Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Toward A Computational Theory Of Manifold Untangling: From Global Embedding To Local Flattening, Xin Li, Shuo Wang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

It has been hypothesized that the ventral stream processing for object recognition is based on a mechanism called cortically local subspace untangling. A mathematical abstraction of object recognition by the visual cortex is how to untangle the manifolds associated with different object categories. Such a manifold untangling problem is closely related to the celebrated kernel trick in metric space. In this paper, we conjecture that there is a more general solution to manifold untangling in the topological space without artificially defining any distance metric. Geometrically, we can either

Ehealth Technology In Cardiac Exercise Therapeutics For Pediatric Patients With Congenital And Acquired Heart Conditions: A Summary Of Evidence And Future Directions, David A White, Aimee M Layton, Tracy Curran, Naomi Gauthier, William B Orr, Kendra Ward, Meg Vernon, Matthew N Martinez, Malloree C Rice, Katherine Hansen, Megan Prusi, Jesse E Hansen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Many children and adolescents with congenital and acquired heart disease (CHD) are physically inactive and participate in an insufficient amount of moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise. Although physical activity (PA) and exercise interventions are effective at improving short- and long-term physiological and psychosocial outcomes in youth with CHD, several barriers including resource limitations, financial costs, and knowledge inhibit widespread implementation and dissemination of these beneficial programs. New and developing eHealth, mHealth, and remote monitoring technologies offer a potentially transformative and cost-effective solution to increase access to PA and exercise programs for youth with CHD, yet little has been written on this topic. …

Implementation Strategies For Occupational Therapists To Advance Goal Setting And Goal Management, Eunyoung Kang, Julie Chen, Erin R Foster

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: There is a need for an effective evidence-based system to support high-quality goal setting and goal management implementation. We developed a new system for community-based rehabilitation, MyGoals, along with implementation strategies to support occupational therapists (OTs) in its administration. This study evaluates the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the implementation strategies,

METHODS: This mixed-methods case series study evaluated the MyGoals implementation strategies developed using Implementation Mapping (IM), specifically IM Task 5 - Implementation Outcome Evaluation. Seven OTs and 13 adults with chronic conditions participated in this study. OTs participated in two

RESULTS: Seven OTs participated in this study (mean …

Ube2c Expression Is Elevated In Hepatoblastoma And Correlates With Inferior Patient Survival, Ruth Nousiainen, Katja Eloranta, Noora Isoaho, Stefano Cairo, David B Wilson, Markku Heikinheimo, Marjut Pihlajoki

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor among children. To gain insight into the pathobiology of HB, we performed RNA sequence analysis on 5 patient-derived xenograft lines (HB-243, HB-279, HB-282, HB-284, HB-295) and 1 immortalized cell line (HUH6). Using cultured hepatocytes as a control, we found 2,868 genes that were differentially expressed in all of the HB lines on mRNA level. The most upregulated genes were

The Perspectives Of General Nephrologists Toward Transitions Of Care And Management Of Failing Kidney Transplants, Tarek Alhamad, Haris Murad, Mengmeng Ji, Omar Alomar, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The management of failing kidney allograft and transition of care to general nephrologists (GN) remain a complex process. The Kidney Pancreas Community of Practice (KPCOP) Failing Allograft Workgroup designed and distributed a survey to GN between May and September 2021. Participants were invited via mail and email invitations. There were 103 respondents with primarily adult nephrology practices, of whom 41% had an academic affiliation. More than 60% reported listing for a second kidney as the most important concern in caring for patients with a failing allograft, followed by immunosuppression management (46%) and risk of mortality (38%), while resistant anemia was …

Identification Of Prok2 Gene Polymorphisms As Predictors Of Methamphetamine Use Disorder Risk And Indicators Of Craving Scale In The Chinese Han Population, Zhao Jiang, Tianxiao Zhang, Wei Han, Jing Xiao, Wenpei Zhang, Xiaochen Wang, Jianing Liu, Ying Yang, Congying Yang, Fanglin Guan, Tao Li, John P Rice

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Cochlear Synaptopathy By Electrocochleography To Low Frequencies In A Preclinical Model And Human Subjects, Raymond A Haggerty, Kendall A Hutson, William J Riggs, Kevin D Brown, Harold C Pillsbury, Oliver F Adunka, Craig A Buchman, Douglas C Fitzpatrick

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cochlear synaptopathy is the loss of synapses between the inner hair cells and the auditory nerve despite survival of sensory hair cells. The findings of extensive cochlear synaptopathy in animals after moderate noise exposures challenged the long-held view that hair cells are the cochlear elements most sensitive to insults that lead to hearing loss. However, cochlear synaptopathy has been difficult to identify in humans. We applied novel algorithms to determine hair cell and neural contributions to electrocochleographic (ECochG) recordings from the round window of animal and human subjects. Gerbils with normal hearing provided training and test sets for a deep …

Assessment Of Antibodies In The Upper And Lower Human Respiratory Tract At Steady State And After Respiratory Viral Infection, Marios Koutsakos, Jackson S Turner, M Cristina Vazquez Guillamet, Daniel Reynolds, Tingting Lei, Derek E Byers, Ali H Ellebedy, Philip A Mudd

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: There is an increasing appreciation for the need to study mucosal antibody responses in humans. Our aim was to determine the utility of different types of samples from the human respiratory tract, specifically nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs obtained for diagnostic purposes and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained in outpatient and inpatient settings.

METHODS: We analysed antibody levels in plasma and NP swabs from 67 individuals with acute influenza as well as plasma and BAL from individuals undergoing bronchoscopy, including five control subjects as well as seven moderately and seven severely ill subjects with a respiratory viral infection. Levels of α2-macroglobulin were …

Non-Canonical Functions Of Ezh2 In Cancer, Sarah M Zimmerman, Phyo Nay Lin, George P Souroullas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Mutations in chromatin modifying genes frequently occur in many kinds of cancer. Most mechanistic studies focus on their canonical functions, while therapeutic approaches target their enzymatic activity. Recent studies, however, demonstrate that non-canonical functions of chromatin modifiers may be equally important and therapeutically actionable in different types of cancer. One epigenetic regulator that demonstrates such a dual role in cancer is the histone methyltransferase EZH2. EZH2 is a core component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which plays a crucial role in cell identity, differentiation, proliferation, stemness and plasticity. While much of the regulatory functions and oncogenic activity of …

Role Of Cardiopulmonary Interactions In Development Of Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury-Experimental Evidence And Clinical Implications, Neel Shah, Bhushan H Katira

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) impacts outcomes in ARDS and optimization of ventilatory strategies improves survival. Decades of research has identified various mechanisms of VILI, largely focusing on airspace forces of plateau pressure, tidal volume and driving pressure. Experimental evidence indicates the role of adverse cardiopulmonary interaction during mechanical ventilation, contributing to VILI genesis mostly by modulating pulmonary vascular dynamics. Under passive mechanical ventilation, high transpulmonary pressure increases afterload on right heart while high pleural pressure reduces the RV preload. Together, they can result in swings of pulmonary vascular flow and pressure. Altered vascular flow and pressure result in increased vascular …

Multi-Omic Analysis Of The Tumor Microenvironment Shows Clinical Correlations In Ph1 Study Of Atezolizumab +/- Soc In Mm, Sandy Wong, Habib Hamidi, Luciano J Costa, Selma Bekri, Natalia Neparidze, Ravi Vij, Tina G Nielsen, Aparna Raval, Rajan Sareen, Elisabeth Wassner-Fritsch, Hearn J Cho

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable, and treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease is challenging. There is an unmet need for more targeted therapies in this setting; deep cellular and molecular phenotyping of the tumor and microenvironment in MM could help guide such therapies. This phase 1b study (NCT02431208) evaluated the safety and efficacy of the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 monoclonal antibody atezolizumab (Atezo) alone or in combination with the standard of care (SoC) treatments lenalidomide (Len) or pomalidomide (Pom) and/or daratumumab (Dara) in patients with R/R MM. Study endpoints included incidence of adverse events (AEs) and overall response rate (ORR). A novel …

Racial Disparities In Access To Dbs: Results Of A Real-World U.S. Claims Data Analysis, Michael Frassica, Drew S Kern, Mitra Afshari, Allison T Connolly, Chengyuan Wu, Nathan Rowland, Juan Ramirez-Castaneda, Mwiza Ushe, Claudia Salazar, Xenos Mason

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective and standard-of-care therapy for Parkinson's Disease and other movement disorders when symptoms are inadequately controlled with conventional medications. It requires expert care for patient selection, surgical targeting, and therapy titration. Despite the known benefits, racial/ethnic disparities in access have been reported. Technological advancements with smartphone-enabled devices may influence racial disparities. Real-world evidence investigations can shed further light on barriers to access and demographic disparities for DBS patients.

METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using Medicare claims linked with manufacturer patient data tracking to analyze 3,869 patients who received DBS. Patients were …

Patient Specific Contouring Region Of Interest For Abdominal Stereotactic Adaptive Radiotherapy, Alex T Price, Christopher J Zachary, Eric Laugeman, Borna Maraghechi, Tong Zhu, Lauren E Henke

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Contouring during adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can be a time-consuming process. This study describes the generation of patient specific contouring regions of interest (CRoI) for evaluating the high dose fall-off in stereotactic abdominal ART. An empirical equation was derived to determine the radius of a cylindrical patient specific CRoIs. These CRoIs were applied to 60 patients and their adaptive fractions (301 unique treatment plans). Out of the 301 unique treatment plans, 284 (94%) treatment plans contained the high dose fall-off within the CRoI. There was an expected predicted average timesaving of 2.9-min-per case. Patient specific CRoIs improves the efficiency of ART.

Transferrin Receptor In Primary And Metastatic Breast Cancer: Evaluation Of Expression And Experimental Modulation To Improve Molecular Targeting, Francesca Fontana, Alison K. Esser, Christopher Egbulefu, Partha Karmakar, Xinming Su, John S. Allen, Yalin Xu, Jennifer L. Davis, Ariel Gabay, Jingyu Xiang, Kristin A. Kwakwa, Brad Manion, Suzanne Bakewell, Shunqiang Li, Haeseong Park, Gregory M. Lanza, Samuel Achilefu, Katherine N. Weilbaecher

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Conjugation of transferrin (Tf) to imaging or nanotherapeutic agents is a promising strategy to target breast cancer. Since the efficacy of these biomaterials often depends on the overexpression of the targeted receptor, we set out to survey expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) in primary and metastatic breast cancer samples, including metastases and relapse, and investigate its modulation in experimental models.

METHODS: Gene expression was investigated by datamining in twelve publicly-available datasets. Dedicated Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were generated to evaluate matched primary and bone metastases as well as and pre and post chemotherapy tumors from the same patient. TMA were …

Maximizing Flow Rate In Single Paper Layer, Rapid Flow Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices, Iain Macleod Briongos, Zachary D Call, Charles S Henry, David L Bark Jr.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: Small, single-layer microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) offer potential for a range of point-of-care applications; however, they have been limited to low flow rates. Here, we investigate the role of laser cutting paper channels in maximizing flow rate in small profile devices with limited fluid volumes. We demonstrate that branching, laser-cut grooves can provide a 59.23-73.98% improvement in flow rate over a single cut, and a 435% increase over paper alone. These design considerations can be applied to more complex microfluidic devices with the aim of increasing the flow rate, and could be used in stand-alone channels for self-pumping. …

The Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader Gdc-0810 (Arn-810) In Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive Her2-Negative (Hr + /Her2 -) Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer, Aditya Bardia, Cynthia X Ma, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: GDC-0810 (ARN-810) is a novel, non-steroidal, orally bioavailable, selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) that potentially inhibits ligand-dependent and ligand-independent estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated signaling.

METHODS: A phase Ia/Ib/IIa dose escalation, combination treatment with palbociclib or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, and expansion study determined the safety, pharmacokinetics, and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of GDC-0810 in postmenopausal women with ER + (HER2 -) locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Baseline plasma ctDNA samples were analyzed to determine the ESR1 mutation status.

RESULTS: Patients (N = 152) received GDC-0810 100-800 mg once daily (QD) or 300-400 mg twice daily, in dose …

Scaling-Up Child And Youth Mental Health Services: Assessing Coverage Of A County-Wide Prevention And Early Intervention Initiative During One Fiscal Year, Cole Hooley, Deborah Salvo, Derek S Brown, Lauren Brookman-Frazee, Anna S Lau, Ross C Brownson, Patrick J Fowler, Debbie Innes-Gomberg, Enola K Proctor

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: In the U.S., the percentage of youth in need of evidence-based mental health practices (EBPs) who receive them (i.e., coverage rate) is low. We know little about what influences coverage rates. In 2010, the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health (LACDMH) launched a reimbursement-driven implementation of multiple EBPs in youth mental health care. This study examines two questions: (1) What was the coverage rate of EBPs delivered three years following initial implementation? (2) What factors are associated with the coverage rates?

METHODS: To assess coverage rates of publicly insured youth, we used LACDMH administrative claims data from July …

Introducing Sonhr-Reporting Guidelines For Social Networks In Health Research, Douglas A. Luke, Edward Tsai, Bobbi J. Carothers, Sara Malone, Beth Prusaczyk, Todd B. Combs, Mia T Vogel, Jennifer Watling Neal, Zachary P. Neal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: The overall goal of this work is to produce a set of recommendations (SoNHR-Social Networks in Health Research) that will improve the reporting and dissemination of social network concepts, methods, data, and analytic results within health sciences research.

METHODS: This study used a modified-Delphi approach for recommendation development consistent with best practices suggested by the EQUATOR health sciences reporting guidelines network. An initial set of 28 reporting recommendations was developed by the author team. A group of 67 (of 147 surveyed) experienced network and health scientists participated in an online feedback survey. They rated the clarity and importance of …

What Is Operative? Conceptualizing Neuralgia: Neuroma, Compression Neuropathy, Painful Hyperalgesia, And Phantom Nerve Pain, Elspeth J R Hill, J Megan M Patterson, Andrew Yee, Lara W Crock, Susan E Mackinnon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Neuralgia, or nerve pain, is a common presenting complaint for the hand surgeon. When the nerve at play is easily localized, and the cause of the pain is clear (eg, carpal tunnel syndrome), the patient may be easily treated with excellent results. However, in more complex cases, the underlying pathophysiology and cause of neuralgia can be more difficult to interpret; if incorrectly managed, this leads to frustration for both the patient and surgeon. Here we offer a way to conceptualize neuralgia into 4 categories-compression neuropathy, neuroma, painful hyperalgesia, and phantom nerve pain-and offer an illustrative clinical vignette and strategies for …

A Novel Approach For Assessing Bias During Team-Based Clinical Decision-Making, Natalie Pool, Megan Hebdon, Esther De Groot, Ryan Yee, Kathryn Herrera-Theut, Erika Yee, Larry A Allen, Ayesha Hasan, Joann Lindenfeld, Elizabeth Calhoun, Molly Carnes, Nancy K Sweitzer, Khadijah Breathett

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Many clinical processes include multidisciplinary group decision-making, yet few methods exist to evaluate the presence of implicit bias during this collective process. Implicit bias negatively impacts the equitable delivery of evidence-based interventions and ultimately patient outcomes. Since implicit bias can be difficult to assess, novel approaches are required to detect and analyze this elusive phenomenon. In this paper, we describe how the de Groot Critically Reflective Diagnoses Protocol (DCRDP) can be used as a data analysis tool to evaluate group dynamics as an essential foundation for exploring how interactions can bias collective clinical decision-making. The DCRDP includes 6 distinct criteria: …

Enhancing The Therapeutic Activity Of Hyperimmune Igg Against Chikungunya Virus Using Fcγriiia Affinity Chromatography, Julie M Fox, Vicky Roy, Bronwyn M Gunn, Glen R Bolton, Daved H Fremont, Galit Alter, Michael S Diamond, Austin W Boesch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging mosquito transmitted alphavirus of global concern. Neutralizing antibodies and antibody Fc-effector functions have been shown to reduce CHIKV disease and infection in animals. However, the ability to improve the therapeutic activity of CHIKV-specific polyclonal IgG by enhancing Fc-effector functions through modulation of IgG subclass and glycoforms remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of CHIKV-immune IgG enriched for binding to Fc-gamma receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa) to select for IgG with enhanced Fc effector functions.

METHODS: Total IgG was isolated from CHIKV-immune convalescent donors with and without additional purification by FcγRIIIa affinity chromatography. The …

Designing Implementation Strategies To Improve Identification, Cascade Testing, And Management Of Families With Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Intervention Mapping Approach, Laney K Jones, Ross C Brownson, Anne C Goldberg, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common inherited cholesterol disorder that, without early intervention, leads to premature cardiovascular disease. Multilevel strategies that target all components of FH care including identification, cascade testing, and management are needed to address gaps that exist in FH care. We utilized intervention mapping, a systematic implementation science approach, to identify and match strategies to existing barriers and develop programs to improve FH care.

METHODS: Data were collected utilizing two methods: a scoping review of published literature, related to any component of FH care, and a parallel mixed method study using interviews and surveys. The scientific …

The Function Of Histone Methylation And Acetylation Regulators In Gbm Pathophysiology, Colin Mccornack, Timothy Woodiwiss, Angela Hardi, Hiroko Yano, Albert H Kim

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain malignancy and is characterized by a high degree of intra and intertumor cellular heterogeneity, a starkly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and nearly universal recurrence. The application of various genomic approaches has allowed us to understand the core molecular signatures, transcriptional states, and DNA methylation patterns that define GBM. Histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have been shown to influence oncogenesis in a variety of malignancies, including other forms of glioma, yet comparatively less effort has been placed on understanding the transcriptional impact and regulation of histone PTMs in the context of GBM. In …

Vigorous-Intensity Exercise As A Modulator Of Cardiac Adipose Tissue In Women With Obesity: A Cross-Sectional And Randomized Pilot Study, Sumsen Thapa, Bharath S Selvaraj, Paige N Davis, Bryan Smith, Amy H Givan, Jose A Perez-Rivera, Pamela K Woodard, Jon D Klingensmith, Maria Fernandez-Del-Valle

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cardiac adipose tissue (CAT) has become an important target for the reduction of disease risk. Supervised exercise programs have shown potential to "significantly" reduce CAT; however, the impact of different exercise modalities is not clear, and the relationships between CAT, physical activity (PA) levels and fitness (PFit) remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between CAT, PA and PFit, and to explore the effects of different exercise modalities in a group of women with obesity. A total of 26 women (age: 23.41 ± 5.78 years-old) were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. PA, cardiorespiratory fitness, …

Direct Proteomic Detection And Prioritization Of 19 Onchocerciasis Biomarker Candidates In Humans, Bruce A Rosa, Kurt Curtis, Petra Erdmann Gilmore, John Martin, Qiang Zhang, Robert Sprung, Gary J Weil, R Reid Townsend, Peter U Fischer, Makedonka Mitreva

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis, infects over 20 million people and can cause severe dermatitis and ocular conditions including blindness. Current treatments employed in mass drug administration programs do not kill adult female worms, and common diagnostic tests cannot reliably assess viability of adult worms. There is an urgent need for better diagnostic tests to facilitate monitoring the efficacy of new treatments and disease elimination efforts. Here, eight plasma samples collected from individuals infected with O. volvulus and seven from uninfected individuals were analyzed by MS/MS spectrometry to directly identify O. volvulus proteins present in infected but absent …

Down Syndrome And Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review Of Functional Performance And Fall Risk, Selena E Washington, Emily Cler, Cameron Lowery, Susan L Stark

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs in aging adults with Down syndrome (DS) at a higher prevalence and an earlier age than in typical aging adults. As with the general aging adult population, there is an urgent need to understand the preclinical and early phases of AD progression in the adult population with DS. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize the current state of the evidence and identify gaps in the literature regarding functional activity performance and falls and their significance to disease staging (i.e., mild, moderate, and severe defined staging criteria) in relation to Alzheimer's disease and …

Impact Of Early Pericardial Fluid Chymase Activation After Cardiac Surgery, Brittany Butts, Lee A Goeddel, Jingyi Zheng, Betty Pat, Pamela Powell, James Mobley, Sarfaraz Ahmad, Chad Steele, David Mcgiffin, James E Davies, James F George, Spencer J Melby, Carlos M Ferrario, Louis J Dell'italia

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Chymase is a highly destructive serine protease rapidly neutralized in the circulation by protease inhibitors. Here we test whether pericardial fluid (PCF) chymase activation and other inflammatory biomarkers determine intensive care unit length of stay, and explore mechanisms of chymase delivery by extracellular vesicles to the heart.

METHODS: PCF was collected from adult patients (17 on-pump; 13 off-pump) 4 h after cardiac surgery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing chymase were injected into Sprague-Dawley rats to test for their ability to deliver chymase to the heart.

RESULTS: The mean intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mean total length of stay was …

Feasibility And Acceptability Of Remote Smartphone Cognitive Testing In Frontotemporal Dementia Research, Jack Carson Taylor, Nupur Ghoshal, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Remote smartphone assessments of cognition, speech/language, and motor functioning in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) could enable decentralized clinical trials and improve access to research. We studied the feasibility and acceptability of remote smartphone data collection in FTD research using the ALLFTD Mobile App (ALLFTD-mApp).

METHODS: A diagnostically mixed sample of 214 participants with FTD or from familial FTD kindreds (asymptomatic: CDR®+NACC-FTLD = 0 [

RESULTS: It was feasible for participants to complete the ALLFTD-mApp on their own smartphones. Participants reported high smartphone familiarity, completed ∼ 70% of tasks, and considered the time commitment acceptable (98% of respondents). Greater disease severity …

Cognition And Education Benefits Of Increased Hemoglobin And Blood Oxygenation In Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Joanna P. Macewan, Allison A. King, Andy Nguyen, Anuj Mubayi, Irene Agodoa, Kim Smith-Whitley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), decreased hemoglobin is associated with lower oxygen saturation (SpO2) and increased risk of stroke, both of which are associated with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Thus, increasing hemoglobin and SpO2 in individuals with SCD may increase IQ and educational attainment.

METHODS: A cohort simulation model was built to determine academic performance and educational attainment based on cognitive function (measured by IQ) of a pediatric SCD cohort randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The model contained two key stages: childhood (<10 years) and adolescence (≥10 years). In stage 1, increased hemoglobin and increased SpO2 (assigned to the treatment group) were determinants of higher IQ, prevention of IQ deterioration over time. Increased hemoglobin was also a determinant of decreased stroke risk. In stage 2, improvement in adolescent IQ as a result of treatment was a determinant of academic performance.

RESULTS: In a simulated cohort of 2000 children and adolescents with …

Neuroinflammation And Amyloid Deposition In The Progression Of Mixed Alzheimer And Vascular Dementia, Chunwei Ying, Peter Kang, Michael M Binkley, Andria L Ford, Yasheng Chen, Jason Hassenstab, Qing Wang, Jeremy Strain, John C Morris, Jin-Moo Lee, Tammie L S Benzinger, Hongyu An

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) pathologies coexist in patients with cognitive impairment. Abnormal amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition is the hallmark pathologic biomarker for AD. Neuroinflammation may be a pathophysiological mechanism in both AD and VCID. In this study, we aimed to understand the role of neuroinflammation and Aβ deposition in white matter hyperintensities (WMH) progression and cognitive decline over a decade in patients with mixed AD and VCID pathologies.

METHODS: Twenty-four elderly participants (median [interquartile range] age 78 [64.8, 83] years old, 14 female) were recruited from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research …