Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Tumor Immune Contexture Is A Determinant Of Anti-Cd19 Car T Cell Efficacy In Large B Cell Lymphoma, Nathalie Scholler, Armin Ghobadi, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

The Secreted Protein Cowpox Virus 14 Contributes To Viral Virulence And Immune Evasion By Engaging Fc-Gamma-Receptors, Ravi F. Iyer, David M. Edwards, Philipp Kolb, Hans-Peter Raué, Chris A. Nelson, Megan L. Epperson, Mark K. Slifka, Jeffrey C. Nolz, Hartmut Hengel, Daved H. Fremont, Klaus Früh

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The genome of cowpoxvirus (CPXV) could be considered prototypical for orthopoxviridae (OXPV) since it contains many open reading frames (ORFs) absent or lost in other OPXV, including vaccinia virus (VACV). These additional ORFs are non-essential for growth in vitro but are expected to contribute to the broad host range, virulence and immune evasion characteristics of CPXV. For instance, unlike VACV, CPXV encodes proteins that interfere with T cell stimulation, either directly or by preventing antigen presentation or co-stimulation. When studying the priming of naïve T cells, we discovered that CPXV, but not VACV, encodes a secreted factor that interferes with …

Gapdh Mediates Drug Resistance And Metabolism In Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Parasites, Andrew J. Jezewski, Ann M. Guggisberg, Dana M. Hodge, Naomi Ghebremichael, Gavin Nicholas John, Lisa K. Mclellan, Audrey Ragan Odom John

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Efforts to control the global malaria health crisis are undermined by antimalarial resistance. Identifying mechanisms of resistance will uncover the underlying biology of the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites that allow evasion of our most promising therapeutics and may reveal new drug targets. We utilized fosmidomycin (FSM) as a chemical inhibitor of plastidial isoprenoid biosynthesis through the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. We have thus identified an unusual metabolic regulation scheme in the malaria parasite through the essential glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Two parallel genetic screens converged on independent but functionally analogous resistance alleles in GAPDH. Metabolic profiling of FSM-resistant …

Sleep-Promoting Neurons Remodel Their Response Properties To Calibrate Sleep Drive With Environmental Demands, Stephane Dissel, Markus K. Klose, Bruno Van Swinderen, Lijuan Cao, Melanie Ford, Erica M. Periandri, Joseph D. Jones, Zhaoyi Li, Paul J. Shaw

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Falling asleep at the wrong time can place an individual at risk of immediate physical harm. However, not sleeping degrades cognition and adaptive behavior. To understand how animals match sleep need with environmental demands, we used live-brain imaging to examine the physiological response properties of the dorsal fan-shaped body (dFB) following interventions that modify sleep (sleep deprivation, starvation, time-restricted feeding, memory consolidation) in Drosophila. We report that dFB neurons change their physiological response-properties to dopamine (DA) and allatostatin-A (AstA) in response to different types of waking. That is, dFB neurons are not simply passive components of a hard-wired circuit. Rather, …

Real-Time Analysis And Display Of Quantitative Measures To Track And Improve Clinical Workflow, Reshma Munbodh, Toni M Roth, Kara L Leonard, Robert C Court, Utkarsh Shukla, Sarah Andrea, Marissa Gray, Gregg Leichtman, Eric E Klein

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Radiotherapy treatment planning is a complex process with multiple, dependent steps involving an interdisciplinary patient care team. Effective communication and real-time tracking of resources and care path activities are key for clinical efficiency and patient safety.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed and implemented a secure, interactive web-based dashboard for patient care path, clinical workflow, and resource utilization management. The dashboard enables visualization of resource utilization and tracks progress in a patient's care path from the time of acquisition of the planning CT to the time of treatment in real-time. It integrates with the departmental electronic medical records (EMR) system …

Does Social Intolerance Vary According To Cognitive Styles, Genetic Cognitive Capacity, Or Education?, Aino Saarinen, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Henrik Dobewall, C Robert Cloninger, Ari Ahola-Olli, Terho Lehtimäki, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Olli Raitakari, Suvi Rovio, Niklas Ravaja

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Low education, low cognitive abilities, and certain cognitive styles are suggested to predispose to social intolerance and prejudices. Evidence is, however, restricted by comparatively small samples, neglect of confounding variables and genetic factors, and a narrow focus on a single sort of prejudice. We investigated the relationships of education, polygenic cognitive potential, cognitive performance, and cognitive styles with social intolerance in adulthood over a 15-year follow-up.

METHODS: We used data from the prospective population-based Young Finns Study (n = 960-1679). Social intolerance was evaluated with the Social Intolerance Scale in 1997, 2001, and 2011; cognitive performance with the Cambridge …

Consensus-Based Recommendations On Priority Activities To Address Acute Kidney Injury In Children: A Modified Delphi Consensus Statement, Stuart L Goldstein, Tara M Neumayr, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Importance: Increasing evidence indicates that acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in children and young adults and is associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes. Guidance is required to focus efforts related to expansion of pediatric AKI knowledge.

Objective: To develop expert-driven pediatric specific recommendations on needed AKI research, education, practice, and advocacy.

Evidence Review: At the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative meeting conducted in November 2021 by 47 multiprofessional international experts in general pediatrics, nephrology, and critical care, the panel focused on 6 areas: (1) epidemiology; (2) diagnostics; (3) fluid overload; (4) kidney support therapies; (5) biology, pharmacology, and …

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Vaccination Preparedness Policies In Us Hospitals, Susan E Beekmann, Hilary M Babcock, Mark S Rasnake, Thomas R Talbot, Philip M Polgreen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We surveyed infectious disease specialists about early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination preparedness. Almost all responding institutions rated their facility's preparedness plan as either excellent or adequate. Vaccine hesitancy and concern about adverse reactions were the most commonly anticipated barriers to COVID-19 vaccination. Only 60% believed that COVID-19 vaccination should be mandatory.

Characteristics And Patterns Of Retention In Hypertension Care In Primary Care Settings From The Hypertension Treatment In Nigeria Program, Jiancheng Ye, Mark D Huffman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: More than 1.2 billion adults worldwide have hypertension. High retention in clinical care is essential for long-term management of hypertension, but 1-year retention rates are less than 50% in many resource-limited settings.

Objective: To evaluate short-term retention rates and associated factors among patients with hypertension in primary health care centers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria.

Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cohort study, data were collected by trained study staff from adults aged 18 years or older at 60 public, primary health care centers in Nigeria between January 2020 and July 2021 as part of the Hypertension …

Association Of Blood-Based Brain Injury Biomarker Concentrations With Outcomes After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest, Ericka L Fink, Stuart Friess, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Importance: Families and clinicians have limited validated tools available to assist in estimating long-term outcomes early after pediatric cardiac arrest. Blood-based brain-specific biomarkers may be helpful tools to aid in outcome assessment.

Objective: To analyze the association of blood-based brain injury biomarker concentrations with outcomes 1 year after pediatric cardiac arrest.

Design, Setting, and Participants: The Personalizing Outcomes After Child Cardiac Arrest multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in pediatric intensive care units at 14 academic referral centers in the US between May 16, 2017, and August 19, 2020, with the primary investigators blinded to 1-year outcomes. The study included …

Safety Experience With Continued Exposure To Ofatumumab In Patients With Relapsing Forms Of Multiple Sclerosis For Up To 3.5 Years, Stephen L Hauser, Anne H Cross, Kevin Winthrop, Heinz Wiendl, Jacqueline Nicholas, Sven G Meuth, Paul S Giacomini, Francesco Saccà, Linda Mancione, Ronald Zielman, Morten Bagger, Ayan Das Gupta, Dieter A Häring, Valentine Jehl, Bernd C Kieseier, Ratnakar Pingili, Dee Stoneman, Wendy Su, Roman Willi, Ludwig Kappos

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Ofatumumab is approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Ongoing safety reporting is crucial to understand its long-term benefit-risk profile.

OBJECTIVE: Report the safety and tolerability of ofatumumab in RMS after extended treatment up to 3.5 years.

METHODS: Patients completing ASCLEPIOS I/II (phase 3), APLIOS, or APOLITOS (phase 2) trials could enter ALITHIOS, a phase 3b, open-label, long-term safety study. We analyzed cumulative data of continuous ofatumumab treatment and of patients newly switched from teriflunomide.

RESULTS: The safety population had 1969 patients: 1292 continuously treated with ofatumumab (median time-at-risk 35.5 months, 3253 patient-years) and 677 newly switched …

Efficacy And Safety Of Ofatumumab In Recently Diagnosed, Treatment-Naive Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Results From Asclepios I And Ii, Jutta Gärtner, Stephen L Hauser, Amit Bar-Or, Xavier Montalban, Jeffrey A Cohen, Anne H Cross, Kumaran Deiva, Habib Ganjgahi, Dieter A Häring, Bingbing Li, Ratnakar Pingili, Krishnan Ramanathan, Wendy Su, Roman Willi, Bernd Kieseier, Ludwig Kappos

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In the phase III ASCLEPIOS I and II trials, participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis receiving ofatumumab had significantly better clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes than those receiving teriflunomide.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab versus teriflunomide in recently diagnosed, treatment-naive (RDTN) participants from ASCLEPIOS.

METHODS: Participants were randomized to receive ofatumumab (20 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks) or teriflunomide (14 mg orally once daily) for up to 30 months. Endpoints analysed post hoc in the protocol-defined RDTN population included annualized relapse rate (ARR), confirmed disability worsening (CDW), progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and …

Exposure To World Health Organization's Aware Antibiotics And Isolation Of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Giorgia Sulis, Sena Sayood, Shashi Katukoori, Neha Bollam, Ige George, Lauren H. Yaeger, Miguel A. Chavez, Emmanuel Tetteh, Sindhu Yarrabelli, Celine Pulcini, Stephan Harbarth, Dominik Mertz, Mike Sharland, Lorenzo Moja, Benedikt Huttner, Sumanth Gandra

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic use drives antibiotic resistance.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the literature and estimate associations between prior exposure to antibiotics across World Health Organization's (WHO) AWaRe categories (Access, Watch, Reserve) and isolation of critical and high-priority multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) on the WHO priority pathogen list.

DATA SOURCES: Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov (from inception to 20/08/2020).

STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Case-control, cohort, or experimental studies that assessed the risk of infection/colonization with MDROs.

PARTICIPANTS: Inpatients or outpatients of any age and sex.

INTERVENTIONS: Prior exposure to antibiotics that …

Real-World Evidence Of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel For The Treatment Of Large B Cell Lymphoma In The United States, Caron A Jacobson, Armin Ghobadi, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is a standard-of-care for patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) large B cell lymphoma who have received 2 or more lines of prior therapy. Patients receiving axi-cel in the real world could have broader a demographic, disease, and treatment profile compared with that of the cohort in the pivotal ZUMA-1 trial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of axi-cel therapy in the real-world setting. A total of 1297 patients receiving commercial axi-cel between 2017 and 2020 were selected from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research's data registry, of whom 739 (57%) …

Perspectives Of Participation In Daily Life From Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Analysis, Allison J L'Hotta, Nirmala Shivakumar, Kathleen D Lyons, Audrey Trebelhorn, Annamayil Manohar, Allison A King

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To characterize how survivors of cancer define participation.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional qualitative study.

SETTING: Participants were enrolled from a large academic medical center in the Midwestern United States. Interviews were conducted over Zoom or phone.

PARTICIPANTS: Survivors of cancer (N=40) with brain, breast, colorectal, or lung cancer (n=10 per group). Participants were purposively sampled to maximize variation in the study sample. Participant ages ranged from 26-83 years, with a mean age of 55 years. Seventy percent of participants were receiving active cancer treatment at the time of the interview.

INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participant perspectives gathered from 1-on-1 …

Substance Use And Common Contributors To Morbidity: A Genetics Perspective, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Rachel L Kember, Arpana Agrawal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Excessive substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) are common, serious and relapsing medical conditions. They frequently co-occur with other diseases that are leading contributors to disability worldwide. While heavy substance use may potentiate the course of some of these illnesses, there is accumulating evidence suggesting common genetic architectures. In this narrative review, we focus on four heritable medical conditions - cardiometabolic disease, chronic pain, depression and COVID-19, which are commonly overlapping with, but not necessarily a direct consequence of, SUDs. We find persuasive evidence of underlying genetic liability that predisposes to both SUDs and chronic pain, depression, and COVID-19. …

A Systematic Review Of Recent And Ongoing Clinical Trials In Patients With The Neurofibromatoses, Simge Acar, Edwin Nieblas-Bedolla, Amy E Armstrong, Angela C Hirbe

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: The neurofibromatoses comprise three different genetic conditions causing considerable morbidity and mortality: neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (SWN). This review summarizes recent and ongoing clinical trials involving patients with neurofibromatoses to better understand the current state of clinical trial research centered around these conditions and inform areas of need.

METHODS: A search was conducted using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and clinicaltrials.gov databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to identify clinical trials focused on patients with NF1, NF2, or SWN completed in or after 2010 and in process as of December …

Overall Survival In The Simplify-1 And Simplify-2 Phase 3 Trials Of Momelotinib In Patients With Myelofibrosis, Ruben Mesa, Stephen T Oh, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) approved for myelofibrosis provide spleen and symptom improvements but do not address anemia, a negative prognostic factor. Momelotinib, an inhibitor of ACVR1/ALK2, JAK1 and JAK2, demonstrated activity against anemia, symptoms, and splenomegaly in the phase 3 SIMPLIFY trials. Here, we report mature overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) from both studies, and retrospective analyses of baseline characteristics and efficacy endpoints for OS associations. Survival distributions were similar between JAKi-naïve patients randomized to momelotinib, or ruxolitinib then momelotinib, in SIMPLIFY-1 (OS HR = 1.02 [0.73, 1.43]; LFS HR = 1.08 [0.78, 1.50]). Two-year OS and LFS …

World Guidelines For Falls Prevention And Management For Older Adults: A Global Initiative, Manuel Montero-Odasso, Susan Stark, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Methylation-Mediated Silencing Of Ptprd Induces Pulmonary Hypertension By Promoting Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Via The Pdgfrb/Plcγ1 Axis, Junhua Xu, Yanfeng Zhong, Haoyang Yin, John Linneman, Yixuan Luo, Sijian Xia, Qinyi Xia, Lei Yang, Xingtao Huang, Kang Kang, Jun Wang, Yanqin Niu, Li Li, Deming Gou

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary hypertension is a lethal disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and is mediated by abnormal proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) is the most potent mitogen for PASMCs and is involved in vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension development. Therefore, the objective of our study is to identify novel mechanisms underlying vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension.

METHODS: We explored the effects and mechanisms of PTPRD downregulation in PASMCs and PTPRD knockdown rats in pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia.

RESULTS: We demonstrated that PTPRD is dramatically downregulated in PDGF-BB-treated PASMCs, pulmonary …

Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging Measures Characteristic Of Early Cart-Treated Pediatric Hiv: A Feature Selection Approach, Isaac L Khobo, Marcin Jankiewicz, Martha J Holmes, Francesca Little, Mark F Cotton, Barbara Laughton, Andre J W Van Der Kouwe, Allison Moreau, Emmanuel Nwosu, Ernesta M Meintjes, Frances C Robertson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Children with perinatally acquired HIV (CPHIV) have poor cognitive outcomes despite early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). While CPHIV-related brain alterations can be investigated separately using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (

Creation And Internal Validation Of A Clinical Predictive Model For Fluconazole Resistance In Patients With Candida Bloodstream Infection, Adriana M Rauseo, Margaret A Olsen, Dustin Stwalley, Patrick B Mazi, Lindsey Larson, William G Powderly, Andrej Spec

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Fluconazole is recommended as first-line therapy for candidemia when risk of fluconazole resistance (fluc-R) is low. Lack of methods to estimate resistance risk results in extended use of echinocandins and prolonged hospitalization. This study aimed to develop a clinical predictive model to identify patients at low risk for fluc-R where initial or early step-down fluconazole would be appropriate.

METHODS: Retrospective analysis of hospitalized adult patients with positive blood culture for

RESULTS: We identified 539 adults with candidemia and 72

CONCLUSIONS: This model is a potential tool for identifying patients at low risk for fluc-R candidemia to receive first-line or …

Measuring Transcription Factor Binding And Gene Expression Using Barcoded Self-Reporting Transposon Calling Cards And Transcriptomes, Matthew Lalli, Allen Yen, Urvashi Thopte, Fengping Dong, Arnav Moudgil, Xuhua Chen, Jeffrey Milbrandt, Joseph D Dougherty, Robi D Mitra

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Calling cards technology using self-reporting transposons enables the identification of DNA-protein interactions through RNA sequencing. Although immensely powerful, current implementations of calling cards in bulk experiments on populations of cells are technically cumbersome and require many replicates to identify independent insertions into the same genomic locus. Here, we have drastically reduced the cost and labor requirements of calling card experiments in bulk populations of cells by introducing a DNA barcode into the calling card itself. An additional barcode incorporated during reverse transcription enables simultaneous transcriptome measurement in a facile and affordable protocol. We demonstrate that barcoded self-reporting transposons recover

Empirical Transmit Field Bias Correction Of T1w/T2w Myelin Maps, Matthew F. Glasser, Timothy S. Coalson, Michael P. Harms, Junqian Xu, Graham L. Baum, Joonas A. Autio, Edward J. Auerbach, Douglas N. Greve, Essa Yacoub, David C. Van Essen, Nicholas A. Bock, Takuya Hayashi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

T1-weighted divided by T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) myelin maps were initially developed for neuroanatomical analyses such as identifying cortical areas, but they are increasingly used in statistical comparisons across individuals and groups with other variables of interest. Existing T1w/T2w myelin maps contain radiofrequency transmit field (B1+) biases, which may be correlated with these variables of interest, leading to potentially spurious results. Here we propose two empirical methods for correcting these transmit field biases using either explicit measures of the transmit field or alternatively a 'pseudo-transmit' approach that is highly correlated with the transmit field at 3T. We find that the resulting corrected …

Implications Of Conformational Flexibility, Lipid Binding, And Regulatory Domains In Cell-Traversal Protein Celtos For Apicomplexan Migration, Hirdesh Kumar, John R Jimah, Santosh A Misal, Nichole D Salinas, Michal Fried, Paul H Schlesinger, Niraj H Tolia

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Malaria and other apicomplexan-caused diseases affect millions of humans, agricultural animals, and pets. Cell traversal is a common feature used by multiple apicomplexan parasites to migrate through host cells and can be exploited to develop therapeutics against these deadly parasites. Here, we provide insights into the mechanism of the Cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS), a conserved cell-traversal protein in apicomplexan parasites and malaria vaccine candidate. CelTOS has previously been shown to form pores in cell membranes to enable traversal of parasites through cells. We establish roles for the distinct protein regions of Plasmodium vivax CelTOS and examine the …

Wolf's Isotopic Response Of Lichen Planus Following Contact Dermatitis, Bruin Pollard, William H Mccoy Iv, Craig L Leonardi, Ann G Martin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Updated Diagnostic Criteria And Nomenclature For Neurofibromatosis Type 2 And Schwannomatosis: An International Consensus Recommendation, Scott R Plotkin, David H Gutmann, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and schwannomatosis (SWN) are genetically distinct tumor predisposition syndromes with overlapping phenotypes. We sought to update the diagnostic criteria for NF2 and SWN by incorporating recent advances in genetics, ophthalmology, neuropathology, and neuroimaging.

METHODS: We used a multistep process, beginning with a Delphi method involving global disease experts and subsequently involving non-neurofibromatosis clinical experts, patients, and foundations/patient advocacy groups.

RESULTS: We reached consensus on the minimal clinical and genetic criteria for diagnosing NF2 and SWN. These criteria incorporate mosaic forms of these conditions. In addition, we recommend updated nomenclature for these disorders to emphasize their …

Living With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study, Elspeth J R Hill, Allison J L'Hotta, Carie R Kennedy, Aimee S James, Ida K Fox

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To understand how COVID-19 has affected the daily lives of people living with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI).

DESIGN: Cross sectional qualitative study.

SETTING: Academic medical center in the Midwestern United States.

PARTICIPANTS: Ten community-dwelling individuals (8 men, 2 women), average 11.6 years post-mid-cervical level SCI (N=10).

INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Semistructured interviews were completed by phone. The research team used thematic analysis and inductive strategies to analyze the data in this exploratory investigation.

RESULTS: People with cervical SCI living in the United States during the spring of 2020 experienced changes to their daily lives. Participants described …

An Ips-Derived In Vitro Model Of Human Atrial Conduction, Sherri M Biendarra-Tiegs, Sergey Yechikov, Bhupinder Shergill, Brittany Brumback, Kentaro Takahashi, Venktesh S Shirure, Ruth Estelle Gonzalez, Laura Houshmand, Denise Zhong, Kuo-Chan Weng, Jon Silva, Timothy W Smith, Stacey L Rentschler, Steven C George

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the United States, affecting approximately 1 in 10 adults, and its prevalence is expected to rise as the population ages. Treatment options for AF are limited; moreover, the development of new treatments is hindered by limited (1) knowledge regarding human atrial electrophysiological endpoints (e.g., conduction velocity [CV]) and (2) accurate experimental models. Here, we measured the CV and refractory period, and subsequently calculated the conduction wavelength, in vivo (four subjects with AF and four controls), and ex vivo (atrial slices from human hearts). Then, we created an in vitro model of …

Adolescent And Young Adult Preferences For Financial Incentives To Support Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy In Kenya: A Mixed Methods Study, Ingrid Eshun-Wilson, Eliud Akama, Fridah Adhiambo, Zachary Kwena, Bertha Oketch, Sarah Obatsa, Sarah Iguna, Jayne L Kulzer, James Nyanga, Everlyne Nyandieka, Ally Scheve, Elvin H Geng, Elizabeth A Bukusi, Lisa Abuogi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: To develop a patient-centred financial incentive delivery strategy to improve antiretroviral treatment adherence in adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV in Kisumu, Kenya, we conducted a mixed methods study exploring preferences.

METHODS: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) and focus group discussion (FGD) were conducted simultaneously to identify preferences for five incentive delivery strategy features: value, eligibility, recipient, format and disbursement frequency. We used consecutive sampling to recruit AYA (14-24 years) living with HIV attending three health facilities in Kisumu, Kenya. We calculated mean preferences, willingness to trade, latent class membership and predictors of latent class membership. The …