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Articles 4441 - 4470 of 5384

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

The Genetic And Somatic Effects Of Radiation: A Balance Between Benefits And Risks, Timothy Merz Jan 1977

The Genetic And Somatic Effects Of Radiation: A Balance Between Benefits And Risks, Timothy Merz

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

The present clinical interest in mutagenic agents in general and radiation in particular can be seen in the current proliferation of popular articles and reports on the effect of mutagens and radiation on biological systems. In spite of the continuing controversy over the effects of radiation from environmental sources, the most significant problem today is the increasing x-ray exposure of individuals due to the increasing radiological diagnostic capability and the expanding importance of radiographic procedures in medical diagnosis.

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Syndrome Identification [Case Reports], Peter Mamunes Jan 1977

Syndrome Identification [Case Reports], Peter Mamunes

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

What’s in a name? This question is often asked of a genetic counselor when a syndrome is newly delineated. The brief case reports that follow demonstrate the importance of establishing precise diagnoses. They also emphasize that many of these syndromes are recognizable only after careful physical examination of the proband and family members, consultation with other subspecialties (for example, neurology, radiology, orthopedics, dentistry, pathology), and a review of the medical literature.

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A Report Of Familiar Ring (9) Chromosome [Case Study], Robin J. Caldwell, Judith A. Brown, Reuben B. Young Jan 1977

A Report Of Familiar Ring (9) Chromosome [Case Study], Robin J. Caldwell, Judith A. Brown, Reuben B. Young

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Ring chromosomes originate in the simultaneous occurrence of two breaks at opposite ends of the chromosome and the subsequent reuniting of the free ends to form a ring. They may be compatible with normal life, as only a fractional loss of genetic material has occurred, or they may lead to spontaneous abortion or to an offspring with severe physical and mental handicap attributable to significant genetic alterations.

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A Case Of Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome, Catherine Mckeon-Kern, Peter Mamunes Jan 1977

A Case Of Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome, Catherine Mckeon-Kern, Peter Mamunes

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Saethre-Chotzen syndrome was described independently by the Norwegian psychiatrist, Saethre, and the German psychiatrist, Chotzen, in the 1930s; since that time many cases have been reported, some using the terms acrocephalosyndactyly, type III, and craniooculodental syndrome. Clinically, the syndrome is characterized by premature closure of the cranial sutures, low-set hairline, nasal septum deviation, brachydactyly, and ptosis. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant with complete penetrance and great variability in expression. Because of this variable in expressivity, the syndrome is difficult to diagnose in the less severe form without a positive family history.

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The Polymorphonuclear Neutrophilic Phagocyte, Gerald L. Mandell Jan 1977

The Polymorphonuclear Neutrophilic Phagocyte, Gerald L. Mandell

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Patients who have too few functioning mature polymorphonuclear neutrophils frequently develop fatal bacterial or fungal infections despite our best efforts to prevent and treat those infections. Recently new facets of white cell function which enable us to better understand both normal and abnormal states have been found. Several review articles about polymorphonucler neutrophils (also called neutrophils and granulocytes – the latter term includes eosinophils and basophils) have been published recently and the reader is referred to these for more comprehensive coverage of the field.

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The Relevance Of Genetics To Medicine [Introduction], Walter E. Nance Jan 1977

The Relevance Of Genetics To Medicine [Introduction], Walter E. Nance

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

This issue of the MCV Quarterly focuses on the explosion of knowledge in the field of human genetics. The activities of the new Department of Human Genetics at the Medical College of Virginia encompass the traditional medical school triad of teaching, patient care, and research, and an active graduate program has been developed with curricula leading to masters and doctorate degrees. The program is supported by a recently awarded National Institutes of Health predoctoral training grant as well as State and local funds from the A.D. Williams Foundation.

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Population Screening For Genetic Disease, Peter Mamunes Jan 1977

Population Screening For Genetic Disease, Peter Mamunes

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Recent advances in genetics and laboratory techniques have raised difficult issues for both the medical and lay communities. The desirability of initiating population screening programs is an example of one such issue that has engendered considerable confusion concerning is intent – so much so that the National Academy of Sciences recently reviewed this subject and in 1975 published a book entitled, Genetic Screening – Programs, Principles and Research. This presentation will describe the four major forms of population screening for genetic disease and, from the Virginia experience with some of them, demonstrate their strengths and shortcomings.

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Influence Of Duration Of Homograft On Humoral Responses In Man, Marion Waller, James C. Pierce, Gerardo Mendez-Picon, Hyung M. Lee Jan 1977

Influence Of Duration Of Homograft On Humoral Responses In Man, Marion Waller, James C. Pierce, Gerardo Mendez-Picon, Hyung M. Lee

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Elevated titers of natural antibodies have been demonstrated in the sera of patients following transplantation. These humoral responses were thought to be associated with rejection. This concept was challenged by investigators whose studies associated these responses with infection or with injection of heterologous serum. Nevertheless, the possible prognostic significance of these relatively simple tests has continued to evoke interest. This study was undertaken to compare the humoral responses in three different groups of patients with organ transplants in order to evaluate the influence of duration of the homograft and the attendant immunosuppression.

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Brain Death, Cary Suter Jan 1977

Brain Death, Cary Suter

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Until recently determination of death was simple. The heart stopped. There was no pulse, no recordable blood pressure, and no heart sounds. There was no breathing. Now, methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are common knowledge, both to the layman and to the physician. Hospitals have special “Code Blue” teams; emergency rooms and intensive care units are superbly equipped for life support; hearts that stop are started again. Machines do an excellent job of respiration. Nevertheless, the patient’s brain may be dead and damaged beyond recovery, either in whole or in part. When the whole brain is seriously damaged, including the cerebral …

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Immunology And Disease Of The Kidney, William F. Falls Jr. Jan 1977

Immunology And Disease Of The Kidney, William F. Falls Jr.

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

The emphasis of this paper is the review of several aspects of renal disease which have immunologic overtones and clinical relevance. The pathogenesis of several subtypes of glomerulonephritis will be discussed, the immunologic implications of amyloidosis will be noted, and the relation between immune mechanisms and tubulointerstitial disease will be mentioned. The discussion will then be completed by an analysis of the prognosis of the aforementioned renal disease, and by an attempt to place contemporary therapeutic modalities in a proper perspective.

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Genetics And Cancer, John M. Mueller, Robert B. Diasio Jan 1977

Genetics And Cancer, John M. Mueller, Robert B. Diasio

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

The existence of a relationship between cancer and heredity has been recognized for years, but only recently has emerging knowledge in this area enabled physicians to detect and treat cancer earlier in affected individuals and to prevent its occurrence in others.

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The Search For Optimal Management Of Head Injury, J. Douglas Miller Jan 1977

The Search For Optimal Management Of Head Injury, J. Douglas Miller

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Head injuries of sufficient severity to bring the patient to a hospital occur in more than one per hundred of the population every year. The toll in death and disability is staggering: the majority of patients are young wage-earners with families so that the total socio-economic burden can hardly be guessed at. Much emphasis is laid on the concept that physical disruption of neurons in the brain is not a reversible process and that regeneration within the nervous system to the point of functional recovery does not occur; however, this rather dismal view of head injury is at variance with …

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New Approaches To The Use Of Twins In Biomedical Research, Walter E. Nance Jan 1977

New Approaches To The Use Of Twins In Biomedical Research, Walter E. Nance

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Human geneticists are often accused of being preoccupied with exotic syndromes that are of marginal relevance to the general population. Brilliant success has been achieved during the past two decades in defining the nature and function of the genetic material, the molecular pathology of a large number of metabolic diseases, the phenotype of more than 2,000 Mendelian traits, and more recently the chromosomal location of a rapidly expanding number of human gene pairs. In contrast, relatively little progress has been made in the genetic analysis of quantitative traits such as blood pressure, serum cholesterol, intelligence quotient, skin color, height, birth …

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Dominantly Inherited Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Motor Neuron Disease), Louise E. Wilkins, Robin M. Winter, Edwin C. Myer, Walter E. Nance Jan 1977

Dominantly Inherited Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Motor Neuron Disease), Louise E. Wilkins, Robin M. Winter, Edwin C. Myer, Walter E. Nance

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

The term amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was first introduced by Charcot to describe cases with mixed upper and lower motor neuron signs without sensory impairment. Later the syndromes of progressive bulbar palsy (PBP) and progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) were recognized to be variations of the same pathological process, and ALS was used as an inclusive term to refer to these syndromes as well. Although some authors reserve the term ALS for the specific syndrome of mixed upper and lower motor neuron lesions and use the term “motor neuron disease” to refer to the constellation of syndromes, most of the literature on …

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A New Familial Chondrodystrophy Simulating Parastremmatic Dwarfism, Wendy L. Golden, Peter Mamunes, Michael B. Kodroff Jan 1977

A New Familial Chondrodystrophy Simulating Parastremmatic Dwarfism, Wendy L. Golden, Peter Mamunes, Michael B. Kodroff

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Recent developments in tissue culture and enzyme analysis have made it possible to classify more precisely some of the skeletal dysplasias and to understand their pathophysiology; thus almost all seven clinical types of mucopolysaccharidoses are due to separate single enzyme deficiencies – one type, the Sanfilippo syndrome, has three subtypes, each with a different enzyme deficiency. The majority of the skeletal dysplasias have no definable biochemical abnormality and are classified on the basis of clinical and radiological findings and the mode of inheritance. The purpose of this report is to present a family with an apparently new type of chondrodystrophy.

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Mcv/Q, Medical College Of Virginia Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 4 Jan 1977

Mcv/Q, Medical College Of Virginia Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 4

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

No abstract provided.

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Mcv/Q, Medical College Of Virginia Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 2 Jan 1977

Mcv/Q, Medical College Of Virginia Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 2

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

No abstract provided.

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Somatostatin: Diverse Physiological Roles And Therapeutic Implications, Gordon C. Weir, S. Bonner Weir Jan 1977

Somatostatin: Diverse Physiological Roles And Therapeutic Implications, Gordon C. Weir, S. Bonner Weir

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

In its brief lifetime as a known peptide, somatostatin has provided a truly remarkable story filled with surprising developments from unexpected quarters. The foundation was set in 1969, when Krulich and McCann reported that fractions of a crude hypothalamic extract inhibited the secretion of growth hormone. In 1973, Guillemin's laboratory reported the sequence and synthesis of a fourteen amino acid peptide with the same inhibitory effect. It occurs in both a cyclic and linear form, each displaying equal biological activity. Somatostatin was assigned as its name, but it is also commonly referred to as growth hormone release inhibitory factor (GHRIF) …

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Differential Diagnosis Of Progressive Generalized Or Symmetrical Flaccid Paralysis, Edward R. Isaacs Jan 1977

Differential Diagnosis Of Progressive Generalized Or Symmetrical Flaccid Paralysis, Edward R. Isaacs

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Progressive flaccid paralysis occurring over a period of hours or days is usually associated with the Landry-Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome. This symptom complex is often accompanied by a history of previous flu-like illness, antecedent myalgias, and subjective sensory complaints of tingling or simply a “tight” sensation in hands and feet. The paralysis that ensues either ascends from the feet and legs or descends from the facial muscles to involve all or most of the voluntary skeletal musculature. Along with paralysis of the intercostal and diaphragmatic musculature, severe cases may also involve other cranial nerves as well as the autonomic nervous system. In …

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Cancer: The Great Challenge For Immunology, Gerald Goldstein Jan 1977

Cancer: The Great Challenge For Immunology, Gerald Goldstein

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

The existence of immunity to cancer was postulated by the eminent scientists who helped to establish the discipline of immunology. In 1907 Clowes suggested that human resistance to cancer resulted from what we today call “immune surveillance.” During the ensuing 70 years the results obtained from experimental animal cancers and human cancers have greatly influenced the palatability of tumor-immunity theories. Early optimism that immunity to cancer could be specifically induced waned and almost disappeared when it was demonstrated that the rejection of cancer transplants resulted from transplantation immunity and not tumor immunity. A sustained wave of enthusiasm for immunity to …

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Why Control Diabetes?, Harold Rifkin Jan 1977

Why Control Diabetes?, Harold Rifkin

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

The definition of diabetes control varies widely among specialists of the disease. Proponents of "good" control believe that the goals of appropriate therapy for diabetes should include an all-out effort to obtain levels of fasting and postprandial blood glucose as close to those in the non-diabetic as possible. Certainly, good control has been proven to accomplish the following: 1. prevention of ketoacidosis; 2. prevention of severe hypoglycemia; 3. decrease in perinatal mortality and morbidity; 4. promotion of normal growth and development of the juvenile diabetic; 5. prevention of, or inhibition of, infection. The evidence that hyperglycemia is responsible for vascular …

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The Growth And Development Of Genetics At Mcv, J. Ives Townsend Jan 1977

The Growth And Development Of Genetics At Mcv, J. Ives Townsend

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Genetics was well established at the Medical College of Virginia by the time I joined the faculty in 1960. At least one course in genetics was required of students in the Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Nursing. The Department of Biology and Genetics, which was in the School of Pharmacy and chaired by Dr. Roscoe D. Hughes, also had a modest graduate program in genetics and two genetics research programs, one on facial growth in twins, supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, and the other on the genetics of drosophila, supported by the National Science …

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Familial Occurrence Of Pierre Robin Anomalad, Wendy O. Segreti, Peter Mamunes Jan 1977

Familial Occurrence Of Pierre Robin Anomalad, Wendy O. Segreti, Peter Mamunes

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

We have presented a family in which three children (1 male and 2 females) who had two different fathers were affected with the Pierre Robin anomalad. The mother exhibits some of the characteristic stigmata of this syndrome which strongly suggests that an autosomal dominant from of the Pierre Robin anomalad exists with variable expressivity.

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Mcv/Q, Medical College Of Virginia Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 3 Jan 1977

Mcv/Q, Medical College Of Virginia Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 3

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

No abstract provided.

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Diabetes In Children And Adolescents; Observations On Diabetic Microangiopathy, Elsa Proehl Paulsen Jan 1977

Diabetes In Children And Adolescents; Observations On Diabetic Microangiopathy, Elsa Proehl Paulsen

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

You may well wonder why I have combined a talk on diabetes in children and adolescents with one on diabetic microangiopathy when as pediatricians we rarely, if ever, see clinical evidence of the sequelae of vascular disease in our patients. If we see proteinuria in a child, we seek another cause. We may see young teenagers with a microaneurysm or a trace of protein, but we soon refer them to our internist friends who fall heir to the care of problems that doubtless have their beginning in childhood years. Pediatricians are, therefore, concerned about these problems and the adequacy of …

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Association Of Cystic Medial Necrosis Of The Aorta And Undiagnosed Thyroiditis [Scripta Medica], William S. Wise, John R. Hain Jan 1977

Association Of Cystic Medial Necrosis Of The Aorta And Undiagnosed Thyroiditis [Scripta Medica], William S. Wise, John R. Hain

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

We have recently seen two patients with cystic medial necrosis of the aorta. The first patient died of a dissecting aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. At autopsy, classical Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was discovered. The second patient died of a rupture of the ascending aorta. At autopsy, chronic thyroiditis was seen with multiple large germinal center and diffuse fibrosis. Neither patient was clinically suspected of thyroid dysfunction although the second patient had had a partial thyroidectomy in the remote past.

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A Diagnostic Approach To Acute Headache, Alan B. Grindal Jan 1977

A Diagnostic Approach To Acute Headache, Alan B. Grindal

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Headache is one of the most common symptomatic ailments encountered by the physician. According to one estimate, headache constitutes the major complaint in more than 50% of patients seen in office practice. This figure refers to patients with chronic recurring headache, many of whom are seen electively when they are asymptomatic, and may not accurately reflect the frequency with which patients present, during the acute phase, complaining of head pain. The term acute headache refers to those episodes of cephalgia which lead the patient to seek immediate medical care.

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Author Index, Volume Thirteen, 1977. Jan 1977

Author Index, Volume Thirteen, 1977.

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Author index for MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly, 1977, Volume Thirteen.

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Subject Index, Volume Thirteen, 1977. Jan 1977

Subject Index, Volume Thirteen, 1977.

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

Subject Index for MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly, 1977, Volume Thirteen.

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Mcv/Q, Medical College Of Virginia Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 1 Jan 1977

Mcv/Q, Medical College Of Virginia Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 1

MCV/Q, Medical College of Virginia Quarterly

No abstract provided.

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