Alexandra Pino Gavidia, Joy C. Macdermid, Laura K. Brunton, Samantha Doralp

Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Publications

Background:

The Andean South American country of Ecuador presents social challenges that contribute to inequities. The social determinants of health have impacts on the physical, psychological and social health of individuals across all societies. Ecuador is an example of how the interactions of gender roles and social determinants of health impact the health of single mothers and their children.

Methods:

A retrospective historical literature review was conducted on gender role expectations within the rural context Ecuador to inform future public health strategies and health interventions.

Results:

Gender inequality contributes to higher rates of single parenting, child labour, and migration. Food …

No Statistical Learning Advantage In Children Over Adults: Evidence From Behaviour And Neural Entrainment., Christine N Moreau, Marc F. Joanisse, Jerrica Mulgrew, Laura J. Batterink

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Explicit recognition measures of statistical learning (SL) suggest that children and adults have similar linguistic SL abilities. However, explicit tasks recruit additional cognitive processes that are not directly relevant for SL and may thus underestimate children's true SL capacities. In contrast, implicit tasks and neural measures of SL should be less influenced by explicit, higher-level cognitive abilities and thus may be better suited to capturing developmental differences in SL. Here, we assessed SL to six minutes of an artificial language in English-speaking children (n = 56, 24 females, M = 9.98 years) and adults (n = 44; 31 females, M …

The Effects On Gait Of 4-Wheeled Walker Use In People With Alzheimer's Disease Dementia And Gait Impairment: A Pilot Study, Humberto Omaña, Edward Madou, Susan W. Hunter

Physical Therapy Publications

In people with dementia, provision of mobility aids is standard treatment for those with impaired gait. However, mobility aid use is independently associated with increased falls risk. In this short communication, gait velocity and stride time variability were recorded in eleven adults with Alzheimer's disease dementia. Three conditions were tested: single-task (no aid), walking with a walker, and dual-task (walker use and counting backwards) under both a straight path and Figure-of-8 walking configuration. Gait velocity increased when using a walker compared to no aid in the Figure-of-8 walking configuration. Walker use improved gait in simple walking, but benefits diminished upon …

Planning System For The Optimization Of Electric Field Delivery Using Implanted Electrodes For Brain Tumor Control, Erin Iredale, Brynn Voigt, Adam Rankin, Kyungho W Kim, Jeff Z Chen, Susanne Schmid, Matthew O Hebb, Terry M Peters, Eugene Wong

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

BACKGROUND: The use of non-ionizing electric fields from low-intensity voltage sources (< 10 V) to control malignant tumor growth is showing increasing potential as a cancer treatment modality. A method of applying these low-intensity electric fields using multiple implanted electrodes within or adjacent to tumor volumes has been termed as intratumoral modulation therapy (IMT).

PURPOSE: This study explores advancements in the previously established IMT optimization algorithm, and the development of a custom treatment planning system for patient-specific IMT. The practicality of the treatment planning system is demonstrated by implementing the full optimization pipeline on a brain phantom with robotic electrode implantation, postoperative imaging, and treatment stimulation.

METHODS: The integrated planning pipeline in 3D Slicer begins with importing and segmenting patient magnetic resonance images (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) images. The segmentation process is manual, followed by a semi-automatic smoothing step that allows …

Cancer Incidence And Stage At Diagnosis Among People With Recent-Onset Psychotic Disorders: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Health Administrative Data From Ontario, Canada., Jared C Wootten, Lucie Richard, Phillip S Blanchette, Joshua C. Wiener, Kelly K. Anderson

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

OBJECTIVE: Prior evidence on the relative risk of cancer among people with psychotic disorders is equivocal. The objective of this study was to compare incidence and stage at diagnosis of cancer for people with psychotic disorders relative to the general population.

METHOD: We constructed a retrospective cohort of people with a first diagnosis of non-affective psychotic disorder and a comparison group from the general population using linked health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. The cohort was followed for incident diagnoses of cancer over a 25-year period. We used Poisson and logistic regression models to compare cancer incidence and stage at …

Interdisciplinary Health Care Evaluation Instruments: A Review Of Psychometric Evidence., Hosung Joel Kang, Cecilia Flores-Sandoval, Benson Law, Shannon Sibbald

Health Studies Publications

Teamwork among health care professionals has been found to improve patient outcomes and reduce burnout. Surveys from individual team members are often used to measure the effectiveness of teamwork performance, as they provide an efficient way to capture various constructs of teamwork. This allows evaluators to better understand team functioning, areas of strength, and to identify potential areas for improvement. However, the majority of published surveys are yet to be validated. We conducted a review of psychometric evidence to identify instruments frequently used in practice and identified in the literature. The databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. After …

Sex-Dependent Effect Of In-Utero Exposure To 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol On Glucagon And Stathmin-2 In Adult Rat Offspring, Daniel Hardy, Edith Arany

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of Insecticide-Treated Malaria Bed Nets In Tanzania: A Systematic Review., Obidimma Ezezika, Yasmine El-Bakri, Abitha Nadarajah, Kathryn Barrett

Health Studies Publications

Background

Malaria is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden among the Tanzanian population. An effective form of personal protection against malaria is the insecticide-treated bed net (ITN). Although Tanzania has made great efforts to implement ITNs in the general population, gaps in use, access, coverage, and ownership remain. We conducted a systematic review of the available data on the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of ITNs in Tanzania.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases: OVID Medline, OVID Embase, EBSCO CINAHL, and Web of Science. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses …

The 'Miracle Cure': How Do Primary Care Physicians Prescribe Physical Activity With The Aim Of Improving Clinical Outcomes Of Chronic Disease? A Scoping Review., Jane Thornton, Taniya Nagpal, Kristen Reilly, Moira Stewart, Robert Petrella

Family Medicine Publications

OBJECTIVES: To identify how primary care physicians (PCPs) prescribe physical activity for patients with chronic disease, and to determine characteristics of physical activity interventions with improved clinical outcomes of chronic disease.

DESIGN: A scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews 2018 was completed.

DATA SOURCES: Four bibliographic databases (Medline, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL) and four grey literature/unpublished databases (Proquest, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Canadian Health Research Collections, Clinical Trials) were searched from inception to 7 March 2022.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Studies involving PCP-delivered physical activity prescriptions or …

Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Increases Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) Secretion Through A Cyclooxygenase-Dependent Mechanism In Rat Granulosa Cells, Daniel Hardy, Alison Holloway, James Petrik

Data and Test Instruments

While the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis, have been studied extensively in the central nervous system, there is limited knowledge about its effects on the female reproductive system. The aim of this study was to assess the effect ofTHCon the expression and secretion of theangiogenic factorvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ovary, and to determine if these effects were mediated byprostaglandins. Spontaneously immortalized rat granulosa cells (SIGCs) were exposed to THC for 24h. Gene expression, proliferation and TNFα-induced apoptosis were evaluated in the cells and concentrations of VEGF and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a known regulator …

Sex And Gender Differences In Symptoms Of Early Psychosis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Brooke Carter, Jared Wootten, Suzanne Archie, Amanda L Terry, Kelly K. Anderson

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

First-episode psychosis (FEP) can be quite variable in clinical presentation, and both sex and gender may account for some of this variability. Prior literature on sex or gender differences in symptoms of psychosis have been inconclusive, and a comprehensive summary of evidence on the early course of illness is lacking. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to summarize prior evidence on the sex and gender differences in the symptoms of early psychosis. We conducted an electronic database search (MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) from 1990 to present to identify quantitative …

Parents’ Perceptions Of Their Children’S Physical Activity During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emma Ostermeier, Patricia Tucker, Danielle Tobin, Andrew Clark, Jason Gilliland

Geography & Environment Publications

Background

COVID-19 has drastically changed the everyday lives of children, including limiting interactions with peers, loss of regularly organized activities, and closure of schools and recreational facilities. While COVID-19 protocols are in place to reduce viral transmission, they have affected children’s access to physical activity opportunities. The purpose of this study was to understand how COVID-19 has affected children’s engagement in physical activity and to identify strategies that can support children’s return to physical activity programming in public places.

Methods

Parents of past participants in the Grade 5 ACT-i-Pass Program in London, Ontario, Canada were invited to participate in a …

2022 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guideline For Use Of Glp-1 Receptor Agonists And Sglt2 Inhibitors For Cardiorenal Risk Reduction In Adults, G.B. John Mancini, Eileen O'Meara, Shelley Zieroth, Mathieu Bernier, Alice Y.Y. Cheng, David Z.I. Cherney, Kim A. Connelly, Justin Ezekowitz, Ronald M. Goldenberg, Lawrence A. Leiter, Gihad Nesrallah, Breay W. Paty, Marie-Eve Piche, Peter Senior, Abhinav Sharma, Subodh Verma, Vincent Woo, Pol Darras, Jonathan Y. Gabor, Jean Gregoire, Eva Lonn, James A. Stone, Jean-Francois Yale, Colin Yeung, Deborah Zimmerman

Department of Medicine Publications

This guideline synthesizes clinical trial data supporting the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) for treatment of heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease, and for optimizing prevention of cardiorenal morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is on the basis of a companion systematic review and meta-analysis guided by a focused set of population, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICO) questions that address priority cardiorenal end points. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system and a modified Delphi process were used. We encourage comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular (CV) patients …

Family Physician Leadership During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Roles, Functions And Key Supports., Maria Mathews, Dana Ryan, Lindsay Hedden, Julia Lukewich, Emily Gard Marshall, Judith Belle Brown, Paul S Gill, Madeleine Mckay, Eric Wong, Stephen J Wetmore, Richard Buote, Leslie Meredith, Lauren Moritz, Sarah Spencer, Maria Alexiadis, Thomas R Freeman, Aimee Letto, Bridget L Ryan, Shannon L Sibbald, Amanda Lee Terry

Health Studies Publications

PURPOSE: Strong leadership in primary care is necessary to coordinate an effective pandemic response; however, descriptions of leadership roles for family physicians are absent from previous pandemic plans. This study aims to describe the leadership roles and functions family physicians played during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and identify supports and barriers to formalizing these roles in future pandemic plans.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This study conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with family physicians across four regions in Canada as part of a multiple case study. During the interviews, participants were asked about their roles during each pandemic stage and the facilitators and barriers …

Prenatal Exposure To Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabidinol (Thc) Alters The Expression Of Mir-122-5p And Its Target Igf1r In The Adult Rat Ovary, Daniel Hardy, Kendrick Lee, James Petrol, Alison Holloway

Data and Test Instruments

As cannabis use during pregnancy increases, it is important to understand its effectson the developing fetus. Particularly, the long-term effects of its psychoactive component, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on the offspring’s reproductive health are not fully understood.This study examined the impact of gestational THC exposure on the miRNA profile in adult ratovaries and the possible consequences on ovarian health. Prenatal THC exposure resulted in thedifferential expression of 12 out of 420 evaluated miRNAs. From the differentially expressed miRNAs,miR-122-5p, which is highly conserved among species, was the only upregulated target and hadthe greatest fold change. The upregulation of miR-122-5p and the downregulation of …

Intake Of Fruits, Vegetables, And Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among A Sample Of Children In Rural Northern Ontario, Canada, Brenton L.G. Button, Louise W. Mceachern, Gina Martin, Jason A. Gilliland

Geography & Environment Publications

There is evidence to suggest that dietary intake of children differs by rural/urban place of residence: rural children may have a higher intake of foods high in fat and sugar than those living in urban environments. The aim of this study was to examine the intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) and the frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, among a sample of rural children in Northern Ontario, Canada, in two different seasons. Sociodemographic factors and children’s FV and SSB intake were measured using two repeated cross-sectional surveys, and seasonal information was based on the month of data collection. Logistic …

The Prevalence And Impact Of Adolescent Hospitalization To Adult Psychiatric Units., Samantha Mcrae, Jordan Edwards, Kathy N Speechley, Javeed Sukhera, Guangyong Zou, Kelly K. Anderson

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

BACKGROUND: With increasing psychiatric hospitalizations among adolescents and constrained hospital resources, there are times when youth are hospitalized in adult inpatient psychiatry units. Evidence on the prevalence of this practice and associated impacts is lacking.

AIMS: We sought to explore the prevalence, determinants, and outcomes related to the hospitalization of adolescents aged 12-17 years on adult inpatient psychiatry units in Ontario.

METHODS: Using health administrative data, we constructed a cohort of adolescents with an inpatient psychiatric admission in Ontario (2007-2011). We classified adolescents as having an admission to an adult psychiatry unit or to other inpatient units. Multivariable regression models …

Cohort-Specific Serological Recognition Of Sars-Cov-2 Variant Rbd Antigens, Douglas Fraser

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Circulating Tumor Cells Detected In Follow‑Up Predict Survival Outcomes In Tri‑Modality Management Of Advanced Non‑Metastatic Esophageal Cancer: A Secondary Analysis Of The Quintett Randomized Trial, Edward Yu, Alison Allan, Michael Sanatani, Debra Lewis, Andrew Warner, A. Dar, Brian Yaremko, Lorie Lowes, David Palma, Jacques Raphael, Mark Vincent, G. Rodrigues, Dalilah Fortin, Richard Inculet, Eric Frechette, Joel Bierer, Jeff Law, Jawaid Younus, Richard Malthaner

Data and Test Instruments

Background: Our aim was to establish if presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) predicted worse outcome inpatients with non-metastatic esophageal cancer undergoing tri-modality therapy.Methods: We prospectively collected CTC data from patients with operable non-metastatic esophageal cancer fromApril 2009 to November 2016 enrolled in our QUINTETT esophageal cancer randomized trial (NCT00907543). Patientswere randomized to receive either neoadjuvant cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus radiotherapy followed bysurgical resection (Neoadjuvant) or adjuvant cisplatin, 5-FU, and epirubicin chemotherapy with concurrent extendedvolume radiotherapy following surgical resection (Adjuvant). CTCs were identified with the CellSearch® system beforethe initiation of any treatment (surgery or chemoradiotherapy) as well as at …

Junk Food Accessibility After 10 Years Of A Restrictive Food Environment Zoning Policy Around Schools, Lindsey Soon, Jason Gilliland, Leia M. Minaker

Geography & Environment Publications

Zoning has been proposed as a way of reducing unhealthy food access for youth, but little research has evaluated outcomes of proposed or existing junk food bans, and even less research has considered equity implications of such zoning policies. In this simulation study, set in the Region of Waterloo, Ontario (Canada), we examined how secondary student access to fast food restaurants and convenience stores would change under such a policy over 10 years in a mid-sized Canadian municipality. Outcomes are presented by school-level advantage (derived from the proportion of students in equity-deserving subgroups: low income, students who speak English …

Clinical Feasibility, Utility, And Usability Of The Profile Of Preschool Communication: A Pilot Test In Community Settings, Barbara Jane Cunningham, Carly Cermak, Julianna Head, Janis Oram Cardy

PRECISe Preschool Speech and Language Publications

This study aimed to pilot test, assess usability and utility of, and identify barriers to implementation for the Profile of Preschool Communication (PPC) - a new data collection tool designed to support outcome monitoring in preschool speech-language programs and practice-based research. Methods. This pilot study was conducted with three sites in the Ontario Preschool Speech and Language (PSL) program. Twenty-three speech-language pathologists used the PPC for all outcome monitoring assessments for 2-3-months and provided feedback about their experience using it in practice. Then, 18 of the 23 speech-language pathologists completed online surveys to rate usability and utility, and report …

Examining Elementary School Children’S Knowledge About Food And Nutrition In Southwestern Ontario, Canada, Paige Colley, Jamie A. Seabrook, Sarah J. Woodruff, Jason Gilliland

Geography & Environment Publications

Purpose: Knowledge is fundamental to helping children make nutritional choices that support lifelong healthy behaviours. This study (i) investigates elementary school children’s knowledge about food and nutrition and (ii) identifies sociodemographic factors influencing children’s reported knowledge. Methods: In 2017–2019, a survey was administered to 2443 students (grades 5–8) at 60 schools across southwestern Ontario, Canada, and a parent survey was used to validate self-reported sociodemographics. Multiple regression was used to analyse children’s knowledge scores and related sociodemographic factors. A total knowledge score was calculated by summing correct responses derived from 46 individual questions in the student …

A Scoping Review Of Technology And Infrastructure Needs In The Delivery Of Virtual Hearing Aid Services, Danielle Difabio, Robin O'Hagan, Danielle Glista

Communication Sciences and Disorders Publications

Purpose: The digital health revolution has brought forward integral technological advancements enabling virtual care as a readily accessible delivery model. Despite this forward momentum, the field of audiology still faces barriers that impede the uptake of virtual services into routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to gather, synthesize, and summarize the literature around virtual hearing aid intervention studies and the related technology and infrastructure requirements.

Method: A scoping review was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Nursing and Allied Health, and Web of Science databases. Objectives, inclusion criteria, and scoping review methods were specified in advance and documented …

An Open Access Resource For Functional Brain Connectivity From Fully Awake Marmosets, David J. Schaeffer, L Martyn Klassen, Yuki Hori, Xiaoguang Tian, Diego Szczupak, Cecil Chern-Chyi Yen, Justine C. Cléry, Kyle M. Gilbert, Joseph S. Gati, Ravi S. Menon, Cirong Liu, Stefan Everling, Afonso C. Silva

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is quickly gaining traction as a premier neuroscientific model. However, considerable progress is still needed in understanding the functional and structural organization of the marmoset brain to rival that documented in longstanding preclinical model species, like mice, rats, and Old World primates. To accelerate such progress, we present the Marmoset Functional Brain Connectivity Resource (marmosetbrainconnectome.org), currently consisting of over 70 h of resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) data acquired at 500 µm isotropic resolution from 31 fully awake marmosets in a common stereotactic space. Three-dimensional functional connectivity (FC) maps for every cortical and subcortical gray matter voxel …

Intervention Goals For Preschoolers With Language Difficulties And Disorders A Scoping Review Using The Icf Framework, Elaine Kwok, Carly A. Cermak, Kathryn Hatherly, Barbara Jane Cunningham

PRECISe Preschool Speech and Language Publications

Purpose: The primary aim of this scoping review was to categorize language therapy goals reported in intervention studies for preschoolers (i.e., children from 0 to 5;0 years old) with language difficulties and disorders within the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. A secondary aim was to determine whether different therapy goals were reported for different language difficulty/disorder subtypes (i.e., comparing language difficulty/disorder associated with a biomedical condition to those without an associated biomedical condition).

Method: The scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) guidelines. Articles were retrieved from speechBITE, with age (under …