Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Serum Hepcidin Levels In Cognitively Normal Older Adults With High Neocortical Amyloid-Beta Load, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Maryam Mohammadi, Kathryn Goozee, Tejal Shah, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Cintia B. Dias, Kaikai Shen, Prita R. Asih, Preeti Dave, Steve Pedrini, Nicholas J. Ashton, Abdul Hye, Kevin Taddei, David B. Lovejoy, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Ralph Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background/Objective:

Hepcidin, an iron-regulating hormone, suppresses the release of iron by binding to the iron exporter protein, ferroportin, resulting in intracellular iron accumulation. Given that iron dyshomeostasis has been observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) together with elevated serum hepcidin levels, the current study examined whether elevated serum hepcidin levels are an early event in AD pathogenesis by measuring the hormone in cognitively normal older adults at risk of AD, based on high neocortical amyloid-β load (NAL).

Methods:

Serum hepcidin levels in cognitively normal participants (n = 100) aged between 65–90 years were measured using ELISA. To evaluate NAL, all …

Role Of Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Vegf) As A Potential Biomarker Of Response To Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy In Advanced Melanoma: Results Of A Pilot Study, Muhammad A. Khattak, Afaf Abed, Anna L. Reid, Ashleigh C. Mcevoy, Michael Millward, Melanie Ziman, Elin S. Gray

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

The development of biomarkers predictive of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies in advanced melanoma is an area of great interest in oncology. Our study evaluated the potential role of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a predictive biomarker of clinical benefit and response to treatment with ICIs.

Methods:

Pre-treatment peripheral blood samples were obtained from advanced melanoma patients undergoing ICI therapy as monotherapy or in combination at two tertiary care hospitals in Western Australia. Serum VEGF levels were correlated with response to therapy and survival outcomes.

Results:

Serum VEGF samples were collected from a total of …

Summary Of Methamphetamine Use Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The Summary of methamphetamine use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is a plain language publication that provides summarised and updated information from the Review of methamphetamine use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people(2019). It provides key information about methamphetamine use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in a style that is easy to engage with. It is particularly useful for health workers and those studying in the field as a quick source of general information about:

• the physical and mental impacts of methamphetamine
• historical and social factors of use
• how common methamphetamine use is …

Chronic Stress Influences Nociceptive Sensitivity Of Female Rats In An Estrous Cycle-Dependent Manner, Chun-Xiao Yang, Yi Wang, Qi Lu, Yan-Na Lian, Enoch Odame Anto, Ying Zhang, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Exposure to chronic stress can influence nociception and further induce hyperalgesia. Whether stress modulation of pain in female animals occurs in an estrous cycle-specific manner is still unclear. We profiled the changes in nociception (thermal, mechanical, formalin-evoked acute and inflammatory pain) of female Sprague-Dawley rats after treatment with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and investigated whether these changes occur in an estrous cycle-dependent manner. The results showed that CUMS female rats exhibited a lower mechanical withdrawal threshold in proestrus and estrus, a longer formalin-evoked licking time in metestrus and diestrus, but no changes in the latency time on the tail-flick …

Can We Predict Expected Adenoma Weight Preoperatively With Reference To The Correlation Of Preoperative Biochemical Tests With Parathyroid Adenoma Weight?, David Chee Weng Leong, Johnny Lo, Hieu Nguyen, Simon Ryan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a prevalent disease with proven benefits for appropriately selected patients who undergo parathyroidectomy. The ability to accurately predict expected single adenoma gland weight as the cause based on preoperative biochemical tests could improve cure rates in a minimally invasive approach. Objective: To assess the correlation between parathyroid weight and preoperative parathyroid hormone and calcium levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism with a solitary adenoma and determine if these could be used to predict expected parathyroid weight. Methods: Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent curative parathyroidectomy from 2013 to 2018 was retrospectively analysed. Results: There is a …

Blood Sampling Through Peripheral Intravenous Cannulas: A Look At Current Practice In Australia, Hugh Davies, Linda L. Coventry, Alycia Jacob, Laurita Stoneman, Elisabeth Jacob

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Sampling blood from a peripheral intravenous cannula offers an alternative to venepuncture. This practice can reduce frequency of venepuncture and patient discomfort. Opponents argue the practice increases the chance of haemolysis, risk of infection and device failure. Aim: To describe the prevalence and practice of blood sampling from peripheral intravenous cannulas by Australian nurses. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and data were collected using an electronic survey. The survey examined Australian nurses’ practice of sampling blood from peripheral intravenous cannulas. Quantitative descriptive data was analysed and presented as frequencies, percentages, medians and ranges. Findings: A total …

Causal Association Of Circulating Cholesterol Levels With Dementia: A Mendelian Randomization Meta-Analysis, Xiaoyu Zhang, Qiuyue Tian, Di Liu, Tao Geng, Xizhu Xu, Siqi Ge, Deqiang Zheng, Lijuan Wu, Manshu Song, Haifeng Hou, Wei Wang, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Prospective studies have shown that abnormally circulating cholesterol is associated with the risk of dementia. However, whether the association is causal or not remains unclear. We attempt to infer the causal association in a MR meta-analysis by using ApoE gene polymorphisms as instrument variables. Studies with dementia risk (27 studies) or circulating lipid levels (7 studies) were included, with totally 3136 dementia patients and 3103 healthy controls. The analyses showed that carriers of ε2 allele significantly were of decreased risk of AD (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.58–0.84; P < 0.01), whereas carriers of ε4 allele were of increased risk of AD (OR = 3.62; 95% CI: 3.03–4.32; P < 0.05), compared to these of ε3 allele. Circulating TC was significantly reduced in carriers of ε2 allele (WMD = − 0.29 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.54 to −0.03; P < 0.05) and increased in carriers of ε4 allele (WMD = 0.42 mmol/l; 95% CI: 0.001–0.84; P < 0.05). In addition, carriers of ε4 allele had reduction in circulating HDL-C (WMD = − 0.04 mmol/L; 95% CI: − 0.07 to −0.001; P < 0.05). In comparing allele ε2 with ε3, the predicted OR of having AD for 1 mg/dL increment in circulating TC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86–0.98; P < 0.05). Comparing allele ε4 with ε3, the predicted OR for a 1 mg/dL increment in TC was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05–17.58; P < 0.05), and reduction in HDL-C was 2.30 (95% CI: 1.51–43.99; P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that high circulating TC and reduced HDL-C levels might be potential risk factors of the development of AD.

Flavonoid Intake And Its Association With Atrial Fibrillation, Nicola P. Bondonno, Kevin Murray, Catherine P. Bondonno, Joshua R. Lewis, Kevin D. Croft, Cecilie Kyro, Gunnar Gislason, Anne Tjonneland, Augustin Scalbert, Aedin Cassidy, Jonathan P. Piccini, Kim Overad, Johnathan M. Hodgson, Frederik Dalgaard

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background & aims: Primary prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) through behavioural and dietary modification is a critically important and unmet need. Flavonoids are bioactive dietary compounds with promising cardiovascular health benefits. Our aim was to investigate the association between flavonoid intake and clinically apparent AF. Methods: Baseline data from 55 613 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study, without AF, recruited between 1993 and 1997, were cross-linked with Danish nationwide registries. Total flavonoid and flavonoid subclass intakes were calculated from validated food frequency questionnaires using the Phenol-Explorer database. Associations between flavonoid intake and incident AF (first-time hospitalization or …

Modelling Biological Age Based On Plasma Peptides In Han Chinese Adults, Weijie Cao, Deqiang Zheng, Guohua Wang, Jie Zhang, Siqi Ge, Manjot Singh, Hao Wang, Manshu Song, Dong Li, Wei Wang, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Age-related disease burdens increased over time, and whether plasma peptides can be used to accurately predict age in order to explain the variation in biological indicators remains inadequately understood. Here we first developed a biological age model based on plasma peptides in 1890 Chinese Han adults. Based on mass spectrometry, 84 peptides were detected with masses in the range of 0.6-10.0 kDa, and 13 of these peptides were identified as known amino acid sequences. Five of these thirteen plasma peptides, including fragments of apolipoprotein A-I (m/z 2883.99), fibrinogen alpha chain (m/z 3060.13), complement C3 (m/z 2190.59), complement C4-A (m/z 1898.21), …

Roles Of Bone-Derived Hormones In Type 2 Diabetes And Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Xuzhu Lin, Danise-Ann Onda, Chien-Hsin Yang, Joshua R. Lewis, Itamar Levinger, Kim Loh

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Emerging evidence demonstrates that bone is an endocrine organ capable of influencing multiple physiological and pathological processes through the secretion of hormones. Recent research suggests complex crosstalk between the bone and other metabolic and cardiovascular tissues. It was uncovered that three of these bone-derived hormones—osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and sclerostin—are involved in the endocrine regulations of cardiometabolic health and play vital roles in the pathophysiological process of developing cardiometabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cardiometabolic diseases and a major contributor to disease progression. Novel evidence also implicates …

A Randomized Control Trial Of Intensive Aphasia Therapy After Acute Stroke: The Very Early Rehabilitation For Speech (Verse) Study, Erin Godecke, Elizabeth Armstrong, Tapan Rai, Natalie Ciccone, Miranda L. Rose, Sandy Middleton, Anne Whitworth, Audrey Holland, Fiona Ellery, Graeme J. Hankey, Dominic A. Cadilhac, Julie Bernhardt, Verse Collaborative Group

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Effectiveness of early intensive aphasia rehabilitation after stroke is unknown. The Very Early Rehabilitation for SpEech trial (VERSE) aimed to determine whether intensive aphasia therapy, beginning within 14 days after stroke, improved communication recovery compared to usual care.

Methods

Prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial conducted at 17 acute-care hospitals across Australia/New Zealand from 2014 to 2018. Participants with aphasia following acute stroke were randomized to receive usual care (direct usual care aphasia therapy), or one of two higher intensity regimens (20 sessions of either non-prescribed (usual care-plus or prescribed (VERSE) direct aphasia therapy). The primary outcome was improvement of communication …

Prevalence Of Somatic-Mental Multimorbidity And Its Prospective Association With Disability Among Older Adults In China, Haibin Li, Anxin Wang, Qi Gao, Xiaonan Wang, Yanxia Luo, Xinghua Yang, Xia Li, Wei Wang, Deqiang Zheng, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

We aimed to identify prevalent somatic-mental multimorbidity (SMM) and examine its prospective association with disability among a nationally representative sample. A total of 6728 participants aged 60 years and older in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included. A total of 14 somatic or mental conditions were assessed in 2013. SMM was defined as any combination of two or more conditions in which at least one condition was somatic and at least one condition was mental. Disability risk was measured using the combined Activities of Daily Living (ADL)-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) index (range 0–11; higher index …

The Acute Effects Of Whole Body Vibration On Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Performance, W. Guy Hornsby, Mark A. South, Jason D. Stone, Hugh S. Lamont, G. Gregory Haff, Michael H. Stone

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the acute effects of whole body vibration (WBV) on isometric mid-thigh pull force–time curve (FTC) characteristics. Eleven recreationally trained subjects were randomly assigned to three treatment conditions: sham no vibration protocol (T1), vibration protocol 30 Hz 2–4 mm amplitude (T2), and vibration protocol 30 Hz 2–4 mm (T3). After completing a standardized warm-up, the subject stood on a vibration platform with the knee at a 120° angle and performed one of the three interventions. Each treatment condition required the subject to stand on the platform for thirty-second treatments, each separated by …

Plasma Transferrin And Hemopexin Are Associated With Altered Aβ Uptake And Cognitive Decline In Alzheimer’S Disease Pathology, Azhaar Ashraf, Nicholas J. Ashton, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Kathryn Goozee, Kaikai Shen, Jurgen Fripp, David Ames, Christopher Rowe, Colin L. Masters, Victor Villemagne, Abdul Hye, Ralph N. Martins, Po-Wah So, Aibl

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:Heme and iron homeostasis is perturbed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); therefore, the aim of the studywas to examine the levels and association of heme with iron-binding plasma proteins in cognitively normal (CN),mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD individuals from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle FlagshipStudy of Ageing (AIBL) and Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH) cohorts.Methods:Non-targeted proteomic analysis by high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed to quantify relativeprotein abundances in plasma samples from 144 CN individuals from the AIBL and 94 CN from KARVIAH cohorts and21 MCI and 25 AD from AIBL cohort. ANCOVA models were utilized …

The Study Protocol For A Pseudo-Randomised Pre-Post Designed Controlled Intervention Trial To Study The Effects Of A 7-Week Cooking Program On Self-Efficacy And Biomarkers Of Health: The Ecu Lifestyle And Biomarkers Get Connected Study (Eculabjmof) Including The Jamie’S Ministry Of Food Wa Participant Experience, Joanna Rees, Claus C. Christophersen, Joshua R. Lewis, Johnny Lo, Ros Sambell, Leesa Costello, Cailyn Walker, Matt F. Byrne, Mary C. Boyce, Robert U. Newton, Amanda Devine

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Australia, like other nations, has experienced a shift in dietary patterns away from home cooking of nutritious foods, towards a reliance on pre-prepared convenience meals. These are typically energy-dense, nutrient-poor and contribute to the rising prevalence of obesity and chronic disease burden. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether a community-based cooking program instigated a change to participants’ skills, attitudes, knowledge, enjoyment and satisfaction of cooking and cooking confidence (self-efficacy). Methods: The pseudo-random, pre-post study design consisted of an intervention and a control group. Participant recruitment and group allocation was based on their program start dates. Intervention …

Dual Tasking Impairments Are Associated With Striatal Pathology In Huntington’S Disease, Johnny Lo, Alvaro Reyes, Timothy S. Pulverenti, Timothy J. Rankin, Danielle M. Bartlett, Pauline Zaenker, Grant Rowe, Kirk Feindel, Govinda Poudel, Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis, Mel R. Ziman, Travis M. Cruickshank

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Recent findings suggest that individuals with Huntington’s disease (HD) have an impaired capacity to execute cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously, or dual task, which gradually worsens as the disease advances. The onset and neuropathological changes mediating impairments in dual tasking in individuals with HD are unclear. The reliability of dual tasking assessments for individuals with HD is also unclear. Objectives: To evaluate differences in dual tasking performance between individuals with HD (presymptomatic and prodromal) and matched controls, to investigate associations between striatal volume and dual tasking performance, and to determine the reliability of dual tasking assessments. Methods: Twenty individuals …

Plasma High Density Lipoprotein Small Subclass Is Reduced In Alzheimer’S Disease Patients And Correlates With Cognitive Performance, Steve Pedrini, Eugene Hone, Veer B. Gupta, Ian James, Elham Teimouri, Ashley I. Bush, Christopher C. Rowe, Victor L. Villemagne, David Ames, Colin L. Masters, Stephanie Rainey-Smith, Guiseppe Verdile, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Manfred R. Raida, Markus Wenk, Kevin Taddei, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Ian Martins, Simon Laws, Ralph Martins, Australian Imaging, Biomarkers And Lifestyle (Aibl) Research Group

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

The link between cholesterol and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has received much attention, as evidence suggests high levels of cholesterol might be an AD risk factor. The carriage of cholesterol and lipids through the body is mediated via lipoproteins, some of which, particularly apolipoprotein E (ApoE), are intimately linked with AD. In humans, high density lipoprotein (HDL) is regarded as a “good” lipid complex due to its ability to enable clearance of excess cholesterol via ‘cholesterol reverse transport’, although its activities in the pathogenesis of AD are poorly understood. There are several subclasses of HDL; these range from the newly …

Sars-Cov-2 Updates In A West African Population And Precautionary Measures For Sustaining Quality Antenatal Care Delivery, Emmanuel Komla Senanu Morhe, Enoch Odame Anto, David Anthony Coall, Eric Adua, Alexander Yaw Debrah, Otchere Addai-Mensah, Michael Owusu, William K.B.A. Owiredu, Christian Obirikorang, Emmanuel Akomanin Asiamah, Emmanuel Acheampong, Evan Adu Asamoah, Lydia Abradu, Agartha Odame Anto, Youxin Wang, Haifeng Hou, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

No abstract provided.

Evolution And Adaptation Of The Avian H7n9 Virus Into The Human Host, Andrew T. Bisset, Gerard F. Hoyne

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Influenza viruses arise from animal reservoirs, and have the potential to cause pandemics. In 2013, low pathogenic novel avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses emerged in China, resulting from the reassortment of avian-origin viruses. Following evolutionary changes, highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses emerged in late 2016. Changes in pathogenicity and virulence of H7N9 viruses have been linked to potential mutations in the viral glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), as well as the viral polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2). Recognizing that effective viral transmission of the influenza A virus (IAV) between humans requires efficient attachment to the upper respiratory …

Isokinetic Eccentric Exercise Substantially Improves Mobility, Muscle Strength And Size, But Not Postural Sway Metrics In Older Adults, With Limited Regression Observed Following A Detraining Period, Anthony David Kay, Anthony John Blazevich, Millie Fraser, Lucy Ashmore, Mathew William Hill

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020, The Author(s). Introduction: Eccentric exercise can reverse age-related decreases in muscle strength and mass; however, no data exist describing its effects on postural sway. As the ankle may be more important for postural sway than hip and knee joints, and with older adults prone to periods of inactivity, the effects of two 6-week seated isokinetic eccentric exercise programmes, and an 8-week detraining period, were examined in 27 older adults (67.1 ± 6.0 years). Methods: Neuromuscular parameters were measured before and after training and detraining periods with subjects assigned to ECC (twice-weekly eccentric-only hip and knee extensor contractions) or …

Skin Temperatures Of Back Or Neck Are Better Than Abdomen For Indication Of Average Proximal Skin Temperature During Sleep Of School-Aged Children, Veronique Bach, Chris R. Abbiss, Jean-Pierre Libert, Susan M. Mccabe

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose: The tight association between sleep, body temperature regulation, and patterns of skin temperature change highlights the necessity for accurate and valid assessment of skin temperatures during sleep. With increased interest in this functional relationship in infants and children, it is important to identify where to best measure proximal skin temperature and whether it is possible to reduce the number of sites of measures, in order to limit the experimental effects in natural settings. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the most suitable single skin temperature sites for representation of average proximal skin temperature during sleep of …

Activate Or Inhibit? Implications Of Autophagy Modulation As A Therapeutic Strategy For Alzheimer’S Disease, Sharmeelavathi Krishnan, Yasaswi Shrestha, Dona P.W. Jayatunga, Sarah Rea, Ralph Martins, Prashant Bharadwaj

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases result in a range of conditions depending on the type of proteinopathy, genes affected or the location of the degeneration in the brain. Proteinopathies such as senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are prominent features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Autophagy is a highly regulated mechanism of eliminating dysfunctional organelles and proteins, and plays an important role in removing these pathogenic intracellular protein aggregates, not only in AD, but also in other neurodegenerative diseases. Activating autophagy is gaining interest as a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic diseases featuring protein aggregation and misfolding, including AD. Although autophagy activation …

Resistance Mechanisms To Targeted Therapy In Braf-Mutant Melanoma - A Mini Review, Lokeswari P. Tangella, Michael E. Clark, Elin S. Gray

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

The introduction of targeted therapies for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanomas have improved survival rates in a significant proportion of patients. Nonetheless, the emergence of resistance to treatment remains inevitable in most patients.

Scope of review

Here, we review known and emerging molecular mechanisms that underlay the development of resistance to MAPK inhibition in melanoma cells and the potential strategies to overcome these mechanisms.

Major conclusions

Multiple genetic and non-genetic mechanisms contribute to treatment failure, commonly leading to the reactivation of the MAPK pathway. A variety of resistance mechanisms are enabled by the underlying heterogeneity and plasticity of melanoma …

The Relationship Between Abdominal Pain And Emotional Wellbeing In Children And Adolescents In The Raine Study, Oyekoya T. Ayonrinde, Oyedeji A. Ayonrinde, Leon A. Adams, Frank M. Sanfilippo, Therese A. O’ Sullivan, Monique Robinson, Wendy H. Oddy, John K. Olynyk

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Abdominal pain is a common reason for medical visits. We examined the prevalence, gastrointestinal, and emotional significance of abdominal pain in a population-based cohort serially followed up from birth to 17 years. Children and adolescents from Generation 2 of the Raine Study participated in comprehensive cross-sectional assessments at ages 2, 5, 8, 10, 14 and 17 years. At 17 years, medical history, general health, gastrointestinal symptoms, medications, health practitioner attendance, and self-rated unhappiness were recorded. Longitudinal data regarding abdominal pain or unhappiness, from serial questionnaires, were analysed to identify factors associated with abdominal pain and adverse emotional health at age …

Compression Garments Reduce Muscle Movement And Activation During Submaximal Running, James R. Broatch, Ned Brophy-Williams, Elissa J. Phillips, Steven J. O'Bryan, Shona Halson, Shannon Barnes, David J. Bishop

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sports compression tights in reducing muscle movement and activation during running. Methods A total of 27 recreationally active males were recruited across two separate studies. For study 1, 13 participants (mean ± SD = 84.1 ± 9.4 kg, 22 ± 3 yr) completed two 4-min treadmill running bouts (2 min at 12 and 15 km·h-1) under two conditions: a no-compression control (CON1) and compression (COMP). For study 2, 14 participants (77.8 ± 8.4 kg, 27 ± 5 yr) completed four 9-min treadmill running bouts (3 min at 8, …

Effectiveness Of A Structured, Framework-Based Approach To Implementation: The Researching Effective Approaches To Cleaning In Hospitals (Reach) Trial, Lisa Hall, Nicole M. White, Michelle Allen, Alison Farrington, Brett G. Mitchell, Katie Page, Kate Halton, Thomas V. Riley, Christian A. Gericke, Nicholas Graves, Anne Gardner

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

BACKGROUND: Implementing sustainable practice change in hospital cleaning has proven to be an ongoing challenge in reducing healthcare associated infections. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable framework-based approach to implement and quantitatively evaluate the implementation of evidence-based practice change in hospital cleaning. DESIGN/METHODS: The Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) trial was a pragmatic, stepped-wedge randomised trial of an environmental cleaning bundle implemented in 11 Australian hospitals from 2016 to 2017. Using a structured multi-step approach, we adapted the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework to support rigorous and …

Effect Of Long-Duration Adventure Races On Cardiac Damage Biomarker Release And Muscular Function In Young Athletes, Anthony Birat, Pierre Bourdier, Alexandre Dodu, Claire Grossoeuvre, Anthony J. Blazevich, Virjile Amiot, Anne-Charlotte Dupont, Stephane Nottin, Sebastien Ratel

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 1- and 2-day adventure races on cardiac muscle damage and skeletal muscle soreness and function in young athletes. Twelve male trained adolescents (14–15 years) completed both 1-day (48.2 km) and 2-day (66.0 km) races that included trail running, mountain biking, kayaking, and in-line skating separated by 10 weeks. Myocardial damage biomarker concentrations (cTnI and CK-MB), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque, perceived knee extensor (KE) muscle soreness (PMS), and drop and squat jump heights were measured before and after each race. Heart rate was also monitored throughout. Mean …

Geographical Disparities In Screening And Cancer- Related Health Behaviour, Belinda Goodwin, Arlen K. Rowe, Fiona Crawford-Williams, Peter Baade, Suzanne K. Chambers, Nicholas Ralph, Joanne F. Aitken

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study aimed to identify whether cancer-related health behaviours including participation in cancer screening vary by geographic location in Australia. Data were obtained from the 2014–2015 Australian National Health Survey, a computer-assisted telephone interview that measured a range of health-related issues in a sample of randomly selected households. Chi-square tests and adjusted odds ratios from logistic regression models were computed to assess the association between residential location and cancer-related health behaviours including cancer screening participation, alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise, and fruit and vegetable intake, controlling for age, socio-economic status (SES), education, and place of birth. The findings show insufficient exercise, …

Increasing Food Expenditure In Long Daycare By An Extra $0.50 Per Child/Day Would Improve Core Food Group Provision, Ros Sambell, Ruth Wallace, Johnny Lo, Leesa Costello, Amanda Devine

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Early childhood education and care services are a significant feature of Australian family life, where nearly 1.4 million children attended a service in 2019. This paper reports on the cost of food provided to children in long day-care (LDC) services and extrapolates expenditure recommendations to support food provision compliance. A cross-sectional audit of LDC services in metropolitan Perth was conducted to determine food group provision by weighing raw ingredients of meal preparation—morning tea, lunch, and afternoon tea (MT, L, AT). Ingredients were costed at 2017 online metropolitan pricing from a large supermarket chain. Across participating services, 2 days of food …

International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement: Methods For Recording And Reporting Of Epidemiological Data On Injury And Illness In Sport 2020 (Including Strobe Extension For Sport Injury And Illness Surveillance (Strobe-Siis)), Roald Bahr, Ben Clarsen, Wayne Derman, Jiri Dvorak, Carolyn Emery, Caroline Finch, Martin Hägglund, Astrid Junge, Simon Kemp, Karim M. Khan, Stephen W. Marshall, Willem Meeuwisse, Margo Mountjoy, John W. Orchard, Babette Pluim, Kenneth L. Quarrie, Bruce Reider, Martin Schwellnus, Torbjorn Soligard, Keith A. Stokes, Taoomas Timpka, Evert Verhagen, Abhinav Bindra, Rcihard Budgett, Lars Engebretsen, Ugur Erdener, Karim Charmari

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-specific or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illness) epidemiology to date. Our objective was to further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. The IOC …