Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A High Protein Diet Has No Harmful Effects: A One-Year Crossover Study In Resistance-Trained Males, Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin A. Silver, Leonel Vargas, Armando Tamayo, Richard Buehn, Corey Peacock

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a high protein diet over a one-year period. Fourteen healthy resistance-trained men completed the study (mean ± SD; age  yr; height  cm; and average years of training  yr). In a randomized crossover design, subjects consumed their habitual or normal diet for 2 months and 4 months and alternated that with a higher protein diet (>3 g/kg/d) for 2 months and 4 months. Thus, on average, each subject was on their normal diet for 6 months and a higher protein diet for 6 months. Body composition was assessed via …

A High Protein Diet (3.4 G/Kg/D) Combined With A Heavy Resistance Training Program Improves Body Composition In Healthy Trained Men And Women - A Follow-Up Investigation, Jose Antonio, Anya Ellerbroek, Tobin A. Silver, Steve Orris, Max Scheiner, Adriana Gonzalez, Corey Peacock

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Background

The consumption of a high protein diet (>4 g/kg/d) in trained men and women who did not alter their exercise program has been previously shown to have no significant effect on body composition. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine if a high protein diet in conjunction with a periodized heavy resistance training program would affect indices of body composition, performance and health.

Methods

Forty-eight healthy resistance-trained men and women completed this study (mean ± SD; Normal Protein group [NP n = 17, four female and 13 male]: 24.8 ± 6.9 yr; 174.0 ± 9.5 cm …

The Effects Of Cold And Lower Body Negative Pressure On Cardiovascular Effects, David J. Kean, Corey Allen Peacock, Gabriel J. Sanders, John Mcdaniel, Lisa A.C. Colvin, E. L. Glickman

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to determine how cold exposure and lower body negative pressure effected cardiovascular variables. Methods. Eleven males (20.3 years ± 2.7) underwent two 20-minute exposures to LBNP. During the 2 trials, the subjects were exposed to cold air (10°C) (COLD) and to ambient temperature (23°C) (AMB). The trials consisted of a 100-minute pre-LBNP period followed by a 20-minute exposure to LBNP and then a 15-minute recovery period. Cardiovascular variables were recorded every 30 minutes using bioimpedance. Results. When LBNP was applied during the AMB trials, stroke volume immediately decreased. During the COLD trial, there …

An Acute Bout Of Self-Myofascial Release In The Form Of Foam Rolling Improves Performance Testing, Corey Peacock, Darren D. Krein, Tobin A. Silver, Gabriel J. Sanders, Kyle-Patrick A. Von Carlowitz

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Recent developments in the strength and conditioning field have shown the incorporation of foam rolling self-myofascial release in adjunct with a dynamic warm-up. This is thought to improve overall training performance; however, minimal research exists supporting this theory. Therefore, determining if an acute bout of foam rolling self-myofascial release in addition to a dynamic warm-up could influence performance is of importance. In order to do so, eleven athletically trained male subjects participated in a two condition, counterbalanced, crossover within-subjects study comparing two particular warm-up routines. The two warm-up routines compared were a total-body dynamic warm-up (DYN) and a total-body dynamic …

The Effects Of Consuming A High Protein Diet (4.4 G/Kg/D) On Body Composition In Resistance-Trained Individuals, Jose Antonio, Corey Peacock, A. Ellerbroek, B. Fromnoff, Tobin A. Silver

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

BACKGROUND:

The consumption of dietary protein is important for resistance-trained individuals. It has been posited that intakes of 1.4 to 2.0 g/kg/day are needed for physically active individuals. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a very high protein diet (4.4 g/kg/d) on body composition in resistance-trained men and women.

METHODS:

Thirty healthy resistance-trained individuals participated in this study (mean ± SD; age: 24.1 ± 5.6 yr; height: 171.4 ± 8.8 cm; weight: 73.3 ± 11.5 kg). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Control (CON) or high protein (HP). The CON …

Do Glucose Containing Beverages Play A Role In Thermoregulation, Sensation, And Mood State?, Yongsuk Seo, Corey Allen Peacock, John Gunstad, Keith J. Burns, Brandon S. Pollock, Ellen L. Glickman

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Introduction

Dehydration limits the appropriate delivery of oxygen and substrates to the working muscle. Further, the brain’s ability to function may also be compromised whereby thermal sensation and mood state may be altered.

Purpose

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the thermoregulatory, perceptual, and negative mood state profile in glucose (GLU) vs. non-glucose beverage (NON-GLU) condition.

Methods

Ten healthy men volunteered and were counterbalanced either a GLU or NON-GLU containing beverage on separate mornings. In each condition, they were exposed to 37°C, 50% relative humidity (RH) for baseline, exercise, rehydration, and recovery periods. The exercise period elicited …

Annual Acknowledgement Of Manuscript Reviewers, Jose Antonio, D. Kalman, R. Kreider

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

The editors of Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 10 (2013). The tireless work that all of you have given to us to enhance our journal is highly appreciated. We can’t thank you enough.

The Physiologic And Behavioral Implications Of Playing Active And Sedentary Video Games In A Seated And Standing Position, G. J. Sanders, M. Rebold, Corey Allen Peacock, M. L. Williamson, A. Santo, J. E. Barkley

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Previous studies have assessed physiologic response while playing video games per manufacturer instructions with participants standing during active video game play and seated during sedentary game play. It is not known whether an assigned seated or standing position affects positional preference and oxygen consumption (VO2) while gaming. The purpose of the study was to assess VO2 and preference of playing active and sedentary video games in a seated and standing position. VO2 was assessed in 25 participants during four, 20-minute conditions; resting, PlayStation 2 Madden NFL Football 2011, Nintendo Wii-Sports Boxing and Nintendo Wii Madden NFL Football 2011. Each condition …

Annual Acknowledgement Of Manuscript Reviewers, Jose Antonio, D. Kalman, R. Kreider

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

The editors of Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 9 (2012).

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Betahydroxy- Beta-Methylbutyrate (Hmb), Jacob M. Wilson, Peter J. Fitschen, Bill Campbell, Gabriel J. Wilson, Nelo Zanchi, Lem Taylor, Colin Wilborn, Douglas S. Kalman, Jeffrey R. Stout, Jay R. Hoffman, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Hector L. Lopez, Richard B. Kreider, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Jose Antonio

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature on the use of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) as a nutritional supplement. The ISSN has concluded the following. 1. HMB can be used to enhance recovery by attenuating exercise induced skeletal muscle damage in trained and untrained populations. 2. If consuming HMB, an athlete will benefit from consuming the supplement in close proximity to their workout. 3. HMB appears to be most effective when consumed for 2 weeks prior to an exercise bout. 4. Thirty-eight mg·kg·BM-1 daily of HMB has been …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Energy Drinks, Bill Campbell, Colin Wilborn, Paul La Bounty, Lem Taylor, Mike T. Nelson, Mike Greenwood, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Hector L. Lopez, Jay R. Hoffman, Jeffrey R. Stout, Stephen Schmitz, Rick Collins, Doug S. Kalman, Jose Antonio, Richard B. Kreider

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature on the safety and efficacy of the use of energy drinks (ED) or energy shots (ES). The ISSN has concluded the following. 1. Although ED and ES contain a number of nutrients that are purported to affect mental and/or physical performance, the primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate and/or caffeine. 2. The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-established but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained …

"Physiologic Responses, Liking And Motivation For Playing The Same Video Game On An Active Versus A Traditional, Non-Active Gaming System, Gabriel J. Sanders, Antonio S. Santo, Corey Allen Peacock, Kyle-Patrick Von Carlowitz, Megan L. Williamson, Jacob E. Barkley

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Evidence suggests that individuals playing certain video games on the Nintendo Wii® (Wii) exhibit increased energy expenditure versus traditional video games, although little research examines non-Wii Sports/Fit games. The purpose of this study is to assess physiologic responses, liking, and the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of a popular, non-Wii sports video game for the Wii relative to the same game played on a traditional, non-active system. Twenty-four college-aged students participated. Heart rate and oxygen consumption (V̇O2) was assessed during rest and when playing the following games: Madden NFL 2011® for Playstation 2 (PS2 Madden) and the Wii (Wii Madden), and …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Meal Frequency, Paul M. La Bounty, Bill I. Campbell, Jacob Wilson, Elfego Galvan, John Berardi, Susan M. Kleiner, Richard B. Kreider, Jeffrey R. Stout, Tim Ziegenfuss, Marie Spano, Abbie Smtih, Jose Antonio

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Position Statement: Admittedly, research to date examining the physiological effects of meal frequency in humans is somewhat limited. More specifically, data that has specifically examined the impact of meal frequency on body composition, training adaptations, and performance in physically active individuals and athletes is scant. Until more research is available in the physically active and athletic populations, definitive conclusions cannot be made. However, within the confines of the current scientific literature, we assert that:1. Increasing meal frequency does not appear to favorably change body composition in sedentary populations.2. If protein levels are adequate, increasing meal frequency during periods of hypoenergetic …

Noise And Complexity In Human Postural Control: Interpreting The Different Estimations Of Entropy, C. K. Rhea, Tobin A. Silver, S. L. Hong, J. H. Ryu, B. E. Studenka, C. Hughes, J. Haddad

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Background

Over the last two decades, various measures of entropy have been used to examine the complexity of human postural control. In general, entropy measures provide information regarding the health, stability and adaptability of the postural system that is not captured when using more traditional analytical techniques. The purpose of this study was to examine how noise, sampling frequency and time series length influence various measures of entropy when applied to human center of pressure (CoP) data, as well as in synthetic signals with known properties. Such a comparison is necessary to interpret data between and within studies that use …

Caffeine Enhances Upper Body Strength In Resistance-Trained Women, Erica Goldstein, Patrick L. Jacobs, Michael Whitehurst, Tina Penhollow, Jose Antonio

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

BACKGROUND:

Research has indicated that low-to-moderate dosages of caffeine supplementation are ergogenic for sustained endurance efforts as well as high-intensity exercise. The effects of caffeine supplementation on strength-power performance are equivocal, with some studies indicating a benefit and others demonstrating no change in performance. The majority of research that has examined the effects of caffeine supplementation on strength-power performance has been carried out in both trained and untrained men. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of caffeine supplementation on strength and muscular endurance in resistance-trained women.

METHODS:

In a randomized manner, 15 women consumed …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Caffeine And Performance, Erica R. Goldstein, Tim Ziegenfuss, Doug Kalman, Richard Kreider, Bill Campbell, Colin Wilborn, Lem Taylor, Darryn Wiloughby, Jeff Stout, B. Sue Graves, Robert Wildman, John L. Ivy, Marie Spano, Abbie E. Smith, Jose Antonio

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Position Statement: The position of The Society regarding caffeine supplementation and sport performance is summarized by the following seven points: 1.) Caffeine is effective for enhancing sport performance in trained athletes when consumed in low-to-moderate dosages (~3-6 mg/kg) and overall does not result in further enhancement in performance when consumed in higher dosages (>/= 9 mg/kg). 2.) Caffeine exerts a greater ergogenic effect when consumed in an anhydrous state as compared to coffee. 3.) It has been shown that caffeine can enhance vigilance during bouts of extended exhaustive exercise, as well as periods of sustained sleep deprivation. 4.) Caffeine …

Issn Exercise & Sport Nutrition Review: Research & Recommendations, Richard B. Kreider, Colin D. Wilborn, Lem Taylor, Bill Campbell, Anthony L. Almada, Rick Collins, Mathew Cooke, Conrad P. Earnest, Mike Greenwood, Douglas S. Kalman, Chad M. Kerksick, Susan M. Kleiner, Brian Leutholtz, Hector Lopez, Lonnie M. Lowery, Ron Mendel, Abbie Smith, Marie Spano, Robert Wildman, Darryn S. Willoughby, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Jose Antonio

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with hundreds of research papers published annually. For this reason, keeping up to date with the literature is often difficult. This paper is a five year update of the sports nutrition review article published as the lead paper to launch the JISSN in 2004 and presents a well-referenced overview of the current state of the science related to how to optimize training and athletic performance through nutrition. More specifically, this paper provides an overview of: 1.) The definitional category of ergogenic aids and dietary supplements; 2.) How dietary supplements are legally regulated; 3.) …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Nutrient Timing., Chad Kerksick, Travis Harvey, Jeff Stout, Bill Campbell, Colin Wilborn, Richard Kreider, Doug Kalman, Tim Ziegenfuss, Hector Lopez, Jamie Landis, John L. Ivy, Jose Antonio

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

Position Statement: The position of the Society regarding nutrient timing and the intake of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in reference to healthy, exercising individuals is summarized by the following eight points: 1.) Maximal endogenous glycogen stores are best promoted by following a high-glycemic, high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet (600 – 1000 grams CHO or ~8 – 10 g CHO/kg/d), and ingestion of free amino acids and protein (PRO) alone or in combination with CHO before resistance exercise can maximally stimulate protein synthesis. 2.) During exercise, CHO should be consumed at a rate of 30 – 60 grams of CHO/hour in a 6 …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein And Exercise., B. Campbell, R. B. Kreider, T. Ziegenfuss, P. La Bounty, M. Roberts, D. Burke, J. Landis, H. Lopez, Jose Antonio

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

The following seven points related to the intake of protein for healthy, exercising individuals constitute the position stand of the Society. They have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society. 1) Vast research supports the contention that individuals engaged in regular exercise training require more dietary protein than sedentary individuals. 2) Protein intakes of 1.4 – 2.0 g/kg/day for physically active individuals is not only safe, but may improve the training adaptations to exercise training. 3) When part of a balanced, nutrient-dense diet, protein intakes at this level are not detrimental to kidney function or bone metabolism in …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Creatine Supplementation And Exercise., T. W. Buford, R. B. Kreider, J. R. Stout, M. Greenwood, B. Campbell, M. Spano, T. Ziegenfuss, H. Lopez, J. Landis, Jose Antonio

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Issn Roundtable: Faqs About The Issn, Jose Antonio, Marc Gann, Douglas Kalman, Frank Katch, Susan Kleiner, Richard Kreider, Darryn Willoughby

Department of Health and Human Performance Faculty Articles

: MISSION STATEMENT OF THE ISSN : The mission of the International Society of Sports Nutrition is to be recognized as the leading professional organization in the study and application of sports nutrition. The ISSN is dedicated to promoting and supporting the study, practice, education, research and development of sports nutrition and the sports nutrition profession. All information disseminated by the ISSN is unbiased and scientifically supported.