Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Blood Transfusion Factors That Affect The Outcomes Of Patients Who Experienced Trauma-Related Hemorrhage, Justin Lee Miller

All ETDs from UAB

Trauma is a leading cause of death in the United States and in the world. It is the leading cause of death of Americans between the ages of one to 45 years old and is expected to increase due to increase over the next ten years. Most trauma deaths are attributed to hemorrhage and are considered preventable. The current standard of care for trauma-related hemorrhage (TRH) is damage control resuscitation using either whole blood (WB) or blood components (BC) in a ratio of 1 unit of red blood cells to 1 unit of plasma to 1 unit of platelets. The …

O-Glcnacylation And Modulation Of Gabaergic Transmission, Shekinah Phillips

All ETDs from UAB

Changes in the strength of GABAergic transmission is heavily influenced by posttranslational modifications and allosteric modulators like benzodiazepines and neurosteroids. O-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification that is tightly regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which add or remove the O-GlcNAc moiety of β–N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues on proteins, respectively. Published reports from our lab have demonstrated that an acute increase in O-GlcNAcylation induces a long-term depression (LTD) of evoked GABAAR mediated IPSCs (eIPSCs) and reduces the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous IPSC (sIPSC) in hippocampal principal cells, however the mechanism in which this occurs is …

Elementary Cone Photoreceptor Signals In V1 Neurons, Cyril Nyankerh

All ETDs from UAB

Daylight vision is initiated by the activation of cone photoreceptors in the retina in response to light, thereby generating spatial and temporal patterns of photoreceptor signals. Subsequent to this, the signals are combined and processed in downstream neural circuits, ultimately contributing to the formation of receptive fields of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). Recent advances in adaptive optics (AO) have enabled imaging of the retina with near diffraction limited resolution, allowing for the probing of the visual system's processing at the resolution of individual cones. The central theme of this dissertation characterizes quantitively and qualitatively the physiological responses of …

The T Cell Response In A Mouse Model Of Multiple System Atrophy, Nicole Jane Corbin-Stein

All ETDs from UAB

Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a fatal and rare demyelinating synucleinopathy, characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) within oligodendrocytes. This condition is marked by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration in areas showing GCI pathology, involving antigen presentation by myeloid cells and infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite strong evidence of neuroinflammation in post-mortem MSA tissue, the specific mechanisms driving the disease pathogenesis remain elusive. In prior research using the Olig001-SYN mouse model, which involves the modified AAV vector, it was shown that depleting CD4+ T cells can reduce neuroinflammation and demyelination. Notably, this …

Beyond Chronic Fatigue: Studying The Role Of Neuroinflammation, Glutamate, And Glutamine, Indonesia Alohn Jordan

All ETDs from UAB

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, multifaceted disease characterized by persistent, severe fatigue lasting six months or longer that is not relieved by rest. An estimated 20 million people worldwide suffer from ME/CFS. ME/CFS has long been suspected to be a post-viral illness, as viral infections can stimulate inflammatory cytokine production. Millions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are also predicted to develop persistent symptoms that mimic ME/CFS symptomology after the resolution of the acute infection, referred to as Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Inflammatory mediators produced by sustained microglia activation have been shown to lead to illness …

Impact Of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregates On Synaptic Structure In The Amygdala, Nolwazi Zakithi Gcwensa

All ETDs from UAB

Parkinson’s disease is the most common motor neurodegenerative and is characterized by intracellular inclusions of misfolded protein α-synuclein termed Lewy Pathology. At least 80% of PD sufferers also experience non-motor symptoms along with, and sometimes preceding, the motor symptoms. Symptoms such as apathy, hallucinations, anxiety and depression could be caused by α-synuclein inclusions causing dysfunction in the amygdala. Lewy pathology in the amygdala of PD patients is robust and has also been observed in a number of other diseases like Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's disease. In our lab, we have shown that using preformed fibrils to induce α-synuclein …

Investigation On The Epigenetic Mechanisms Modified By Dietary Phytochemicals In Inhibiting Mammary Cancer, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman

All ETDs from UAB

Breast cancer (BC) is global burden for the health of women. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women in the United States. One in every eight women in the USA has a chance of developing invasive BC in her lifetime. The limitations of the available therapeutics for BC treatment have brought the dietary prevention of BC to the attention of the scientific community as a safe, natural, and easy to implement therapeutic strategy. In this regard, our laboratory with many other laboratories have demonstrated the anti-BC effect of …

The Effect Of Lower Limb Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation On The Muscle And Metabolic Health After Acute Spinal Cord Injury, Amal Alharbi

All ETDs from UAB

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event with long-term consequences for individuals and their families. It causes immediate disruption to neuronal pathways, leading to paralysis and loss of muscle function below the injury level. A few weeks after the injury, there is a rapid decline in contractile activity, muscle mass, and cross-sectional area. This leads to muscle fiber degeneration and a shift towards a higher proportion of fast glycolytic fibers, which are more prone to fatigue and less efficient in energy utilization. Severe muscle atrophy in SCI is closely linked to metabolic dysfunction, affecting overall health and rehabilitation recovery. …

Hydrogen Peroxide Regulates Protein N-Glycosylation, Alexandria Hernandez-Nichols

All ETDs from UAB

N-glycosylation is a co- and post-translational modification wherein a variety of sugars are added to proteins in a linear pathway progressing from high mannose (HM) to hybrid, to complex type N-glycans. This modification is important to the understanding of protein maturation, stability, and function. Studies have shown that changes in cell N-glycomes, in particular, the HM N-glycan category, could be hallmarks of various pathologies. The biosynthetic pathway for N-glycosylation is well studied and the key enzymes involved in the progression of HM to hybrid N-glycans are the a-mannosidases. Little is understood about the regulation of this highly complex post-translational modification …

Prevention Of Spina Bifida Through Fortification Of Iodized Salt With Folic Acid, Anastasia Arynchyna Smith

All ETDs from UAB

The overarching goal of the three-paper dissertation is to address the gaps in the literature on the clinical care burden of preventable spina bifida on the global neurosurgical community and the need for a universal food vehicle for fortification with folic acid as a novel prevention strategy. It is known that sufficient intake of folic acid is imperative to prevent neural tube defects (spina bifida) in the developing fetus in the first month post-conception. It is also known that fortifying staple foods is the most cost-saving and effective prevention method. However, very few countries have mandatory fortification policies. Therefore, the …

Interactions Between Oral Cancer Cells And Enterococcus Fecalis And Their Impact On Perineural Invasion, Sree Ramya Bhamidipaati

All ETDs from UAB

Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OSCC and OPSCC) are some of the most common cancers in the world. The overall 5-year survival rate is 68.5%, which drops to 39.3% in patients with later-stage cancers. This research aims to evaluate the effects of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) on the OSCC and OPSCC's tumor progression. E. faecalis is associated with asymptomatic, persistent endodontic infections and was found at a higher rate in OSCC patients. We hypothesize that cancer cells and Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) interact to affect the tumorigenic properties of oral cancer cells. OSCC cells from different parts of the oral …

It's A Man's World: The Association Between Safe Sex Practices, Relationship Power, & Resilience Among African American Emerging Adults Between 18-24 In The Deep South, Jessica Morgan

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this dissertation was to examine the impact that power imbalance has on safe sex practices among African American emerging adults. The objectives included: provide a thorough review of preexisting literature that explores the impact of power imbalance on safe sex practices among African American women; understand the impact that power imbalance has on safe sex practices among African American emerging adults comparing data from men and women; and understand if resilience is associated with power imbalance among African American emerging adult women in the United States. Utilizing a retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative study design, three methods were used …

Analyzing The Predicted Impact Of Published Scn5a Variants In Juvenile-Onset Sick Sinus Syndrome, Snekha Rajasandra, Aleksandra Foksinska, Camerron Crowder, Matthew Might

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2024 Summer Expo Poster Presentation

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Psychometric Evaluation Of A Perceived Barriers To Medication Adherence Instrument And Association Between Perceived Barriers And Patient Characteristics, Lynn Andreae

All ETDs from UAB

Medication adherence is an important component of diabetes management, yet nonadherence is common and has substantial patient and economic costs. In order to achieve meaningful improvements in medication adherence, clinicians and researchers need good ways of both identifying those at risk of nonadherence and ascertaining the specific reasons driving nonadherence in those patients. Current options for self-reported medication adherence are limited in their vulnerability to response bias, which may lead to overestimation of adherence. A measure that assesses perceived barriers to medication adherence may be a useful alternative, as it may identify patients at risk of nonadherence while reducing socially …

Physical And Optical Properties Of Material Used For Injection Molding, Nadia Christine Farias Machado

All ETDs from UAB

Background: This project investigates the materials used in injection molding dental resin composites which involves injecting flowable composite into a clear mold. Understanding the physical and optical properties of both the resin composite and the clear mold material is crucial for successful clinical outcomes. For the clear mold material, its translucency, curing light transmission, and rigidity are vital factors. Correlations may be present between trans-lucency and curing light transmission. For the resin composite, comparing wear, hardness, translucency, radiopacity, shrinkage stress, flexural strength, and modulus will affect mate-rial performance. Finally, the depth of cure of the material will be dependent on …

Uab School Of Nursing Ai Taskforce: Transforming Nursing Education At Uab, Matthew Jennings Med, Chris Hickman Msis, Tonya Judson Dnp, Rn, Ni-Bc, Cne, Benjamin J. Galatzan Phd, Rn, Tedra S. Smith Dnp, Cpnp-Pc, Cne, Chse, Carrie Beth Littleton Dnp, Rn, Cnecl, Chse, Penni Watts Phd, Rn, Chse-A, Fssh, Faan

School of Nursing Professional Posters

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Beyond The Balance Sheet: Investigating The Association Between Nha Turnover And Nursing Home Financial Performance, Rohit Pradhan, Akbar Ghiasi, Ganisher Davlyatov, Gregory N. Orewa, Robert Weech-Maldonado

APC Fund

Introduction: Nursing homes (NHs) serve as a safety net for vulnerable populations such as older adults and people with disabilities. Nursing Home Administrators (NHAs) play a crucial role in managing the daily operations of NHs, including overseeing direct care staff and establishing the facility’s strategic direction. Unfortunately, NHs have consistently faced high NHA turnover rates, which have been linked to poor organizational performance. This study aims to investigate the relationship between NHA turnover and financial performance in NHs.
Methods: Using an integrated perspective based on the upper echelons theory and the resource-based view of the firm, we investigated the association …

Concordance In Medical Urgency Classification Of Discharge Diagnoses And Reasons For Visit, Theodoros V. Giannouchos, Benjamin Ukert, Brad Wright

APC Fund

Importance Current policies to divert emergency department (ED) visits for less medically urgent conditions to more cost-effective settings rely on retrospective adjudication of discharge diagnoses. However, patients present to the ED with concerns, making it challenging for clinicians.

Objective To characterize ED visits based on the medical urgency of the presenting reasons for visit and to explore the concordance between discharge diagnoses and reasons for visit.

Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, a nationwide sample of ED visits by adults (aged ≥18 years) in the US from the 2018 and 2019 calendar years’ ED data of the …

Public Health For Dummies, Snigdha Sahai, Devaki C. Yellappa

Books

Public Health for Dummies is a guide that aims to demystify the world of public health with a touch of humor, a splash of raw honesty, and a generous dose of practical insights. This book is not just a roadmap for aspiring public health professionals; it’s a celebration of the diverse ways in which public health impacts our daily lives, whether we realize it or not. Public health often gets overshadowed by the glamorous fields of clinical medicine or high-tech health innovations. But behind the scenes, it is the unsung hero that ensures clean drinking water, advocates for vaccination campaigns, …

Uab Nursing - Fall 2024, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

UAB Nursing magazine

No abstract provided.

Does Ceo Education Matter? The Relationship Between Doctoral-Educated Hospital Ceos And Organizational Performance, Kofi Ali Cash

All ETDs from UAB

One of the most pressing issues in healthcare strategic leadership research is identifying which hospital chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics possess a significant and favorable relationship to organizational performance. However, little is known about the relationship between hospitals led by doctoral-educated CEOs and organizational performance. This study adds to our knowledge by examining the relationship between doctoral-educated hospital CEOs and selected financial and patient safety outcomes. UET served as the theoretical framework and guided the examination of the relationship between the selected dependent and independent variables. This study’s population included 509 acute-care hospitals across nine states, requiring a minimum four-year …

Impact Of Federally Qualified Health Centers (Fqhc) And Look-Alikes (Fqhc Lal) Participating In The 340b Drug Pricing Program, Shannon Burger

All ETDs from UAB

The 340B Drug Pricing Program intends to enable community health providers to deliver care more easily to vulnerable populations. Safety net providers were designated as eligible entities through an act of Congress and were allowed access to prescription drug savings. Existing studies have focused on hospital participation in the program, overlooking the impact of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) and FQHC Look-alikes (FQHC LAL) and legislative intent. This study aimed to fill this gap by comparing the effectiveness of FQHCs and FQHC LALs participating in the 340B Drug Pricing Program. Specifically, the study examined the influence of the status of …

Catecholamines And Catecholamine Resistance In Animal Models Of Metabolic Syndrome, Robert Follett Rosencrans

All ETDs from UAB

The sympathetic nervous system is a key regulator of energy homeostasis, in part, through the control of white adipose tissue lipolysis. Sympathetic nerves modulate adipose tissue physiology through the release of catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine, onto alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors (a-AR; B-AR). Lipolysis refers to the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids, often in response to activation of B2/3-AR. Beta adrenergic activation of lipolysis is widely known to be impaired in patients with metabolic syndrome and animal models thereof (catecholamine resistance). Recent studies have demonstrated that catecholamine regulation of adipokine release is also disrupted, suggesting that catecholamine resistance …

Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody (Anca) Positive Vasculitis In An Elderly Male, Peter Abdelmessih, Oseyime Okoeguale, Blake Bauer, John Fanning

UAB Huntsville Research Day - All Presentations

2024 clinical vignette poster

Massive Splenomegaly Revealing Long-Neglected Essential Thrombocythemia: A Case Report, Pierce Elliott, Timothy Pham, Pranayraj Kondapally, Hinal Rathi, Alan Baggett

UAB Huntsville Research Day - All Presentations

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Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Is A Rare Cause Of Pulmonary Arterary Hypertension, Ahmed Ali, Wesam Hritani, Farrah Ibrahim, Abdul Hritani

UAB Huntsville Research Day - All Presentations

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Urinothorax: A Unique Case Of Exudative Pleural Effusion, Ahmed Ali, Jesse Faulk

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A Unique Case Of Primary Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Presenting With Bilateral Lung Nodules, Soumyadeep Bag, Farrah Ibrahim, Ali Hachem, Zohra Chaudhry

UAB Huntsville Research Day - All Presentations

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Single Swollen Joint In A Child - To Worry Or Not To Worry, Nancy Blevins, Seth Hunt

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Sildenafil’S Remarkable Impact In Near-Drowning Survival, Audrey Driver, Pashitha Nimmagadda, Kiyoshi Scissum

UAB Huntsville Research Day - All Presentations

2024 clinical vignette poster