Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

[Book Review Of] Issues For A Catholic Bioethic, Edited By Luke Gormally, John Hartley

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

[Book Review Of] Catholic Bioethics And The Gift Of Human Life, By William E. May, Paul F. Deladurantaye

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

[Book Review Of] Danny, The Murder Of A Man With Down Syndrome, By Patricia Smith And George Smith, Eugene F. Diamond

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

[Book Review Of] Euthanasia, Ethics And Public Policy: An Argument Against Legalisation, By John Keown, William E. May, Michael J. Mcgivney

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Change In Diet, Physical Activity, And Body Weight In Female College Freshman, Scott M. Butler, David R. Black, Carolyn L. Blue, Randall J. Gretebeck

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: To examine diet, physical activity, and body-weight changes associated with relocation from home to university.

Methods: Diet, fitness/physical activity, body-weight parameters and self-efficacy were assessed among 54 freshman women upon college entry and 5 months later.

Results: Although caloric intake significantly decreased, a significant increase occurred in body-weight parameters that may be attributed to significant decreases in total physical activity.

Conclusions: Interventions are needed aimed at increasing physical activity; improving diet quality related to consumption of vegetables, fruits, breads and pasta, and meats; and decreasing alcohol consumption.

Detection And Mapping Of Quantitative Trait Loci That Determine Responsiveness, Janet L. Mueller, E. A. Ellenberger, Linda K. Vaughn, John K. Belknap, Raymond M. Quock

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Exposure to 70% N₂O evokes a robust antinociceptive effect in C57BL/6 (B6) but not in DBA/2 (D2) inbred mice. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the mouse genome that might determine responsiveness to N₂O. Offspring from the F₂ generation bred from B6 and D2 progenitors exhibited a broad range of responsiveness to N₂O antinociception as determined by the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test. QTL analysis was then used to dissect this continuous trait distribution into component loci, and to map them to broad chromosomal regions. To this end, …

The Future Of Professional Education In Natural Family Planning, Richard J. Fehring

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Nurses and other health care professionals often have little knowledge of methods of natural family planning (NFP) and do not readily prescribe natural methods for their patients. One reason for this is that little or no information on NFP is provided in nursing or medical schools. The holistic, informational, and integrative nature of NFP fits well with professional nursing practice. A university online distance education NFP teacher training program, which offers academic credit and includes theory, practice, and the latest developments in fertility monitoring, has been developed for health care professionals. Professional NFP services in the United States need to …

A Comparison Of The Fertile Phase As Determined By The Clearplan Easy Fertility Monitor™ And Self-Assessment Of Cervical Mucus, Richard J. Fehring, Kathleen Raviele, Mary Schneider

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle as determined by the Clearplan Easy Fertility Monitor (CPEFM) with self-monitoring of cervical mucus. One-hundred women (mean age = 29.4 years) observed their cervical mucus and monitored their urine for estrogen and luteinizing hormone metabolites with the CPEFM on a daily basis for 2–6 cycles and generated 378 cycles of data; of these, 347 (92%) had a CPEFM peak. The beginning of the fertile window was, on average, day 11.8 (SD = 3.4) by the monitor and day 9.9 (SD = 3.0) by cervical mucus …

Southeast Asian Refugee Children: Self-Esteem As A Predictor Of Depression And Scholastic Achievement In The U.S., Patricia G. Fox, Kenneth R. Burns, Judith M. Popovich, Ruth Ann Belknap, Marilyn Frank-Stromborg

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

The eruption of conflicts and war in this century has led to new masses of refugees and displaced persons. Globally, host countries will continue to confront issues of how to ensure the successful adaptation of refugees who typically are women and children. The United States received three major waves of Southeast Asian (SEA) refugees during the past twenty-five years. One million SEA refugees arrived in the past decade; the majority were children and adolescents. Today, there is still a lack of understanding surrounding mental health issues and their relationship to children's violence experience. We know that SEA refugee children suffered …

The Wisconsin Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Screening Project, Marianne E. Weiss, Christine E. Cronk, Sandra Mahkorn, Randall Glysch, Sara Zirbel

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Problem: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is preventable, under-diagnosed, and under-reported. Wisconsin rates for alcohol use and binge drinking in childbearing-age women exceed the national average. FAS prevalence in Wisconsin has not previously been systematically evaluated. Methods: The Wisconsin Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Screening Project (WFASSP) used a multi-stage, multi-source prospective population-based screening methodology to identify children born in 1998-1999 in Southeast Wisconsin who met a surveillance case definition for FAS. The 4-stage methodology used screening of electronic birth files, abstraction of neonatal medical records, and direct assessment of facial features, growth, and development at age 2 to 3 years. Results: The …

Muscle Fatigue And The Mechanisms For Task Failure, Sandra K. Hunter, Jacques Duchateau, Roger M. Enoka

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

An alternative approach in the study of muscle fatigue is to address the question, “What causes task failure during a fatiguing contraction?” This approach is described by considering how variation in the type of load supported and contraction intensity influence both the time to task failure and the centrally mediated adjustments in reflex activity and motor unit behavior

The Paradigm Of The Relationship Among Occlusion, Orthodontics And Temporomandibular Disorders, Jose A. Bosio

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The relationship between occlusion, Orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders have been subject of discussions and controversies. In the past, the scientific literature stated that the temporomandibular disorders occurred due to the malocclusion, and, for its correction, an orthodontic treatment should be performed. Apparently, those theories have become obsoletes, and according to more consistent scientific articles, the relationship among these entities have been questioned. This literature review shows a possible change in the paradigm of the relationship among the three entities.

Fatigability Of The Elbow Flexor Muscles For A Sustained Submaximal Contraction Is Similar In Men And Women Matched For Strength, Sandra K. Hunter, Ashley Critchlow, In-Sik Shin, Roger M. Enoka

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare the time to task failure for a submaximal fatiguing contraction sustained with the elbow flexor muscles by men and women who were matched for strength (n = 20, 18-35 yr). The maximal torque exerted at the wrist was similar for the men and women [64.5 ± 8.7 (SD) vs. 64.5 ± 8.3 N·m; P > 0.05], which meant that the average torque exerted during the fatiguing contraction [20% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] was similar for the two sexes. The time to task failure was similar for these strength-matched men and women …

Morphology Of Root Canal Cross-Sections Of Resected Roots Of First And Second Lower Molars, Mariusz Duda, Agata Skoczek, Bartlomiej Kowal, Agnieszka Domagala

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Precise preparation of the root canal ostium with a view to hermetical closing with retrograde root filling is an important prognostic factor determining the success of the procedure of tooth resection. Root canals interconnected with a narrow isthmus may cause problems both in endodontic treatment and in retrograde filling. The aim of this work is the research of the transverse cross-section of root canals of first and second lower molars on the resection model. The research encompasses 100 randomly selected molar teeth: 50 first and 50 second lower molars. The tooth root apexes were cut 3 mm below the apex …

The Perceived Value Of Certification By Certified Perioperative Nurses, Kathleen B. Gaberson, Kathryn Schroeter, Aileen R. Killen, Wendelny A. Valentine

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

We conducted this study to determine the perceived value of certification in perioperative nursing. Following development and pilot-testing, we mailed the 18-item Likert-type instrument, the Perceived Value of Certification Tool (PVCT), to a sample of 2750 perioperative nurses who had earned the CNOR or CRNFA credential or both. A total of 1398 surveys were returned (50.8% response rate). Factor analysis extracted three factors, accounting for 61% of the variance: personal value, recognition by others, and professional practice. Internal consistency reliability testing (Cronbach's α) identified a standardized α of .924. Over 90% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed with statements about …

The Way Of Suicide, Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia, Or Evangelium Vitae's Way Of Mercy And Compassion?, Brigid Vout

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Humanae Vitae: Thirty-Five Years Later, Peter J. Riga

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Phonological Awareness In Spanish: A Tutorial For Speech-Language Pathologists, Brenda K. Gorman, Ronald B. Gillam

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

In the United States, more than 2 million children in Grades pre-K through 6 speak Spanish as their primary language. Approximately 50% of these students receive academic instruction in Spanish. This tutorial provides research-based recommendations for presenting phonological awareness tasks to children who receive literacy instruction in Spanish. The authors also discuss how phonological awareness development may differ between monolingual children learning Spanish and monolingual children learning English, and the implications of these differences for choosing appropriate phonological awareness tasks for Spanish speakers.

Beneficial Effects Of Flexible Insulin Therapy In Children And Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Ramin Alemzadeh, P. Palma-Sisto, Elaine Parton, Joan P. Totka, Mary De Sales Kirby

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of a flexible multiple daily insulin (FMDI) regimen in routine pediatric diabetes care by comparing HbA_1c, body mass index (BMI), and episodes of severe hypoglycemia (SH) before and after initiation of FMDI therapy. Data from 44 patients (2-16 years old), on a conventional insulin (CI) regimen, were collected during quarterly diabetes clinic visits. These patients were transitioned from CI to FMDI regimen: pre-meal lispro (bolus) and once or twice daily Humulin Ultralente with or without bedtime Humulin NPH as the basal insulin. There was a significant improvement in …

Diet And Exercise In Low Income, Culturally Diverse Middle School Students, Marilyn Frenn, Shelly Malin

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

It is important to understand constructs essential to low-fat-diet and physical-activity behaviors of low-income culturally diverse middle-school-age students, because ethnicity and socioeconomic status influence body weight status, and these groups are most at risk for obesity later in life. In this descriptive study, constructs important in low-fat diet and physical activity in low- to middle-income, culturally diverse middle school students were examined. Revised for cultural/developmental appropriateness and reading level, instruments incorporating constructs from the Health Promotion and Transtheoretical Models were tested with 221 youth. Results demonstrated that percentage of fat in diet, total number of strategies used for a low-fat …

Effect Of Computer Keyboard Slope On Wrist Position And Forearm Electromyography Of Typists Without Musculoskeletal Disorders, Guy G. Simoneau, Richard W. Marklin, Joseph E. Berman

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Positioning a computer keyboard with a downward slope reduces wrist extension needed to use the keyboard and has been shown to decrease pressure in the carpal tunnel. However, whether a downward slope of the keyboard reduces electromyographic (EMG) activity of the forearm muscles, in particular the wrist extensors, is not known. Subjects and Methods. Sixteen experienced typists participated in this study and typed on a conventional keyboard that was placed on slopes. Electromyographic activity of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles was measured with surface electrodes, while the extension and ulnar …

Rh Negative Status And Isoimmunization Update: A Case-Based Approach To Care, Kathryn Shisler Harrod, Lisa Hanson, Leona Vandevusse, Patricia Heywood

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Prior to the 1970s and the advent of Rho (D) immune globulin (RIG) for Rh negative women, hemolytic disease of the newborn led to morbidity, long-term disabilities, and mortality. Antepartum RIG administration has been a standard of practice since 1983. Yet, Rh isoimmunization (sensitization) and its sequelae have not been completely eradicated. Rh-related issues remain clinical challenges facing perinatal and neonatal nurses. Evidence for the administration of RIG prenatally and during the postpartum period is presented including controversies and challenges. Current information about fetal and neonatal care of erythroblastosis fetalis and immune hydrops is also presented.

Rethinking Nutritional Support For Persons With Cancer Cachexia, Donna O. Mccarthy

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Cancer cachexia is a poorly understood syndrome of anorexia, weight loss, and muscle wasting that negatively impacts quality of life and survival in cancer patients. Research has clearly implicated proinflammatory cytokines in the biology of cancer cachexia. More recent research implicates products of arachidonic acid and suggests that cachexia may be a chronic inflammatory condition rather than a nutritional aberration. To date, nutritional support to slow weight loss has focused primarily on increasing calorie intake. Alternatively, many foods contain factors that can modulate the synthesis or activity of proinflammatory mediators, especially the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 from arachidonic acid. These …

Localization Of Transfected B7-1 (Cd-80) In Human Melanoma Cells After Particle Mediated Gene Transfer, Donna O. Mccarthy, Lorraine F. Meisner, Jeanne Bourdeau-Heller, Timothy R. Roberts, Shi-Qi Wu, Thomas F. Warner, Mark R. Albertini

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate stable DNA transfection of M-21 human melanoma cells with particle-mediated gene transfer (PMGT) with B7-1 cDNA and to identify sites of gene integration. Stable B7-1 transfectants (M-21-B7) were obtained with PMGT using a plasmid vector containing cDNA for both B7-1 and neomycin phosphotransferase, with subsequent selection with G418. The transfected cells were flow sorted by B7-1 expression into two populations, bright and dim. The bright population had 85%–90% of cells expressing B7-1; the dim population had less than 50% of cells with B7-1 expression. Chromosome analysis with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) …

Blame--Do You Know It When You See It?, Patricia R. Ebright, Kathryn Rapala

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

The landmark Institute of Medicine Report, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health Care System. stated that medical error causes 44,000 to 98,000 deaths per year. There is no question that the report raised awareness of patient safety and stressed the importance of patient outcomes. Heightened awareness has produced a patient safety industry of sorts, with solutions that range from technology to outcomes measurement.

Regulatory bodies, such as the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), have recognized the need for patient safety to be embedded in the culture of healthcare organizations. In particular, the JCAHO has …

Editorial: Are You A Prime Mover?, Kathryn Schroeter

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Donation After Cardiac Death: The Reinvention Of A Forgotten Procedure, Gloria Taylor, Karen Samartan, Kathryn Schroeter

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

[Book Review Of] The Healer's Calling: A Spirituality For Physicians And Other Health Care Professionals, By Daniel P. Sulmasy, Eric Kilbreath

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

[Book Review Of] When Killing Is Wrong: Physician-Assisted Suicide And The Courts, By Arthur J. Dyck, Richard S. Myers

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Stage Based Interventions For Low Fat Diet With Middle School Students, Marilyn Frenn, Shelly Malin, Naveen K. Bansal

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Preventing obesity and cardiovascular disease at early ages is important; however, few effective interventions for early adolescents have been reported. In this study, low-income, culturally diverse students from an urban middle school (n = 60) received four classroom interventions with the use of a combined Health Promotion/Transtheoretical Model to control fat in diet and increase physical activity. A control group (n = 57) received the usual classroom education. Pretest percentage fat in diet was regressed on demographics, access to low-fat foods, perceived self-efficacy, benefits/barriers, and stage of change with results as proposed by the model [F(9,64) …