Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Understanding Sexual Abstinence In African American Teens, Kristin Haglund

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: To explore the perspectives of teenage girls on how life contexts influenced sexuality and sexual abstinence.

Study Design and Methods: A qualitative descriptive study with a convenience sample of 14 sexually abstinent African American adolescent females who were interviewed to obtain their life histories. Narrative analysis was used to identify unique and common experiences and to develop themes.

Results: For these participants, being abstinent was a way to demonstrate their emerging identities as adult women. They described themselves as faithful, unique persons who defied negative stereotypes, avoided risky situations, wanted to be strong women like their …

Bond Strength Of Direct And Indirect Bonded Brackets After Thermocycling, Jacob Daub, David W. Berzins, Brandon James Linn, T. Gerard Bradley

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Thermocycling simulates the temperature dynamics in the oral environment. With direct bonding, thermocycling reduces the bond strength of orthodontic adhesives to tooth structure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths (SBS) of one direct and two indirect bonding methods/adhesives after thermocycling. Sixty human premolars were divided into three groups. Teeth in group 1 were bonded directly with Transbond XT. Teeth in group 2 were indirect bonded with Transbond XT/Sondhi Rapid Set, which is chemically cured. Teeth in group 3 were indirect bonded with Enlight LV/Orthosolo and light cured. Each sample was thermocycled between 5°C and …

A Comparison Of Bond Strength Between Direct- And Indirect-Bonding Methods, Brandon James Linn, David W. Berzins, Virendra B. Dhuru, T. Gerard Bradley

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength and the sites of bond failure for brackets bonded to teeth, using two indirect-bonding material protocols and a direct-bonding technique. Sixty extracted human premolars were collected and randomly divided into three groups. The direct-bonded group (group 1) used a light-cured adhesive and primer (Transbond XT). One indirect-bonded group (group 2) consisted of a chemical-cured primer (Sondhi Rapid Set) and light-cured adhesive (Transbond XT), whereas the other group (group 3) used a light-cured primer (Orthosolo) and adhesive (Enlight LV). Forty hours after bonding, the samples were debonded. …

Force To Debond Brackets From High-Fusing And Low-Fusing Porcelain Systems, Nicholas P. Ferri, Theodore Eliades, Spiros Zinelis, T. Gerard Bradley

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that porcelain surface finishing, ie, low- and high-fusing porcelain, has an effect on the amount of force required to debond orthodontic brackets. A total of 20 high-fusing and 20 low-fusing porcelain specimens were prepared, polished, and bonded with standard edgewise brackets using a suggested porcelain bonding protocol. The brackets were debonded with a universal testing machine at shear mode. Resin removal was performed using two methods: a multifluted carbide bur with and without the use of Sof-Lex polishing discs. Representative specimens were studied under a scanning electron microscope before and …

Porcelain Surface Roughness, Color And Gloss Changes After Orthodontic Bonding, Jacob Jarvis, Spiros Zinelis, Theodre Eliades, T. Gerard Bradley

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alteration in surface characteristics after orthodontic debonding of two types of porcelain systems commonly used in prosthetic dentistry. For this purpose, porcelain specimens were fabricated from low-fusing (n = 20) and high-fusing (n = 20) porcelain. The baseline surface roughness, color, and gloss were evaluated using profilometry, color shade index, and gloss study. All specimens were bonded with brackets and debonded using a testing machine at a rate of 0.1 mm/minute crosshead speed. The porcelain surfaces were polished using a 12-fluted carbide composite removal bur (low-fusing, n = 20; high-fusing, n …

Gnathic Osteoblastoma: Clinicopathologic Review Of Seven Cases With Long-Term Follow-Up, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Francesca Angiero, Carl M. Allen, John R. Kalmar, Parish P. Sedghizadeh, Andrew M. Steinhilber

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The clinical, radiographic and histopathologic features of seven cases of osteoblastoma of the jaw bones were analyzed. The mandible was involved in six cases and a periosteal presentation of the tumor was noted in three cases. Six tumors were symptomatic with pain being the common presentation. The radiographic appearance of the intraosseous tumors varied from well-defined radiolucencies to poorly-defined mixed lesions. A small periosteal tumor was undetectable radiographically. Histopathologically, the tumors exhibited variation in woven bone formation, osteoblastic rimming, lesional maturation as well as interaction of the tumor with surrounding host tissue. Intraosseous tumors were managed with aggressive surgical curettage …

Validity And Reliability Of The Perceived Readiness For Discharge After Birth Scale, Marianne E. Weiss, Polly Ryan, Lisa Lokken

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of a scale measuring mothers’ perceptions of readiness for discharge after birth.

Design: Psychometric analyses including construct validity using factor analysis and known groups comparisons, predictive validity, and reliability. Data were collected at discharge and 6 weeks postdischarge. Setting: Tertiary-level perinatal center in the Midwestern United States. Participants: 1,462 postpartum mothers. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Perceived Readiness for Discharge After Birth Scale scores; subscale scores for personal status and knowledge factors.'

Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale contained two factors. Perceived Readiness for Discharge After Birth Scale scores were …

Creating Technology-Enhanced Practice: A University-Home Care-Corporate Alliance, Patricia Flatley Brennan, Laura Burke, Gail Casper, Margaret Sebern, Carolyn Krause, Susan Kossman, Delores Severtson, Judy Murphy

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Insuring full benefit of consumer health informatics innovations requires integrating the technology into nursing practice, yet many valuable innovations are developed in research projects and never reach full integration. To avoid this outcome, a team of researchers partnered with a home care agency’s staff and patients and their corporate parent’s Information Systems and Research group to create a Technology-Enhanced Practice (TEP) designed to enhance care of home bound patients and their family care givers. The technology core of TEP, the HeartCare2 web site, was built in a collaborative process and deployed within the existing patient portal of the clinical partner. …

The Present State Of Nfp Science, The Challenges We Face, Richard J. Fehring

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Keyswitch Design Of Desktop And Notebook Keyboards Related To Key Stiffness And Typing Force, Marcia J. Bufton, Richard W. Marklin, Mark L. Nagurka, Guy G. Simoneau

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This study aimed to compare and analyse rubber-dome desktop, spring column desktop and notebook keyboards in terms of key stiffness and fingertip typing force. The spring-column keyboard resulted in the highest mean peak contact force (0.86N), followed by the rubber dome desktop (0.68N) and the notebook (0.59N). All these differences were statistically significant. Likewise, the spring-column keyboard registered the highest fingertip typing force and the notebook keyboard the lowest. A comparison of forces showed the notebook (rubber dome) keyboard had the highest fingertip-to-peak contact force ratio (overstrike force), and the spring-column generated the least excess force (as a ratio of …

Soft Tissue To Hard Tissue Advancement Ratios For Mandibular Elongation Using Distraction Osteogenesis In Children, Michael B. Melugin, Pamela R. Hanson, Christopher A. Bergstrom, William I. Schuckit, T. Gerard Bradley

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Distraction osteogenesis is extensively used for the elongation of hypoplastic mandibles in children, yet the soft tissue profile response to this is not well understood. The pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 27 pediatric patients who underwent bilateral mandibular elongation using distraction osteogenesis were analyzed retrospectively to correlate horizontal soft tissue advancement with horizontal underlying bone advancement at B point and pogonion. Horizontal advancement (in millimeters) of bone and overlying soft tissue at these points was collected from the radiographs of each patient, and linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship of hard to soft tissue horizontal …

Effects Of Sprint Training On Extrarenal Potassium Regulation With Intense Exercise In Type 1 Diabetes, Alison R. Harmer, Patricia A. Ruell, Michael J. Mckenna, Donald J. Chisholm, Sandra K. Hunter, Jeanette M. Thom, Norman R. Morris, Jeff R. Flack

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Effects of sprint training on plasma K⁺ concentration ([K⁺]) regulation during intense exercise and on muscle Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase were investigated in subjects with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) under real-life conditions and in nondiabetic subjects(CON). Eight subjects with T1D and seven CON undertook 7 wk of sprint cycling training. Before training, subjects cycled to exhaustion at 130% peak O₂ uptake. After training, identical work was performed. Arterialized venous blood was drawn at rest, during exercise, and at recovery and analyzed for plasma glucose, [K⁺], Na⁺ concentration ([Na⁺]), catecholamines, …

Clinical And Experimental Applications Of Nir-Led Photobiomodulation, Kristina D. Desmet, David A. Paz, Jesse J. Corry, Janis T. Eells, Margaret T. T. Wong-Riley, Michele M. Henry, Ellen V. Buchmann, Mary P. Connelly, Julia V. Dovi, Huan Ling Liang, Diane S. Henshel, Ronnie L. Yeager, Deborah S. Millsap, Jinhwan Lim, Lisa J. Gould, Rina Das, Marti Jett, Brian D. Hodgson, David Margolis, Harry T. Whelan

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

This review presents current research on the use of far-red to near-infrared (NIR) light treatment in various in vitro and in vivo models. Low-intensity light therapy, commonly referred to as “photobiomodulation,” uses light in the far-red to near-infrared region of the spectrum (630–1000 nm) and modulates numerous cellular functions. Positive effects of NIR–light-emitting diode (LED) light treatment include acceleration of wound healing, improved recovery from ischemic injury of the heart, and attenuated degeneration of injured optic nerves by improving mitochondrial energy metabolism and production. Various in vitro and in vivo models of mitochondrial dysfunction were treated with a variety of …

Spatially-Oriented Emr For Dental Surgery, Min Wu, Lisa J. Koenig, John Lynch, Thomas S. Wirtz

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

As digital dental images become widely available, a new Electronic MR system (EMR) will be critical for the success of applying new technology to dental care. This project is designed an image-based and spatially-oriented EMR for dental surgery. A new panoramic image-based annotation model will be developed, which will complement dental charting precisely locating specific spatial findings for each patient. A spatially-oriented, multilayered data model for dental EMR will be developed using Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. This project will explore the possibility of applying head and neck images from VHP into a spatially-oriented EMR system.

Suppression Of The Tumorigenic Phenotype In Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells By An Ethanol Extract Derived From Freeze-Dried Black Raspberries, Kapila A. Rodrigo, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Robert J. Renner, Steven J. Schwartz, Qingguo Tian, Peter R. Larsen, Susan R. Mallery

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Despite focused efforts to improve therapy, 5-yr survival rates for persons with advanced-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remain discouragingly low. Clearly, early detection combined with strategies for local intervention, such as chemoprevention prior to SCC development, could dramatically improve clinical outcomes. Previously conducted oral cavity human chemoprevention trials, however, have provided mixed results. Although some therapies showed efficacy, they were often accompanied by either significant toxicities or circulating antiadenoviral antibodies. It is clearly apparent that identification of nontoxic, effective treatments is essential to prevent malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasias. This study employed cell lines isolated from human oral …

Psychometric Evaluation Of The Shared Care Instrument In A Sample Of Home Health Care Family Dyads, Margaret Sebern

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Researchers have studied negative effects of caregiving on a family caregiver; however, less is known about positive aspects of exchanging assistance for both members of a family caregiving dyad. In a previous naturalistic inquiry the author indentified a basis for studying caregiving interactions was a construct called shared care. The three components of shared care identified in the naturalistic inquiry were communication, decision making, and reciprocity. The Shared Care Instrument (SCI) was developed to measure the construct. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the SCI, and to assess its construct and criterion-related validity. A …

Wound Debridement With 25 Khz Ultrasound, Margaret Mccarty Stanisic, Barbara Provo, David L. Larson, Luther C. Kloth

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Several methods of wound debridement are described in the literature and are available to health care providers who specialize in wound management. Methods include the use of sharp surgical instruments; mechanical methods, such as whirlpool and pulsed lavage with suction; proteolytic and collagenolytic enzymes; autolysis; and sterile fly larvae (maggots). The use of surgical debridement is generally considered the most efficient method when performed by a skilled physician, who may in one session use his or her discretion to excise some viable tissue along with necrotic tissue in the wound. Sharp debridement performed in a clinical setting is a less …

A Systematic Review Of Mammography Educational Interventions For Low-Income Women, Tatiana Bailey, Jorge Delva, Kimberlee A. Gretebeck, Kristine Siefert, Amid I. Ismail

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of educational interventions in increasing mammography screening among low-income women.

Data Sources

Bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the ISI Web of Science, were searched for relevant articles.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Randomized, community-based trials targeting low-income women and published between January 1980 and March 2003 were included.

Data Extraction

The search yielded 242 studies; 24 met all inclusion criteria.

Data Synthesis

Three studies used mammography vans, three used low-cost vouchers or provided free mammograms, three used …

Studies On The Basis For The Properties Of Fibrin Produced From Fibrinogen-Containing Γ′ Chains, Kevin R. Siebenlist, Michael W. Mosesson, Irene Hernandez, Leslie A. Bush, Enrico Di Cera, John R. Shainoff, James P. Diorio, Laurie Stajanovic

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Human fibrinogen 1 is homodimeric with respect to its γ chains (`γ_A-γ_A'), whereas fibrinogen 2 molecules each contain one γ_A (γ_A1-411V) and one γ' chain, which differ by containing a unique C-terminal sequence from γ'408 to 427L that binds thrombin and factor XIII. We investigated the structural and functional features of these fibrins and made several observations. First, thrombin-treated fibrinogen 2 produced finer, more branched clot networks than did fibrin 1. These known differences in network structure were attributable to delayed release of fibrinopeptide (FP) A from fibrinogen 2 by thrombin, which in …

Shared Care, Elder And Family Member Skills Used To Manage Burden, Margaret Sebern

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Aim. The aim of this paper is to further develop the construct of Shared Care by comparing and contrasting it to related research, and to show how the construct can be used to guide research and practice.

Background. While researchers have identified negative outcomes for family caregivers caused by providing care, less is known about positive aspects of family care for both members of a family dyad. Understanding family care relationships is important to nurses because family participation in the care of chronically ill elders is necessary to achieve optimal outcomes from nursing interventions. A previous naturalistic inquiry …

Do Inhalation General Anesthetic Drugs Induce The Neuronal Release Of Endogenous Opioid Peptides?, Raymond M. Quock, Linda K. Vaughn

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The antagonism of some effects of inhalation general anesthetic agents by naloxone suggests that there may be an opioid component to anesthetic action. There is evidence that this opioid action component is due to neuronal release of endogenous opioid peptides. The strongest evidence is provided by studies that monitor changes in the concentration of opioid peptides in the perfused brain following inhalation of the anesthetic. Indirect or circumstantial evidence also comes from studies of anesthetic effects on regional brain levels of opioid peptides, antagonism of selected anesthetic effects by antisera to opioid peptides and anesthetic-induced changes radioligand binding to opioid …

Cigarette Smoking Among Low-Income African Americans: A Serious Public Health Problem, Jorge Delva, Marisol Tellez, Tracy L. Finlayson, Kimberlee A. Gretebeck, Kristine Siefert, David R. Williams, Amid I. Ismail

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Background

This study examines the current prevalence of cigarette smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked in a community-based sample of 1021 low-income African-American men and women.

Methods

Participants were selected using a two-stage, area probability sample design. Data were collected in 2002–2003 in face-to-face interviews and analyzed in 2005. All data and analyses were weighted to account for the complex sampling design.

Results

Fifty-nine percent of men and 41% of women were current smokers, with younger individuals apparently initiating smoking at an earlier age than older individuals.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of cigarette use provides further evidence that the …

Variability Of Motor Unit Discharge And Force Fluctuations Across A Range Of Muscle Forces In Older Adults, Brian L. Tracy, Katrina S. Maluf, Jennifer L. Stephenson, Sandra K. Hunter

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Variability of motor unit discharge is a likely contributor to the greater force fluctuations observed in old adults at low muscle forces. We sought to determine whether the variability of motor unit discharge rate underlies the fluctuations in force during steady contractions across a range of forces in young (n = 11) and old (n = 14) adults. The coefficient of variation (CV) for discharge rate and force were measured during a force-matching task as the first dorsal interosseous muscle performed isometric contractions. The recruitment thresholds of the 78 motor units ranged from 0.04% to 34% of maximal …

The Absence Of Cd20 Messenger Rna In Recurrent Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Following Rituximab Therapy, Yeshwant B. Rawal, Gerard J. Nuovo, Gwyn E. Frambach, Pierluigi Porcu, Robert A. Baiocchi, Cynthia M. Magro

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Rituximab has been used to treat relapsed low-grade or advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma since 1997, targeting the CD20 antigen expressed by B cells. Single-agent rituximab therapy is safe and well tolerated. Recurrences showing a loss of CD20 expression following rituximab therapy have been reported.

Methods: Four patients with CD20-positive cutaneous B-cell lymphoma received rituximab therapy with subsequent recurrences. The biopsies were assessed for cytoplasmic CD20 expression; CD20 messenger RNA was also assessed where tissue was available.

Results: Cutaneous relapses occurring within 1.5–3 months following the last dose of rituximab were CD20 negative. In three cases, subsequent relapses showed renewed expression …

Basal Body Temperature Assessment: Is It Useful To Couples Seeking Pregnancy?, Mary Lee Barron, Richard J. Fehring

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Advanced practice nurses in primary care settings are often asked to give appropriate advice to couples seeking pregnancy. This article examines the issue of basal body temperature (BBT), a time-honored way to establish the presence of ovulatory cycles, and asks if BBT is an outdated recommendation. The article also reviews the benefits and limitations of recommending BBT to couples seeking pregnancy in light of recent fecundity research.

Protocol For Determining Fertility While Breastfeeding And Not In Cycles, Richard J. Fehring, Mary Lee Barron, Mary Schneider

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

A protocol was developed and evaluated for nonovulating breastfeeding women to determine potential fertility with an electronic hormonal fertility monitor. The amount of required abstinence (i.e., days of potential fertility) through the first menstrual cycle indicated by the fertility monitor was significantly lower (17% of the total days) compared with the amount of abstinence (50% of the total days) indicated by the self-observation of cervical mucus.

Muscle Endurance Is Greater For Old Men Compared With Strength-Matched Young Men, Sandra K. Hunter, Ashley Critchlow, Roger M. Enoka

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose was to compare the time to task failure for a sustained isometric contraction performed at a submaximal intensity with the elbow flexor muscles by young and old men who were matched for strength. Eight young men (18–31 yr) and eight old men (67–76 yr) sustained an isometric contraction at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque until the target torque could no longer be achieved for at least 5 s. The maximal torque exerted at the wrist was similar for the young and old men before the fatiguing task (65.9 ± 8.0 vs. 65.4 ± 8.7 N·m; P …

[Book Review Of] Moral Acquaintances: Methodology In Bioethics, By Kevin Wm. Wildes, Janet Smith

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Patient Safety. From Metaphor To Model: The Clarian Safe Passage Program, Kathryn Rapala, Karlene M. Kerfoot

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

The most important stakeholders in patient safety are alert and mobilized frontline health care staff. At Clarian Health Partners, Indianapolis, IN, clinicians in the Safe Passage Program work jointly with unit staff, physicians, and other departments to continuously improve the level of patient, employee, and visitor safety. Medical error reporting at Clarian has tripled. The enthusiasm and passion of Safe Passage clinicians is both inspiring and energizing.

Aiming For Zero Errors: Clarian’S Safe Passage Program Improves Infusion Safety, Dawn Daniels, Kathryn Rapala

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Few issues command as much attention in the healthcare industry as patient safety. As healthcare professionals and hospital administrators know, nurses are key players in patient safety programs. Nurses are at the best vantage point to see, report, and fix errors before they occur, and the high-touch nature of their jobs puts nurses in the best seat to advocate for a patient and address looming safety issues.

Hospitals across the country are recognizing nurses’ critical role in patient safety, and as a result, more nurses are being placed in pivotal care roles. Clarian Health Partners, a hospital system based in …