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Articles 931 - 960 of 3349

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Lagged Meteorological Impacts On Covid-19 Incidence Among High-Risk Counties In The United States—A Spatiotemporal Analysis, Lung-Chang Chien, Lung-Wen Antony Chen, Ro-Ting Lin Jul 2021

Lagged Meteorological Impacts On Covid-19 Incidence Among High-Risk Counties In The United States—A Spatiotemporal Analysis, Lung-Chang Chien, Lung-Wen Antony Chen, Ro-Ting Lin

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Background: The associations between meteorological factors and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been discussed globally; however, because of short study periods, the lack of considering lagged effects, and different study areas, results from the literature were diverse and even contradictory. Objective: The primary purpose of this study is to conduct more reliable research to evaluate the lagged meteorological impacts on COVID-19 incidence by considering a relatively long study period and diversified high-risk areas in the United States. Methods: This study adopted the distributed lagged nonlinear model with a spatial function to analyze COVID-19 incidence predicted by multiple meteorological measures from …

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Testing The Multi-Theory Model (Mtm) To Predict The Use Of New Technology For Social Connectedness In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Manoj Sharma, Kavita Batra, Jason Flatt Jul 2021

Testing The Multi-Theory Model (Mtm) To Predict The Use Of New Technology For Social Connectedness In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Manoj Sharma, Kavita Batra, Jason Flatt

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Loneliness or social isolation, recently described as a “behavioral epidemic,” remains a long-standing public health issue, which has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of technology has been suggested to enhance social connectedness and to decrease the negative health outcomes associated with social isolation. However, till today, no theory-based studies were performed to examine the determinants of technology use. Therefore, the current study aims to test theory-based determinants in explaining the adoption of new technology in a nationally representative sample during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 382). A psychometrically reliable and valid instrument based on the multi-theory model (MTM) …

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Asymmetries In Dynamic Valgus Index After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Kai Yu Ho, Andrew Murata Jul 2021

Asymmetries In Dynamic Valgus Index After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Kai Yu Ho, Andrew Murata

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are at a higher risk for subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Risk factors for ACL injuries likely involve a combination of anatomical, biomechanical, and neuromuscular factors. Dynamic knee valgus has been indicated as a possible biomechanical factor for future ACL injuries. Given that knee valgus is often accompanied by contralateral pelvic drop during single-leg activities, a dynamic valgus index (DVI) that quantifies combined kinematics of the knee and hip in the frontal plane has recently been developed. As the premise of asymmetrical DVI between limbs in the ACLR population has not been …

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Needs Of Direct Support Professionals To Support People With Intellectual Disabilities In Leading A Healthy Lifestyle, Annelies Overwijk, Thessa I.M. Hilgenkamp, Cees P. Van Der Schans, Annette A.J. Van Der Putten, Aly Waninge Jun 2021

Needs Of Direct Support Professionals To Support People With Intellectual Disabilities In Leading A Healthy Lifestyle, Annelies Overwijk, Thessa I.M. Hilgenkamp, Cees P. Van Der Schans, Annette A.J. Van Der Putten, Aly Waninge

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Background: For a healthy lifestyle, people with moderate, severe, and profound intellectual disabilities living in residential facilities and/or participating in day activity centers are dependent on their direct support professionals. However, it is unclear what knowledge and skills these direct support professionals require to support these individuals in living a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the needs of direct support professionals for supporting these people with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities to achieve and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Method: Direct support professionals (n = 28) were interviewed with the use of a semi-structured protocol …

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Functional Outcomes Of Unstable Ankle Fractures With And Without Syndesmotic Fixation In The Adolescent Population, Connor J. Paez, Benjamin M. Lurie, Vidyadhar V. Upasani, Andrew T. Pennock Jun 2021

Functional Outcomes Of Unstable Ankle Fractures With And Without Syndesmotic Fixation In The Adolescent Population, Connor J. Paez, Benjamin M. Lurie, Vidyadhar V. Upasani, Andrew T. Pennock

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare functional outcomes of adolescents with and without ankle syndesmotic injuries and identify predictors of functional outcome after operative ankle fractures. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on operative adolescent ankle fractures treated between 2009 and 2019 with a minimum of one-year follow-up (mean 4.35 years). Patients who underwent syndesmotic fixation (SF) (n = 48) were compared with operative ankle fractures without syndesmotic injury (n = 63). Functional outcomes were assessed using standardized questionnaires, specifically the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation. Results: There were no differences …

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Cardiac Transplant Recipient With Covid-19 Induced Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure: A Case Report, Ariyon Schreiber, Kalaimani Elango, Kimberly Hong, Chowdhury Ahsan Jun 2021

Cardiac Transplant Recipient With Covid-19 Induced Acute Hypoxic Respiratory Failure: A Case Report, Ariyon Schreiber, Kalaimani Elango, Kimberly Hong, Chowdhury Ahsan

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Heart transplant recipients represent a particularly vulnerable patient population to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to chronic immunosuppression and high rates of comorbidities. Currently, data are limited and evidence to guide management of heart transplant recipients with COVID-19 is sparse. In this case report, we provide a summary of the current literature as well as an in-depth analysis of our clinical decision-making. Case summary: A 67-year-old female who underwent cardiac transplantation 1 year prior was found to have acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Her immunosuppressant medications were modulated with discontinuation of mycophenolate and titration of …

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The Effect Of Ankle Taping On The Kinematics Of The Lower Extremity While Running On Level, Inclined, And Declined Slopes, Dominique Cava, Derek M. R. Kivi, Paolo Sanzo, Carlos Zerpa Jun 2021

The Effect Of Ankle Taping On The Kinematics Of The Lower Extremity While Running On Level, Inclined, And Declined Slopes, Dominique Cava, Derek M. R. Kivi, Paolo Sanzo, Carlos Zerpa

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 2: Issue 1, Article 8, 2021. Therapeutic taping is often prescribed as a treatment for various overuse injuries in the lower extremity. Researchers believe that taping may control the position and alter alignment of the calcaneus to correct foot pathologies when applied to the ankle in runners, however, the utility and specific mechanical effects of different taping techniques remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of ankle taping (no tape (NT), Kinesiotape® (KT), or Leukotape® (LT)) across different slope conditions (level, inclined, and declined) on the kinematics of …

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Required Longitudinal Service-Learning And Its Effects On Medical Students’ Attitudes Toward The Underserved, Monica Rose Arebalos, Faun Lee Botor, Edward Simanton, Jennifer Young Jun 2021

Required Longitudinal Service-Learning And Its Effects On Medical Students’ Attitudes Toward The Underserved, Monica Rose Arebalos, Faun Lee Botor, Edward Simanton, Jennifer Young

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Although medical students enter medicine with altruistic motives and seek to serve indigent populations, studies show that medical students’ attitudes towards the undeserved tend to worsen significantly as they go through their medical education. This finding emphasizes the need for medical educators to implement activities such as service-learning that may help mitigate this negative trend. All students at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) School of Medicine are required to participate in longitudinal service-learning throughout medical school, and a majority of students interact with the underserved at their service-learning sites. Using the previously validated Medical Student Attitudes Towards the …

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Molecular Screening And Analysis Reveal Novel Oral Site-Specific Locations For The Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia Wiggsiae, Steven Mcdaniel, Jaydene Mcdaniel, Katherine M. Howard, Karl Kingsley Jun 2021

Molecular Screening And Analysis Reveal Novel Oral Site-Specific Locations For The Cariogenic Pathogen Scardovia Wiggsiae, Steven Mcdaniel, Jaydene Mcdaniel, Katherine M. Howard, Karl Kingsley

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Introduction: Scardovia wiggsiae (SW) is a newly identified cariogenic pathogen associated with severe early childhood caries and oral disease. New studies have confirmed the presence of this organism among clinical samples from both pediatric and adult patients. However, the recent discovery of this organism has left researchers with only limited information available regarding the prevalence of this organism—and virtually no information regarding oral site-specific locations. Based upon this lack of information, the overall objective of this study was to perform an oral site-specific analysis of SW prevalence from clinical samples. Methods: Using an approved human subjects protocol, samples (n = …

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Reliability, Validity, And Unidimensionality Of The Korean Version Of The Pornography Craving Questionnaire Based On The Classical Test Theory And Item Response Theory, Se-Rae Kim, Soo-Young Bhang, Eun Young Lim, Sun Huh, Sang-Kyu Lee, Shane W. Kraus, Marc N. Potenza Jun 2021

Reliability, Validity, And Unidimensionality Of The Korean Version Of The Pornography Craving Questionnaire Based On The Classical Test Theory And Item Response Theory, Se-Rae Kim, Soo-Young Bhang, Eun Young Lim, Sun Huh, Sang-Kyu Lee, Shane W. Kraus, Marc N. Potenza

Psychology Faculty Research

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Pornography Craving Questionnaire (K-PCQ) using classical test theory and item response theory. Methods The goodness of fit test and differential item functioning (DIF) analysis based on the Rasch model, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and correlation analysis were used to test its reliability and validity. Results Response data from 226 students were analyzed. According to the goodness of fit test, the outfit mean square value of only one item, Item 11, was greater than 2. The CFA results revealed that all …

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Effects Of Birth Month On Talent Identification Participation And The Identification Process In Sports, Junjiro Kubo, Seidai Nishikawa, Yasunori Morioka, Hideyuki Arikawa, Keiichi Tamaki Jun 2021

Effects Of Birth Month On Talent Identification Participation And The Identification Process In Sports, Junjiro Kubo, Seidai Nishikawa, Yasunori Morioka, Hideyuki Arikawa, Keiichi Tamaki

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 2: Issue 1, Article 7, 2021. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of the birth month on Talent Identification (TI) participation and the identification process in sports. The subjects were 4th grade elementary school children (mean age, 9±5.8 years) who participated in the Talent Identification Project. The method of identification was two-stage. In the first stage, the 30 m sprint, standing broad jump, and medicine ball front throw (1 kg) were performed, and 99 boys and 97 girls with high overall scores were selected to participate in the second …

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A Screen For Sleep And Starvation Resistance Identifies A Wake-Promoting Role For The Auxiliary Channel Unc79, Kazuma Murakami, Justin Palermo, Bethany A. Stanhope, Allen G. Gibbs, Alex C. Keene Jun 2021

A Screen For Sleep And Starvation Resistance Identifies A Wake-Promoting Role For The Auxiliary Channel Unc79, Kazuma Murakami, Justin Palermo, Bethany A. Stanhope, Allen G. Gibbs, Alex C. Keene

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The regulation of sleep and metabolism are highly interconnected, and dysregulation of sleep is linked to metabolic diseases that include obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Furthermore, both acute and long-term changes in diet potently impact sleep duration and quality. To identify novel factors that modulate interactions between sleep and metabolic state, we performed a genetic screen for their roles in regulating sleep duration, starvation resistance, and starvation-dependent modulation of sleep. This screen identified a number of genes with potential roles in regulating sleep, metabolism, or both processes. One such gene encodes the auxiliary ion channel UNC79, which was implicated in …

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Helping Mothers Survive: Program Evaluation And Early Outcomes Of Maternal Care Training In The Dominican Republic, Meghan Smith, Alexandra Leader, Wanny Roa, Ericka Jaramillo, Davina Lazala, Jose Flores, Claudia Cadet, Ruraj Vazifedan, Suzanne Bentley, Lloyd Jensen Jun 2021

Helping Mothers Survive: Program Evaluation And Early Outcomes Of Maternal Care Training In The Dominican Republic, Meghan Smith, Alexandra Leader, Wanny Roa, Ericka Jaramillo, Davina Lazala, Jose Flores, Claudia Cadet, Ruraj Vazifedan, Suzanne Bentley, Lloyd Jensen

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Introduction: In 2017, approximately 295,000 women died during and immediately following pregnancy and childbirth worldwide, with 94% of these deaths occurring in low-resource settings. The Dominican Republic (DR) exhibits one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean despite the fact that 99% of registered births in the country are reportedly attended by a skilled birth attendant. This paradox implies that programs to support healthcare worker knowledge and skills improvement are vital to improving maternal health outcomes in the DR. Helping Mothers Survive (HMS) is a provider training program developed by Jhpiego and …

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Factors That Determine Comprehensive Categorical Classification Of Ehr Implementation Levels, Soumya Upadhyay, William Opoku-Agyeman Jun 2021

Factors That Determine Comprehensive Categorical Classification Of Ehr Implementation Levels, Soumya Upadhyay, William Opoku-Agyeman

Healthcare Administration and Policy Faculty Research

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have the potential to alleviate patient safety mistakes. Of the various levels of EHR, advanced or higher-level functionalities of EHR are designed to improve patient safety. Certain organizational and environmental factors may pose as barriers toward implementing all of the functionalities, leaving certain hospitals intermediate between basic and comprehensive levels of implementation. This study identifies a comprehensive categorical classification that includes hospitals that have functionalities between basic and comprehensive levels of EHR and determines the organizational and environmental factors that may influence hospitals to implement one or more combinations of these categories. A longitudinal panel design …

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Assessment Of Microrna (Mir)-365 Effects On Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line Phenotypes, Jeffery Coon, Karl Kingsley Jun 2021

Assessment Of Microrna (Mir)-365 Effects On Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell Line Phenotypes, Jeffery Coon, Karl Kingsley

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

miR-365 is a microRNA that regulates transcription and has been demonstrated to promote oncogenesis and metastasis in some cancers while suppressing these effects in others. Virtually no information is known about the presence or function of miR-365 in oral cancers. Based upon this information, the primary goal of this project was to evaluate the expression of miR-365 in existing oral cancer cell lines. Five commercially available oral cancer cell lines (SCC4, SCC9, SCC15, SCC25, and CAL27) were obtained and cultured. RNA was then screened by PCR using primers specific for miR-365, as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) and a downstream …

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Influence Of The Request And Purchase Of Television Advertised Foods On Dietary Intake And Obesity Among Children In China, Jinli Xian, Mao Zeng, Zhengjie Cai, Changxiao Xie, Yuqian Xie, Manoj Sharma, Yong Zhao, Zumin Shi Jun 2021

Influence Of The Request And Purchase Of Television Advertised Foods On Dietary Intake And Obesity Among Children In China, Jinli Xian, Mao Zeng, Zhengjie Cai, Changxiao Xie, Yuqian Xie, Manoj Sharma, Yong Zhao, Zumin Shi

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background: This study aims to examine the effects of the request and purchase of Television (TV) advertised foods on children’s dietary intake, overweight and obesity in China. Methods: Data from 1417 children (aged 6–17 years) in the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey were analysed. The request and purchase of TV advertised foods were assessed through the frequency of children’s requests to purchase TV advertised foods and the frequency of parents’ purchases of these advertised foods, as well as the frequency of children’s purchases of TV advertised foods. The height and weight of children were measured. Logistic regression models were …

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Microbial Screening Reveals Oral Site-Specific Locations Of The Periodontal Pathogen Selenomonas Noxia, Jaydene Mcdaniel, Steven Mcdaniel, Beanca Jhanine Samiano, Matthew Marrujo, Karl Kingsley, Katherine M. Howard Jun 2021

Microbial Screening Reveals Oral Site-Specific Locations Of The Periodontal Pathogen Selenomonas Noxia, Jaydene Mcdaniel, Steven Mcdaniel, Beanca Jhanine Samiano, Matthew Marrujo, Karl Kingsley, Katherine M. Howard

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Introduction: Selenomonas noxia (SN) is an important periodontal pathogen, associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. Many studies have found associations between SN and indicators of poor health outcomes, such as smoking, low socioeconomic status and obesity. However, less is known about the prevalence of this organism and more specifically about other oral site-specific locations that may harbor this organism. Methods: Using an existing patient repository (n = 47) of DNA isolated from saliva and other oral sites (n = 235), including the dorsum of the tongue, lower lingual incisor, upper buccal molar and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), molecular screening for SN …

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Impact Of Nutrition-Based Interventions On Athletic Performance During Menstrual Cycle Phases: A Review, Macy M. Helm, Graham R. Mcginnis, Arpita Basu Jun 2021

Impact Of Nutrition-Based Interventions On Athletic Performance During Menstrual Cycle Phases: A Review, Macy M. Helm, Graham R. Mcginnis, Arpita Basu

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

Despite the steady increase in female participation in sport over the last two decades, comprehensive research on interventions attenuating the influence of female menstrual physiology on performance remains scarce. Studies involving eumenorrheic women often only test in one menstrual phase to limit sex hormone variance, which may restrict the application of these findings to the rest of the menstrual cycle. The impacts of nutrition-based interventions on athletic performance throughout the menstrual cycle have not been fully elucidated. We addressed this gap by conducting a focused critical review of clinical studies that reported athletic outcomes as well as menstrual status for …

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Postsecondary Educational Attainment And Health Among Younger U.S. Adults In The “College-For-All” Era, Anna Zajacova, Elizabeth Lawrence Jun 2021

Postsecondary Educational Attainment And Health Among Younger U.S. Adults In The “College-For-All” Era, Anna Zajacova, Elizabeth Lawrence

Sociology Faculty Research

Population-health research has neglected differentiation within postsecondary educational attainments. This gap is critical to understanding health inequality because college experience with no degree, vocational/technical certificates, and associate degrees may affect health differently. We examine health across detailed postsecondary attainment levels. We analyze data on 14,750 respondents in Waves I and IV of the nationally representative Add Health panel spanning adolescence to ages 26 to 34. Multivariate regression and counterfactual approaches to minimize the impact of confounders estimate multiple health outcomes across postsecondary attainment levels. Compared to high school diplomas, we find significant returns to bachelor’s degrees for most health outcomes …

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Propensity Score Analysis Assessing The Burden Of Non-Communicable Diseases Among The Transgender Population In The United States Using The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2017–2019), Jennifer R. Pharr, Kavita Batra Jun 2021

Propensity Score Analysis Assessing The Burden Of Non-Communicable Diseases Among The Transgender Population In The United States Using The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2017–2019), Jennifer R. Pharr, Kavita Batra

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Research to assess the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the transgender population needs to be prioritized given the high prevalence of chronic conditions and associated risk factors in this group. Previous cross-sectional studies utilized unmatched samples with a significant covariate imbalance resulting in a selection bias. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempts to assess and compare the burden of NCDs among propensity score-matched transgender and cisgender population groups. This study analyzed Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (2017–2019) using complex weighting procedures to generate nationally representative samples. Logistic regression was fit to estimate propensity scores. Transgender and cisgender groups were …

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Impact Of Neoantigen Expression And T-Cell Activation On Breast Cancer Survival, Wenjing Li, Amei Amei, Francis Bui, Saba Norouzifar, Lingeng Lu, Zuoheng Wang Jun 2021

Impact Of Neoantigen Expression And T-Cell Activation On Breast Cancer Survival, Wenjing Li, Amei Amei, Francis Bui, Saba Norouzifar, Lingeng Lu, Zuoheng Wang

Mathematical Sciences Faculty Research

Neoantigens are derived from tumor-specific somatic mutations. Neoantigen-based syn-thesized peptides have been under clinical investigation to boost cancer immunotherapy efficacy. The promising results prompt us to further elucidate the effect of neoantigen expression on patient survival in breast cancer. We applied Kaplan–Meier survival and multivariable Cox regression models to evaluate the effect of neoantigen expression and its interaction with T-cell activation on overall survival in a cohort of 729 breast cancer patients. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were used to assess the relationships between neoantigen expression and clinical pathological variables. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to identify correlations between neoantigen expression, mutation …

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American Association For The Surgery Of Trauma Prevention Committee Review: Family Justice Centers-A Not-So-Novel, But Unknown Gem, Thomas K. Duncan, Ronald Stewart, Kimberly Joseph, Deborah A. Kuhls, Tracey Dechert, Sharven Taghavi, Stephanie Bonne, Kazuhide Matsushima Jun 2021

American Association For The Surgery Of Trauma Prevention Committee Review: Family Justice Centers-A Not-So-Novel, But Unknown Gem, Thomas K. Duncan, Ronald Stewart, Kimberly Joseph, Deborah A. Kuhls, Tracey Dechert, Sharven Taghavi, Stephanie Bonne, Kazuhide Matsushima

School of Medicine Faculty Research

The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma requires that trauma centers demonstrate adequate financial support for an injury prevention program as part of the verification process. With the ongoing challenges that arise with important social determinants of health, trauma centers have the important task of navigating a patient through the complex process of obtaining services and tools for success. This summary from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Prevention Committee focuses on a model that has been present for several years, but has not been brought to full awareness in the trauma world. It highlights the importance …

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Longitudinal Curricular Assessment Of Knowledge And Awareness Of Intimate Partner Violence Among First-Year Dental Students, Charles Buchanan, Karl Kingsley, Rhonda J. Everett Jun 2021

Longitudinal Curricular Assessment Of Knowledge And Awareness Of Intimate Partner Violence Among First-Year Dental Students, Charles Buchanan, Karl Kingsley, Rhonda J. Everett

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has previously been recognized as a major public health issue. Oral healthcare providers, such as dentists, are crucial to the screening and identifying of individuals experiencing IPV, since most injuries occur in the head and neck region. A lack of knowledge and awareness regarding teaching and learning about IPV in dental school curricula has been identified. Based upon the overall lack of knowledge, the objective of this study was to conduct a longitudinal assessment of knowledge, awareness, and beliefs regarding IPV among dental students in their first year of education. Methods: All students (n = …

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Synergistic Effects Of Incident Diabetes Between Snoring, Family History Of Diabetes, And Obesity, Yoo-Jeong Jeon, Seung Ku Lee, Jin-Young Kim, Chol Shin Jun 2021

Synergistic Effects Of Incident Diabetes Between Snoring, Family History Of Diabetes, And Obesity, Yoo-Jeong Jeon, Seung Ku Lee, Jin-Young Kim, Chol Shin

Nursing Faculty Research

Objective: The general public recognizes the connections between obesity, family history of diabetes (FHD), and diabetes, but remains unaware of synergistic effects that occur due to their combination. In this study, we investigate the synergistic effects of event diabetes between snoring, FHD, and obesity. Materials and Methods: Study subjects were selected among participants in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Ansan- Ansung cohort, an ongoing prospective population-based study. Ansan-Ansung cohort initiated in 2001 and 2002 and has been followed biennially. At baseline, the initial cohort of 10.030 subjects, aged 40 to 69 years. A total of 5.759 participants were included …

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The Impact Of Educational Resources And Perceived Preparedness On Medical Education Performance, Justin Bauzon, Amalie Alver, Vishvaas Ravikumar, Adrian Devera, Tatiana Mikhael, Rafae Nauman, Edward Simanton May 2021

The Impact Of Educational Resources And Perceived Preparedness On Medical Education Performance, Justin Bauzon, Amalie Alver, Vishvaas Ravikumar, Adrian Devera, Tatiana Mikhael, Rafae Nauman, Edward Simanton

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Introduction: Undergraduate medical education has evolved necessarily with the increasing utilization of technology and the availability of ancillary resources developed for medical students. However, medical educational resources are expensive and there have been few studies validating these resources for their ability to significantly modify student exam performance. Methods: A post-exam survey was devised to evaluate medical students for resource usage, student-perceived preparedness, and exam performance. Results: Students who felt more prepared for exams performed better than students who felt less prepared (p =.017). Students who watched didactic lectures online and those who utilized peer-to-peer tutoring outperformed students who did not …

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Serum Micronutrient Status, Sleep Quality And Neurobehavioral Function Among Early Adolescents, Xiaopeng Ji, Charlene W. Compher, Sharon Y. Irving, Jinyoung Kim, David F. Dinges, Jianghong Liu May 2021

Serum Micronutrient Status, Sleep Quality And Neurobehavioral Function Among Early Adolescents, Xiaopeng Ji, Charlene W. Compher, Sharon Y. Irving, Jinyoung Kim, David F. Dinges, Jianghong Liu

Nursing Faculty Research

Objective: To examine associations between serum micronutrients and neurobehavioral function and the mediating role of sleep quality in early adolescents. Design: In this cross-sectional study, peripheral blood samples were analyzed for iron and zinc levels. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery were used to assess sleep quality and neurobehavioral function, respectively. The generalized linear regressions (bootstrap) were performed to estimate the associations. Setting: Jintan, China Participants: 226 adolescents (106 females) from the Jintan Child Cohort study. Results: Adolescents with low iron (< 75 ug/dl) (OR=1.29, p=0.04) and low zinc (< 70 ug/dl) (OR=1.58, p0.05). Conclusion: Iron and zinc deficiencies may possibly be associated with poor sleep and neurobehavioral function among early adolescents. Poor sleep may partially mediate the relationship between micronutrients and neurobehavioral function.

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Alzheimer’S Disease Drug Development Pipeline: 2021, Jeffrey Cummings, Garam Lee, Kate Zhong, Jorge Fonseca, Kazem Taghva May 2021

Alzheimer’S Disease Drug Development Pipeline: 2021, Jeffrey Cummings, Garam Lee, Kate Zhong, Jorge Fonseca, Kazem Taghva

Brain Health Faculty Research

Introduction The number of individuals worldwide with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is growing at a rapid rate. New treatments are urgently needed. We review the current pipeline of drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Methods We interrogated ClinicalTrials.gov, the federal registry of clinical trials to identify drugs in trials. Results There are 126 agents in 152 trials assessing new therapies for AD: 28 treatments in Phase 3 trials, 74 in Phase 2, and 24 in Phase 1. The majority of drugs in trials (82.5%) target the underlying biology of AD with the intent of disease modification; 10.3% are …

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Scaling Up Information Sharing On Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Raising Awareness And Knowledge Among Key Stakeholders, Renato M. Liboro, Paul A. Shuper, Lori E. Ross May 2021

Scaling Up Information Sharing On Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Raising Awareness And Knowledge Among Key Stakeholders, Renato M. Liboro, Paul A. Shuper, Lori E. Ross

Psychology Faculty Research

Although the majority of specialists and researchers in the field of HIV/AIDS are aware and knowledgeable about HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) as a condition that affects as much as 50% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), research has documented that many health care and service providers who work directly with PLWH are either unaware of HAND or believe they do not know enough information about HAND to effectively support their clients experiencing neurocognitive challenges. Based on the findings of a qualitative study that interviewed 33 health care and service providers in HIV/AIDS services to identify and examine their awareness and …

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Conceptualization Of College Students' Covid-19 Related Mask-Wearing Behaviors Using The Multi-Theory Model Of Health Behavior Change, Robert E. Davis, Manoj Sharma, Kayla E. Simon, Amanda H. Wilkerson May 2021

Conceptualization Of College Students' Covid-19 Related Mask-Wearing Behaviors Using The Multi-Theory Model Of Health Behavior Change, Robert E. Davis, Manoj Sharma, Kayla E. Simon, Amanda H. Wilkerson

Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Presentations

Background: Recommendations and policies, regarding the use of face coverings, have been instituted to control transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of psychosocial factors related to the use of face coverings within the context of COVID-19 is needed. This study aimed to conceptualize mask-wearing behavior among students using the Multi-theory Model (MTM) of behavior change. Methods: In October 2020, students (n = 595) enrolled in a large public southeastern US university were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey, using a valid and reliable instrument. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate techniques described mask-wearing behavior and differentiated theoretical drivers of mask-wearing …

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Conceptualization Of College Students' Covid-19 Related Mask-Wearing Behaviors Using The Multi-Theory Model Of Health Behavior Change, Robert E. Davis, Manoj Sharma, Kayla E. Simon, Amanda H. Wilkerson May 2021

Conceptualization Of College Students' Covid-19 Related Mask-Wearing Behaviors Using The Multi-Theory Model Of Health Behavior Change, Robert E. Davis, Manoj Sharma, Kayla E. Simon, Amanda H. Wilkerson

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background: Recommendations and policies, regarding the use of face coverings, have been instituted to control transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding of psychosocial factors related to the use of face coverings within the context of COVID-19 is needed. This study aimed to conceptualize mask-wearing behavior among students using the Multi-theory Model (MTM) of behavior change. Methods: In October 2020, students (n = 595) enrolled in a large public southeastern US university were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey, using a valid and reliable instrument. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate techniques described mask-wearing behavior and differentiated theoretical drivers of mask-wearing …

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