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Articles 91 - 110 of 110
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Characterization Of Membrane Associated Mucins In Ocular Surface Disease, Anna Ablamowicz
Characterization Of Membrane Associated Mucins In Ocular Surface Disease, Anna Ablamowicz
All ETDs from UAB
Mucins on the ocular surface are found in the tear film and are attached to corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells on the eye. The bulbar conjunctiva of the ocular surface can be divided into four anatomical regions: temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior. The palpebral conjunctiva is the epithelial layer of the inner surfaces of the upper and lower eyelids. In the tears, mucins provide lubrication of the ocular surface through formation of a hydrophilic gel. The primary mucin in the tear film is MUC5AC which is secreted by goblet cells that are located in varying densities within the bulbar conjunctiva. …
Culture And Patient Safety Outcomes: Examining The Impact Of The Departmental Work Environment On Outcomes, Dawn Ahner
Culture And Patient Safety Outcomes: Examining The Impact Of The Departmental Work Environment On Outcomes, Dawn Ahner
All ETDs from UAB
This study examined the relationship between the departmental work environment and patient safety outcomes to determine if there were particular subcomponents of a department’s work environment that had a more significant impact on patient safety outcomes. The work environment was defined as the culture of an individual nursing department which consisted of the employee’s perception of engagement and patient safety culture. The research was informed by the commitment-based theory. Based on this theory, it was predicted that a team-based approach in the work environment would lead to a learning and positive environment, which would be positively associated with quality of …
Collecting Duct Nos1 Activation Is Necessary For Increased Glomerular Filtration Rate In Response To A High Salt Diet, John Miller Allan
Collecting Duct Nos1 Activation Is Necessary For Increased Glomerular Filtration Rate In Response To A High Salt Diet, John Miller Allan
All ETDs from UAB
We previously reported that nitric oxide synthase-1 (NOS1) in the collecting duct (CD) is critical for maintaining fluid-electrolyte balance during high salt diet. Lack of NOS1 in the CD (CDNOS1KO) results in reduced sodium excretion, urine output, and urinary nitrite/nitrate excretion compared to male control mice after 1 day of a high salt diet (4% NaCl). By day 7 of a high salt diet, CDNOS1KO mice display significantly increased systolic blood pressure with sodium excretion returning to levels similar to control mice. Sex differences in renal sodium handling are important to consider. Female rodents possess redundant mechanisms for sodium handling …
Vestibular And Oculomotor Function In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Anwar B. Almutairi
Vestibular And Oculomotor Function In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Anwar B. Almutairi
All ETDs from UAB
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability of childhood, caused by non-progressive permanent injury to the fetal or infant’s brain. Visual and balance impairments are prominent hallmarks of these disorders. Although musculoskeletal and neuromuscular causes are well established in the literature, the role of vestibular and oculomotor disabilities was not explored in this population. Because of that, this dissertation aims to describe the vestibular and oculomotor function in children with CP, aged 7-12years, GMFCS levels I-III, and to determine the feasibility, sensitivity, specificity and retest reliability of vestibular and oculomotor clinical tests in children with CP, compared to …
Epigenetic Regulation Of Stem Cell Fate Determination And Tumorigenesis, Kushani Shah
Epigenetic Regulation Of Stem Cell Fate Determination And Tumorigenesis, Kushani Shah
All ETDs from UAB
It is unclear how H3K4 methylation, an epigenetic modification associated with gene activation, regulates stem cell fate determination and tumorigenesis. DPY30 is one of the core subunits of the SET1/MLL complex in mammals responsible for H3K4me. DPY30 enhances the H3K4me activity of the SET1/MLL complex. Here, I sought to define role of DPY30 and H3K4me3 in postnatal neurogenesis and hematopoietic malignancies. Using a conditional knockout model, I found that Dpy30 deficiency halts the development of postnatal hippocampus, the subventricular zone, and cerebellum. Deficiency in cerebellum is most likely the cause of uncoordinated ataxia-like movements in these mice. By deleting Dpy30 …
Regulation Of Effector Cd4 T Cell Pathogenicity During Chronic Inflammation, Boyoung Shin
Regulation Of Effector Cd4 T Cell Pathogenicity During Chronic Inflammation, Boyoung Shin
All ETDs from UAB
Effector CD4 T cells are essential for the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses during homeostasis. Dysregulation of effector CD4 T cell responses results in chronic inflammatory disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), however therapeutic options for these diseases are limited. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate pathogenicity of effector CD4 T cells is critical to devise new therapeutic interventions. Herein we show two different mechanisms that profoundly impact pathogenic potential of CD4 T cells by regulating heterogeneities of effector functions and differentiation states. Different subsets of effector CD4 T cells utilize distinct metabolic pathways. …
Effects Of Novel Inhibitors Against Wnt/Β-Catenin Signaling In Ovarian And Triple-Negative Breast Cancers, Abhishek Gangrade
Effects Of Novel Inhibitors Against Wnt/Β-Catenin Signaling In Ovarian And Triple-Negative Breast Cancers, Abhishek Gangrade
All ETDs from UAB
Ovarian and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are aggressive due to their dependence on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Niclosamide, a strong inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, is an efficacious cytotoxic agent for various cancers in vitro, including ovarian and breast cancers. However, it has cross-reactivity with mTOR, STAT3, and Notch pathways. A limitation of using the agent in animal studies involves its poor water solubility and bioavailability. This study investigates novel compounds based on the structure of niclosamide to improve specificity for the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The investigation evaluates three questions: 1) whether WNT974 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ovarian cancer; 2) whether novel analogs …
Synaptic Mechanisms Underlying The Integration Of Adult-Generated Neurons In The Dentate Gyrus, Ryan Vaden
Synaptic Mechanisms Underlying The Integration Of Adult-Generated Neurons In The Dentate Gyrus, Ryan Vaden
All ETDs from UAB
The dentate gyrus is a region in the adult brain where new neurons continue to be generated throughout life. While most adult-generated neurons undergo apoptosis within the first few weeks of maturation, a fraction survives and integrates into the existing circuit. It is well established that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-mediated mechanisms contribute to the activity-dependent regulation of adult-neurogenesis. GABAergic interneurons regulate stem cell quiescence, progenitor proliferation, and the synaptic integration of newborn neurons, however the synaptic interactions underlying integration are not fully understood. Furthermore, the impact of adult-generated neurons integrating into the existing circuit is not completely known. The collective …
Clinical And Histomorphometric Outcomes Following The Use Of Small Versus Large Particle Sized Bone Allografts In Ridge Preservation Procedures: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Gentiane Valiquette
Clinical And Histomorphometric Outcomes Following The Use Of Small Versus Large Particle Sized Bone Allografts In Ridge Preservation Procedures: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Gentiane Valiquette
All ETDs from UAB
Alveolar ridge preservation at the time of tooth extraction is a commonly performed procedure as it significantly minimizes ridge resorption and allows for more optimal implant placement. The amount of new vital bone has been shown to vary with the use of different types of bone replacement grafts, however, the effect of bone graft particle size on the outcomes following ridge preservation has not been elucidated in the scientific literature. The present randomized clinical trial compared clinically, radiographically and histomorphometrically the use of small- (0.25-1.0mm) versus large- (1.0- 2.0mm) sized particle mineralized cortico-cancellous bone freeze-dried bone allografts (FDBAs) in ridge …
Mechanistic Connections Between Metabolic And Differentiation Programs In T Cells, Danielle Alexandria Chisolm
Mechanistic Connections Between Metabolic And Differentiation Programs In T Cells, Danielle Alexandria Chisolm
All ETDs from UAB
Cellular metabolism is closely coupled to differentiation gene programs in many developmental systems. In part, this is due to a similar complement of transcription factors playing dual roles in regulating both the gene expression programs associated with specific metabolic pathways and the differentiation gene program of the cell. In T cells, T cell receptor- (TCR) and IL-2-sensitive transcription factors coordinate the programming of metabolic states with the effector and memory gene programs. Currently, our understanding of the mechanisms by which metabolic states contribute to the regulation of T cell differentiation gene programs is unclear. Metabolites are directly involved in epigenetic …
The Primary Cilium Regulates Interstitial Immune Cells During Renal Cystogenesis, Cheng Song
The Primary Cilium Regulates Interstitial Immune Cells During Renal Cystogenesis, Cheng Song
All ETDs from UAB
Renal cysts are a pathological condition that can lead to end-stage renal failure and death. The mechanisms that underlie renal cyst development are under active investigation, and emerging evidence has revealed defects in a number of proteins required for cilia assembly or signaling, such as intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins and the polycystins. Characterization of mice harboring conditional IFT mutations suggests that the rate of cyst formation is dependent upon the timing of cilia loss. Induction of cilia loss in juvenile mice results in rapid cyst development, while induction of cilia loss in adult mice leads to a slower progressing form …
Morphological And Functional Characterization Of A Murine Garp2-Specific Knockout, Delores Stacks
Morphological And Functional Characterization Of A Murine Garp2-Specific Knockout, Delores Stacks
All ETDs from UAB
GARP2, found exclusively in retinal rod photoreceptors, has been proposed to function as a structural protein, a calcium binding protein, and a modulator of the phosphodiesterase regulating visual phototransduction cascade kinetics. GARP2 is a splice variant of the Cngb1 gene which also encodes the β-subunit of the phototransduction cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel and another glutamic acid-rich protein, GARP1. Mutations of the β-subunit and, recently discovered regions shared with the GARP en-coding regions of Cngb1cause retinitis pigmentosa (RP), while overexpression of GARP2 in the absence of the β-subunit accelerates the observed Cngb1-mediated retinal degeneration in mouse β-subunit knockout disease models. In …
Prenatal And Postnatal Factors Regulate Food Intake And Body Composition, Minsung Kang
Prenatal And Postnatal Factors Regulate Food Intake And Body Composition, Minsung Kang
All ETDs from UAB
This research sought to identify the effects of prenatal and postnatal factors on systemic metabolism and the regulation of food intake, weight, and body composition. It was found that the manipulation of maternal diets influenced the systemic metabolism of offspring. The offspring of dams fed an isocaloric, low protein diet were significantly smaller and consumed less food than offspring from dams fed a control diet. In the case of the offspring from dams fed a western diet, they were significantly heavier and consumed more food than offspring from dams fed a control diet. In addition, the offspring showed altered glucose …
Reaching Consensus On Global Health Nursing Competencies For Baccalaureate Nursing Education In The United States: A Delphi Method Study, Herica Maria Torres-Alzate
Reaching Consensus On Global Health Nursing Competencies For Baccalaureate Nursing Education In The United States: A Delphi Method Study, Herica Maria Torres-Alzate
All ETDs from UAB
The purpose of this study was to reach consensus among experts on global health competencies for baccalaureate nursing students in the United States. A Nursing Global Health Competencies Framework (NGHCF) was created to guide identification of the domains and competencies for BSN nursing education. A three-round modified Delphi study intersected with a mixed methods research approach to reach consensus from experts in global health on essential global health competencies in nursing. The first phase revised the original list of competencies based on: (a) qualitative responses to the surveys conducted by Wilson et al. (2012), Ventura et al. (2014), and Warren …
Analysis Of The Gtp Cyclohydrolase I/Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway In Glioblastoma Biology, Anh Tran
Analysis Of The Gtp Cyclohydrolase I/Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway In Glioblastoma Biology, Anh Tran
All ETDs from UAB
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults and one of the most aggressive cancers with high rates of recurrence and therapeutic resistance. In GBMs, subpopulations of highly tumorigenic cells called brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) have the unique capacity to promote tumor maintenance, therapeutic resistance, and angiogenesis. Depending on the level, differentiation state, and tumor stage, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species inhibit or increase cancer growth and BTIC maintenance. GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) is the rate limiting enzyme in a pathway that can regulate reactive species production but has not been thoroughly investigated in GBM. …
Conserved Tcr Dβ Biases Cdr-B3 Content And Alters T Cell Development And Function, Michael Steven Levinson
Conserved Tcr Dβ Biases Cdr-B3 Content And Alters T Cell Development And Function, Michael Steven Levinson
All ETDs from UAB
T cell receptor (TCR) is a surface glycoprotein found on T cells that recognizes peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (pMHC). Each TCR is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (α) and a beta (β) chain that are created by rearrangements of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments in the thymus. The most diverse component of the β chain is its third complementarity determining region, or CDR-B3. CDR-B3 is created de novo for each individual T cell by VDJ rearrangement and together with its TCRα partner, CDR-A3, creates the center of the TCR pMHC binding …
Aberrant Astrocyte Maturation Contributes To Rett Syndrome Pathogenesis, Natasha Lynn Pacheco
Aberrant Astrocyte Maturation Contributes To Rett Syndrome Pathogenesis, Natasha Lynn Pacheco
All ETDs from UAB
Rett syndrome (RTT) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the transcriptional modulator, Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2). RTT is characterized by motor, behavioral and physiological deficits. MECP2 mutations are associated with other disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability, underscoring the important role of MeCP2 for typical brain function. Much of our understanding of MeCP2 function is derived from transcriptomic studies carried out over the last 10 years with the general assumption that alterations in the transcriptome correlate with proteomic changes. Advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have facilitated recent interest in the examination of global protein expression. In …
Identification Of Molecular Regulators Of Morphogenesis During Early Development Of Xenopus, Ivan Popov
Identification Of Molecular Regulators Of Morphogenesis During Early Development Of Xenopus, Ivan Popov
All ETDs from UAB
During embryonic development of all animal species, dramatic changes in morphology occur to transform a single-celled zygote into a well-organized adult body that contains different organs positioned in stereotypical ways for the species. The processes that shape tissues and organs are called morphogenesis, and gastrulation is the first morphogenetic process in embryogenesis. During gastrulation, three germ layers are specified and a set of regionally specific cell movements act in concert to position these germ layers for proper establishment of future body plan of the developing animal. Although factors regulating cell lineage specification have been studied extensively, the molecular machinery controlling …
The Effect Of Allergic Airway Sensitization On The Immune Response To Pulmonary Bacterial Infection., Arthur Harold Totten
The Effect Of Allergic Airway Sensitization On The Immune Response To Pulmonary Bacterial Infection., Arthur Harold Totten
All ETDs from UAB
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease associated with small airway obstruction and hy-perreactivity. Greater than 300 million people are estimated to live with asthma world-wide, and in the United States (US), estimated cost-of-care is over $50 billion per year. Allergic sensitization and infections have proven to be important in both asthmatic development, as well as recurrent exacerbations. Diversity and number of bacterial species are increased in asthmatics compared to non-asthmatics, and is also predictive of increased incidence of res-piratory infections. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mpn) is an atypical bacterial pathogen of the class Mollicutes, which lacks a cell wall and is an …
Social Factors, Public Policies, And Infant Mortality, Lauren Wallace
Social Factors, Public Policies, And Infant Mortality, Lauren Wallace
All ETDs from UAB
Despite consistent and substantial investments, the United States’ infant mortality rate (IMR) has not decreased significantly in the 21st century and disparities between racial and ethnic groups have increased. This study investigates the impact of social and health factors, and public policies on IMR at the state level. The research aims were to: 1) evaluate which state-level social factors and public policies were associated with state IMRs using principal component (PC) analysis; and 2) evaluate whether states cluster on their PC scores and IMRs using cluster analysis. The data used were six composite index scores based on social factor and …