Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Neighborhood Design And Walking Trips In Ten U.S. Metropolitan Areas, Rob Boer, Yuhui Zheng, Adrian Overton, Gregory K. Ridgeway, Debra A. Cohen

Yuhui Zheng

Despite substantial evidence for neighborhood characteristics correlating with walking, so far there has been limited attention to possible practical implications for neighborhood design. This study investigates to what extent design guidelines are likely to stimulate walking.

Molecular Targets For Antiepileptic Drug Development, Brian S. Meldrum, Michael A. Rogawski

Michael A. Rogawski

This review considers how recent advances in the physiology of ion channels and other potential molecular targets, in conjunction with new information on the genetics of idiopathic epilepsies, can be applied to the search for improved antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Marketed AEDs predominantly target voltage-gated cation channels (the alpha subunits of voltage-gated Na+ channels and also T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels) or influence GABA-mediated inhibition. Recently, alpha2-delta voltage-gated Ca2+ channel subunits and the SV2A synaptic vesicle protein have been recognized as likely targets. Genetic studies of familial idiopathic epilepsies have identified numerous genes associated with diverse epilepsy syndromes, including genes encoding Na+ …

Aterosclerose: Comparando Brasil E Estados Unidos, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Support On The Initiation And Duration Of Breastfeeding, Sara L. Gill, Elizabeth Reifsnider, Joseph F. Lucke

Joseph Lucke

Researchers attempted to increase the initiation of breastfeeding and its duration to 6 months among a group of low-income, Hispanic women through an intervention program which included prenatal education and home based postpartum support. All participants were telephoned after delivery to determine infant feeding method. Duration of breastfeeding was determined by counting the number of days from initiation to the last day the baby was put to the breast. The Bayesian approach was used for the statistical analyses. In the intervention group, the propensity to initiate breastfeeding exceeded that of the control group. Results indicate the intervention group had twice …

Sunshine And Suicide At The Tropic Of Capricorn, São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2004, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

Several studies have confi rmed seasonal variation in suicide rates according to hours of sunshine. The suicide pattern was assessed in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, at the tropic of Capricorn from 1996 to 2004. Poisson regression was employed to estimate parameters of seasonality, as well as to verify associations for each day between daylight duration and suicide. During the nine-year study period, there were 3,984 suicides (76.9% in men; median age=38.7 years old). Seasonal averages of suicides were similar, as were monthly averages. Poisson regression did not reveal any association between suicide rates and hours of sunshine (p=0.45) for both …

Controlled Language: The Next Big Thing In Translation?, Uwe Muegge

Uwe Muegge

Many global organizations are beginning to see the productivity indicators for their translation and localization processes reach a plateau. That’s an inevitable fact even for those organizations that use what’s currently billed as the latest and greatest in translation technology, such as translation memory with automated workflow components or globalization management systems. Even with these tools in place, making content available in multiple languages remains a very expensive and time-consuming proposition. For those looking for ways to reduce the cost of translation to the point where almost all materials that should be translation actually can be translated, controlled language may …

Caring Abilities Of Students In An Accelerated Program Of Study: A Program Evaluation Study, Deborah A. Raines

Deborah A. Raines, PhD, EdS, RN, ANEF, FAAN

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Electronic Medical Record In Nation Care Delivery, Development: Case Study On Ghana, Faustine Williams

Faustine Williams

Homelessness And Child Welfare Services In New York City: Exploring Trends And Opportunites For Improving Outcomes For Children And Youth, Dennis P. Culhane, Jung Min Park

Dennis P. Culhane

No abstract provided.

Partner Notification: A Promising Approach To Addressing The Hiv/Aids Racial Disparity In The United States, David J. Malebranche, Patricia Kissinger

David J Malebranche

No abstract provided.

Hiv/Aids Prevention Research Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: Current Progress And Future Directions, Gregorio A. Millett, David J. Malebranche, John L. Peterson

David J Malebranche

No abstract provided.

Weekends: A Dangerous Time For Having A Stroke?, Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

Hospital Volume And Stroke Outcome: Does It Matter?, Gustavo Saposnik

Gustavo Saposnik

No abstract provided.

A House Of Many Rooms: Healing Practice And The Ontology Of Health In Hmong Tradition And The Diaspora, Sam Grey

Sam Grey

Culture – the foundation of views about health and healing – is subject to modification, translation, and adaptation as it grapples with changes in its geographic, economic, and socio-political context. For the Hmong, an Indigenous people with a millennia-long history of regional and international migration, it can be said that their cultural context has been change itself. Given the empiricist certainty that Indigenous medical systems will invariably yield to modern education and the increased availability of biomedical services, the perpetuation of various traditional elements in the medical culture of the Hmong is nothing short of remarkable. As minorities in a …

Modeling The Effect Of Alzheimer's Disease On Mortality, Elizabeth Johnson, Ron Brookmeyer, Kathryn Ziegler-Graham

Ron Brookmeyer

Mortality rate ratios and the associated proportional hazards models have been used to summarize the effect of Alzheimer's disease on longevity. However, the mortality rate ratios vary by age and therefore do not provide a simple parsimonious summary of the effect of the disease on lifespan. Instead, we propose a new parameter that is defined by an additive multistate model. The proposed multistate model accounts for different stages of disease progression. The underlying assumption of the model is that the effect of disease on mortality is to add a constant amount to death rates once the disease progresses from an …

Predicting Breast-Feeding Attrition: Adapting The Breast-Feeding Attrition Prediction Tool, Elizabeth Reifsnider, Sarah L. Gill, Joseph F. Lucke, Angela R. Mann

Joseph Lucke

CONTEXT: Current breast-feeding rates fall short of the recommendations set forth in Health People 2010. The Breast-feeding Attrition Prediction Tool (BAPT), administered in the postpartum period, has been useful in predicting breast-feeding attrition. However, assessing a woman's intention to breast-feed prior to birth would identify women at risk for breast-feeding attrition.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe a revised BAPT, administered antepartally that measures intention to breast-feed.

METHODS: The BAPT, comprising 94 items on a 6-point Likert-type scale, was translated into Spanish and back-translated for accuracy. The BAPT was then revised by reducing the number of items …

Child Laundering As Exploitation: Applying Anti-Trafficking Norms To Intercountry Adoption Under The Coming Hague Regime, David M. Smolin

David M. Smolin

Child laundering occurs when children are illicitly obtained by fraud, force, or funds, and then processed through false paperwork into "orphans" and then adoptees. Child laundering thus involves illegally obtaining children by abduction, fraud, or purchase for purposes of adoption. My prior work has documented and analyzed the widespread existence of child laundering in the intercountry adoption system. This article argues that child laundering is a form of exploitation, and hence qualifies as a form of human trafficking. Once child laundering is understood as an exploitative form of child trafficking, legal and ethical norms currently applied to human trafficking become …

Single Unit And Population Responses During Inhibitory Gating Of Striatal Activity In Freely Moving Rats, Howard C. Cromwell

Howard Casey Cromwell

Abstract—The striatum is thought to be an essential region for integrating diverse information in the brain. Rapid inhibitory gating (IG) of sensory input is most likely an early factor necessary for appropriate integration to be completed. Gating is currently evaluated in clinical settings and is dramatically altered in a variety of psychiatric illnesses. Basic neuroscience research using animals has revealed specific neural sites involved in IG including the hippocampus, thalamus, brainstem, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. The present study investigated local IG in the basal ganglia structure of the striatum using chronic recording microwires. We obtained both single unit activations …

A Practical Illustration Of The Importance Of Realistic Individualized Treatment Rules In Causal Inference, Oliver Bembom, Mark J. Van Der Laan

Oliver Bembom

The effect of vigorous physical activity on mortality in the elderly is difficult to estimate using conventional approaches to causal inference that define this effect by comparing the mortality risks corresponding to hypothetical scenarios in which all subjects in the target population engage in a given level of vigorous physical activity. A causal effect defined on the basis of such a static treatment intervention can only be identified from observed data if all subjects in the target population have a positive probability of selecting each of the candidate treatment options, an assumption that is highly unrealistic in this case since …

La Sublimazione Dell’Eros. La “Repubblica” E Freud, In "Chronos", 25 (2007), Pp. 69-92., Marco Solinas

Marco Solinas

No abstract provided.

Wideband Ipsilateral Measurements Of Middle-Ear Muscle Reflex Thresholds In Children And Adults, Kim Schairer, John C. Ellison, Denis F. Fitzpatrick, Douglas H. Keefe

Kim S. Schairer

Definitive Radiation Therapy Management For Medically Non-Resectable Clinically Localised Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results & Prognostic Factors, Edward Yu, Patricia Tai, Robert Ash, Michael Lee, Larry Stitt, George Rodrigues, Rashid Dar, Mark Vincent, Richard Inculet, Richard Malthaner

Edward Yu

The aim of this paper is to review the experience of radical radiation therapy and the prognostic factors of patient outcome for clinically localised, medically inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Clinically staged node-negative NSCLC patients who were not a surgical candidates due to co-morbid diseases but who were eligible for curative treatment, were reviewed in the London Regional Cancer Program (LRCP). This study population was treated between 1st Jan 1985 to 31st Jan 2004. Patients were excluded if they were previously treated with chest radiotherapy. Patients with localised disease, but who refused surgery, were also included in the …

Technological Iatrogenesis: New Risks Force Heightened Management Awareness, Patrick Albert Palmieri

Patrick Albert Palmieri

Iatrogenesis is a term typically reserved to express the state of ill health or the adverse outcome resulting from a medical intervention, or lack thereof. Three types of iatrogenesis are described in the literature: clinical, social and cultural. This paper introduces a fourth type, technological iatrogenesis, or emerging errors stimulated by the infusion of technological innovations into complex healthcare systems. While health information technologies (HIT) have helped to make healthcare safer, this has also produced contemporary varieties of iatrogenic errors and events. The potential pitfalls of technological innovations and risk management solutions to address these concerns are discussed. Specifically, failure …

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Psychological Or Somatic?, Richard B. Philp

Richard B. Philp

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is one of a complex group of related disorders that includes fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, acute anxiety disorder, and sick building syndrome that share some symptomatology and that are sometimes grouped under the category of idiopathic environmental intolerance or IEIs. In MCS the individual (female in 4 of 5 cases) reacts in an aversive manner to a host of inhaled chemicals (odors) after an initial “sensitizing” exposure. This group is characterized by the absence of any definitive, objective, diagnostic criteria. Because of this these conditions are generally felt to have a predominantly psychological etiology. Nevertheless, there …