Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Triglyceride-Glucose Index, Renal Function And Cardiovascular Disease: A National Cohort Study, Cancan Cui, Lin Liu, Te Zhang, Ling Fang, Zhanhao Mo, Yitian Qi, Jia Zheng, Zhijia Wang, Haikun Xu, Han Yan, Siqi Yue, Xuekui Wang, Zhiyuan Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases; however, to what extent the TyG index is associated with cardiovascular diseases through renal function is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the complex association of the TyG index and renal function with cardiovascular diseases using a cohort design. Methods: This study included participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline. We performed adjusted regression analyses and mediation analyses using Cox models. The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Renal function was defined by …

The Cancer Nursing Workforce In Australia: A National Survey Exploring Determinants Of Job Satisfaction, Natalie Bradford, Elizabeth Moore, Karen Taylor, Olivia Cook, Lucy Gent, Theresa Beane, Natalie Williams, Kimberly Alexander, Erin Pitt, Jemma Still, Cameron Wellard, Gemma Mcerlean, Deborah Kirk, Leanne Monterosso, Alexandra Mccarthy, Zerina Lokmic-Tomkins, Jessica Balson, Priscilla Gates

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: To maintain and improve the quality of the cancer nursing workforce, it is crucial to understand the factors that influence retention and job satisfaction. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of cancer nurses in Australia and identify predictors of job satisfaction. Methods: We analysed data from an anonymous cross-sectional survey distributed through the Cancer Nurses Society Australia membership and social media platforms from October 2021 to February 2022. The survey was compared to national nursing registration data. Data were analysed with non-parametric tests, and a stepwise, linear regression model was developed to best predict job satisfaction. Results: Responses were …

A Genomic Survey Of Clostridioides Difficile Isolates From Hospitalized Patients In Melbourne, Australia, Sarah Larcombe, Galain C. Williams, Jacob Amy, Su Chen Lim, Thomas V. Riley, Anthony Muleta, Adele A. Barugahare, David R. Powell, Priscilla A. Johanesen, Allen C. Cheng, Anton Y. Peleg, Dena Lyras

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

There has been a decrease in healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Australia, coupled with an increase in the genetic diversity of strains isolated in these settings, and an increase in community-associated cases. To explore this changing epidemiology, we studied the genetic relatedness of C. difficile isolated from patients at a major hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Whole-genome sequencing of C. difficile isolates from symptomatic (n = 61) and asymptomatic (n = 10) hospital patients was performed. Genomic comparisons were made using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, ribotyping, and toxin, resistome, and mobilome profiling. C. difficle clade 1 strains were found to …

The Kneeling Isometric Plantar Flexor Test: Preliminary Reliability And Feasibility In Professional Youth Football, John J. Mcmahon, Nicholas J. Ripley, Paul Comfort, Francisco J. Robles-Palazón, Jack T. Fahey, Andrew J. Badby, Christopher Bramah

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Calf injuries are common in professional football; thus, the establishment of reliable and time-efficient methods of measuring the peak force capabilities of the plantar flexors with equipment that is accessible to football practitioners is valuable. In this study, we determined the preliminary reliability and feasibility of a new test, termed the kneeling isometric plantar flexion test (KIPFT), for footballers. Twenty-one male youth footballers (age = 17.8 ± 1.1 years, height = 182 ± 5 cm, weight = 77.6 ± 5.9 kg) from English League One football clubs completed three trials of the KIPFT on a wireless force plate at the …

Association Of Impaired Sensitivity To Thyroid Hormones With Hyperuricemia Through Obesity In The Euthyroid Population, Zhiyuan Wu, Yue Jiang, Pingan Li, Yutao Wang, Haiping Zhang, Zhiwei Li, Xia Li, Lixin Tao, Bo Gao, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones is a newly proposed clinical entity associated with hyperuricemia in the subclinical hypothyroid population. However, it is unknown whether the association exists in the euthyroid population. This study aimed to explore the association of impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones (assessed by the thyroid feedback quantile-based index [TFQI], parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index [PTFQI], thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index [TT4RI] and thyroid-stimulating hormone index [TSHI]) with hyperuricemia and quantify the mediating effect of body mass index BMI in the euthyroid population. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled Chinese adults aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the …

Pain Assessment Tools For Use In Infants: A Meta-Review, Diana Arabiat, Evalotte Mörelius, Kreshnik Hoti, Jeffery Hughes

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Identifying pain in infants is challenging due to their inability to self-report pain, therefore the availability of valid and reliable means of assessing pain is critical. Objective: This meta-review sought to identify evidence that could guide the selection of appropriate tools in this vulnerable population. Methods: We searched Scopus, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, MIDRIS, EMCare and Google Scholar for eligible systematic reviews. Eligible reviews documented psychometric properties of available observational tools used to assess pain in infants. Results: A total of 516 reviews were identified of which 11 met our inclusion criteria. We identified 36 pain assessment tools (evaluated in …

Frailty And Pain In An Acute Private Hospital: An Observational Point Prevalence Study, Rosemary Saunders, Kate Crookes, Karla Seaman, Seng Giap Marcus Ang, Caroline Bulsara, Max K. Bulsara, Beverley Ewens, Olivia Gallagher, Renée Graham, Karen Gullick, Sue Haydon, Jeff Hughes, Kim-Huong Nguyen, Bev O’Connell, Debra Scaini, Christopher Etherton-Beer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Frailty and pain in hospitalised patients are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, there is limited data on the associations between frailty and pain in this group of patients. Understanding the prevalence, distribution and interaction of frailty and pain in hospitals will help to determine the magnitude of this association and assist health care professionals to target interventions and develop resources to improve patient outcomes. This study reports the point prevalence concurrence of frailty and pain in adult patients in an acute hospital. A point prevalence, observational study of frailty and pain was conducted. All adult inpatients (excluding high dependency …

Training For “Worst-Case” Scenarios In Sidestepping: Unifying Strength And Conditioning And Perception–Action Approaches, Daniel Kadlec, Matt Miller-Dicks, Sophia Nimphius

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Sidesteps can impose high demands on the knee joint and lead to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Understanding how different constraints shape an athlete’s movement strategy and the associated joint demands can help design training interventions to increase injury resilience. Motor capacities, such as muscular strength and power, act as boundaries for the safe execution of perceptual–motor skills and co-determine the emergence of unique movement strategies. Increasing single- and multi-joint strength enables a broader solution space for movement strategies and increases load tolerance. Manipulating task constraints during sidesteps can be used in the training process to systematically expose athletes …

Change In Habitual Intakes Of Flavonoid-Rich Foods And Mortality In Us Males And Females, Nicola P. Bondonno, Yan Lydia Liu, Yan Zheng, Kerry Ivey, Walter C. Willett, Meir J. Stampfer, Eric B. Rimm, Aedín Cassidy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Higher baseline intakes of flavonoid-rich foods and beverages are associated with a lower risk of chronic disease and mortality in observational studies. However, associations between changes in intakes and mortality remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between 8-year changes in intakes of (1) individual flavonoid-rich foods and (2) a composite measure (termed the ‘flavodiet’) of foods and beverages that are known to be main contributors to flavonoid intake and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality. Methods: We evaluated associations between 8-year changes in intakes of (1) individual flavonoid-rich foods and (2) a novel ‘flavodiet’ score and total and cause-specific …

Large Multi-Ethnic Genetic Analyses Of Amyloid Imaging Identify New Genes For Alzheimer Disease, Muhammad Ali, Derek B. Archer, Priyanka Gorijala, Daniel Western, Jigyasha Timsina, Maria V. Fernández, Ting Chen Wang, Claudia L. Satizabal, Qiong Yang, Alexa S. Beiser, Ruiqi Wang, Gengsheng Chen, Brian Gordon, Tammie L.S. Benzinger, Chengjie Xiong, John C. Morris, Randall J. Bateman, Celeste M. Karch, Eric Mcdade, Alison Goate, Sudha Seshadri, Richard P. Mayeux, Reisa A. Sperling, Rachel F. Buckley, Keith A. Johnson, Hong-Hee Won, Sang-Hyuk Jung, Hang-Rai Kim, Sang W. Seo, Hee J. Kim, Elizabeth Mormino, Simon M. Laws, Kang-Hsien Fan, M. Ilyas Kamboh, Prashanthi Vemuri, Vijay K. Ramanan, Hyun-Sik Yang, Allen Wenzel, Hema S. R. Rajula, Aniket Mishra, Carole Dufouil, Stephanie Debette, Oscar L. Lopez, Steven T. Dekosky, Feifei Tao, Michael W. Nagle, Timothy J. Hohman, Yun J. Sung, Logan Dumitrescu, Carlos Cruchaga, Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight Adrc), The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (Dian), Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (Adni), Adni-Dod, A4 Study Team, The Australian Imaging Biomarkers, Lifestyle (Aibl) Study

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Amyloid PET imaging has been crucial for detecting the accumulation of amyloid beta (AB) deposits in the brain and to study Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We performed a genome-wide association study on the largest collection of amyloid imaging data (N = 13,409) to date, across multiple ethnicities from multicenter cohorts to identify variants associated with brain amyloidosis and AD risk. We found a strong APOE signal on chr19q.13.32 (top SNP: APOE 4; rs429358; = 0.35, SE = 0.01, P = 6.2 × 10–311, MAF = 0.19), driven by APOE 4, and five additional novel associations (APOE 2/rs7412; rs73052335/rs5117, rs1081105, …

Assessing Implementation Fidelity Of An On-Site Pharmacist Intervention Within Australian Residential Aged Care Facilities: A Mixed Methods Study, Miranda Batten, Jane Koerner, Sam Kosari, Mark Naunton, Joanne Lewis, Karen Strickland

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: An on-site pharmacist (OSP) intervention was implemented which sought to improve medication management within residential aged care facilities (RACFs) in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The objectives of this mixed methods study were to evaluate the implementation fidelity of the OSP intervention and to determine the moderating factors which influenced delivery of this intervention. Methods: This convergent parallel mixed methods study was underpinned by Hasson’s conceptual framework for implementation fidelity. Implementation fidelity for seven intervention RACFs was quantitatively assessed using three quantitative data sets: (1) range of OSP intervention activities delivered; (2) random sample of 10% of medication reviews …

At The Cultural Interface: A Systematic Review Of Study Characteristics And Cultural Integrity From Twenty Years Of Randomised Controlled Trials With Indigenous Participants, Tuguy Esgin, Rona Macniven, Alan Crouch, Alexandra Martiniuk

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose and aim: To identify and describe characteristics of Randomised Control Trial (RCT) design, implementation, and interpretation with a view tostrengtheningen the cultural integrity and scientific quality of this genre of research when used with, for and by Indigenous peoples. Issue: RCTs are widely regarded as the ‘gold standard’ method for evaluating the efficacy of an intervention. However, issues of cultural acceptability and higher attrition rates among RCT participants from diverse populations, including Indigenous participants, have been reported. A better understanding of cultural acceptability and attrition rates of RCTs has the potential to impact the translation of findings into effective …

Mapk1 Promotes The Metastasis And Invasion Of Gastric Cancer As A Bidirectional Transcription Factor, Yue Wang, Zheng Guo, Yueli Tian, Liang Cong, Yulu Zheng, Zhiyuan Wu, Guangle Shan, Yao Xia, Yahong Zhu, Xingang Li, Ying Song

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) has both independent functions of phosphorylating histones as a kinase and directly binding the promoter regions of genes to regulate gene expression as a transcription factor. Previous studies have identified elevated expression of MAPK1 in human gastric cancer, which is associated with its role as a kinase, facilitating the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. However, how MAPK1 binds to its target genes as a transcription factor and whether it modulates related gene expressions in gastric cancer remains unclear. Results: Here, we integrated biochemical assays (protein interactions and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)), cellular …

Fatigue Behaviour Of Load-Bearing Polymeric Bone Scaffolds: A Review, Hamed Bakhtiari, Alireza Nouri, Mehrdad Khakbiz, Majid Tolouei-Rad

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Bone scaffolds play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering by providing mechanical support for the growth of new tissue while enduring static and fatigue loads. Although polymers possess favourable characteristics such as adjustable degradation rate, tissue-compatible stiffness, ease of fabrication, and low toxicity, their relatively low mechanical strength has limited their use in load-bearing applications. While numerous studies have focused on assessing the static strength of polymeric scaffolds, little research has been conducted on their fatigue properties. The current review presents a comprehensive study on the fatigue behaviour of polymeric bone scaffolds. The fatigue failure in polymeric scaffolds is …

Multi-Domain Interventions For Dementia Prevention–A Systematic Review, C. B. Castro, L. M. Costa, C. Max B. Dias, J. Chen, H. Hillebrandt, Samantha L. Gardener, B. M. Brown, R. L. Loo, M. L. Garg, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Ralph N. Martins, Hamid R. Sohrabi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objectives: There is a growing incidence of cognitive decline and dementia associated with the ageing population. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and cognitive activities may individually or collectively be undertaken to increase one’s odds of preventing cognitive decline and future dementia. This study will examine whether clinical trials using multidomain lifestyle intervention can significantly decrease the risk of cognitive decline and therefore dementia. Design, Setting and Participants: This systematic literature review of multidomain lifestyle interventions for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia followed the PRISMA guidelines. Clinical trials involving multidomain intervention (i.e., diet and physical activity, or …

Blastocyst Quality And Reproductive And Perinatal Outcomes: A Multinational Multicentre Observational Study, Haowen Zou, James M. Kemper, Elizabeth R. Hammond, Fengqin Xu, Gensheng Liu, Lintao Xue, Xiaohong Bai, Hongqing Liao, Songguo Xue, Shuqin Zhao, Lan Xia, Jean Scott, Vincent Chapple, Masoud Afnan, Dean E. Morbeck, Ben W. J. Mol, Yanhe Liu, Rui Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

STUDY QUESTION: Does the transfer of single low-grade blastocysts result in acceptable reproductive and perinatal outcomes compared to the transfer of single good-grade blastocysts? SUMMARY ANSWER: The transfer of single low-grade blastocysts resulted in a reduced live birth rate of around 30% (14% for very low-grade blastocysts) compared to 44% for single good-grade blastocysts, but does not lead to more adverse perinatal outcomes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: It is known that low-grade blastocysts can result in live births. However, the current studies are limited by relatively small sample sizes and single-centre designs. Furthermore, evidence on perinatal outcomes after transferring low-grade …

Combined Effect Of Adiposity And Elevated Inflammation On Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study, Dan Wu, Yulong Lan, Shuohua Chen, Xiong Ding, Guanzhi Chen, Chutao Wu, Lois Balmer, Wencan Xu, Shouling Wu, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Adiposity and elevated inflammation are two hallmarks of hyperglycemia. However, it is unknown whether clustering of elevated inflammation and adiposity interact act on diabetogenesis and lead to a greater risk for incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Adiposity was indicated by body mass index, waist circumference and ultrasonography-measured fatty liver degrees. Elevated inflammation was indicated as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels ≥ 2 mg/L. Time-to-event survival analyses were conducted to investigate the joint effect of adiposity and inflammation on incident T2D on both multiplicative and additive scales. Results: Among 82,172 non-diabetic participants from a prospective cohort in China, 14,278 T2D …

Consumer Perspectives Of Quality Care: Exploring Patient Journeys From Remote Primary Healthcare Clinics To Alice Springs Hospital, Emslie Lankin, Amanda Graf, Rebecca Schultz, Richard Johnson, Kylie Mccullough

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Problem or background: Residents of Australia's remote regions have lower life expectancies and poorer health outcomes than other Australians. Access to hospital and specialist care frequently requires transport via road or air and time spent away from family and community. Question, hypothesis or aim: To explore consumer perspectives of the journey from remote communities to regional health services and identify areas for improvement. Methods: Individual interviews (n = 16) and yarning circles were used to collect and interpret stories of patient's journeys. Findings: Travel for medical care was common and often required multiple journeys. Complex social and financial barriers to …

Eccentric Muscle Actions Add Complexity To An Already Inconsistent Resistance Exercise Nomenclature, James L. Nuzzo, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

An eccentric muscle action (or contraction) is defined as active muscle lengthening against resistance, which occurs when the force generated by the muscle is smaller than the resistance placed upon it. Eccentric resistance exercise, which involves multiple sessions of repeated eccentric muscle actions, improves muscle strength and other health outcomes. In response to this evidence, new exercise technologies have been developed to permit feasible completion of eccentric muscle actions outside of the laboratory. Consequently, participation in eccentric resistance exercise is projected to increase in the future, and communications about eccentric resistance exercise are likely to reach a wide audience, including …

Nutritional Strategies To Optimise Musculoskeletal Health For Fall And Fracture Prevention: Looking Beyond Calcium, Vitamin D And Protein, James Webster, Jack Dalla Via, Christina Langley, Cassandra Smith, Craig Sale, Marc Sim

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Falls and osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem, particularly among older adults. A third of individuals aged 65 years and over fall at least once each year, with up to 20 % of these resulting in serious injury, including fracture. In conjunction with regular exercise, the importance of diet for musculoskeletal health has largely focused upon calcium, vitamin D, and protein, particularly in the context of preventing falls and fractures. Whilst there is evidence for the benefits of these nutrients for musculoskeletal health, other aspects of the diet remain largely underexplored. For example, vegetables are rich sources of …

Parapapillary Βbm And Γ Zones Played Different Roles In Axial Elongation Among Young Adolescents Using Optical Coherence Tomography, Yin Guo, Jiayan Li, Feifei Tian, Rui Hou, Lijuan Liu, Jiali Duan, Ang Ji, Youxin Wang, Xiuhua Guo, Deqiang Zheng, Wei Wang, Lijuan Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: To evaluate the influencing factors of parapapillary BM and zones incidence in young adolescents and to explore their associations with axial length progression. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 976 seventh-grade students from nine secondary schools in Beijing, China, were enrolled and followed up 1 year later. Parapapillary BM zone was defined as retinal pigment epithelium loss while Bruch's membrane was present. Parapapillary zone was defined as the absence of retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of BM and zone incidence. A linear mixed model was used to analyze …

Pelvic Infection Caused By Periodontitis: A Case Report, Cuihong Tian, Hongle Yan, Ping Tang, Jinqiu Shi, Maolian Liang, Yanyan Wan, Weiping Li, Xizhuo Sun, Chenglu Qin

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Oral bacteria in patients with periodontitis can disseminate into the bloodstream via broken oral epithelial cells, causing odontogenic maxillofacial infections, brain abscesses and endocarditis. However, pelvic infection caused by periodontitis is rare. The case of a 48-year-old woman with a long history of recurrent periodontal infections, who complained of abdominal distention and pain for 14 days after dental implantation, is reported here. Pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging signaled multiple inflammatory encapsulated effusions in the posterior uterus, which were removed by laparoscopic surgery and tested with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Through mNGS, numerous oral pathogens, including Filifactor alocis, were identified …

Quality Assessment Of Hydroquinone, Mercury, And Arsenic In Skin-Lightening Cosmetics Marketed In Ilorin, Nigeria, Olasunkanmi David Bamidele, Blessing A. Kayode, Oluwasegun I. Eniayewu, Adebanjo J. Adegbola, Raphael S. Olatoye, Ngaitad S. Njinga, Sa’Ad T. Abdullahi, Moji T. Bakare-Odunola

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Hydroquinone, Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) are hazardous to health upon long-term exposure. Hydroquinone, Hg, and As were analysed in skin-lightening cosmetics randomly purchased from different cosmetic outlets within the Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The amount of hydroquinone in the samples was determined using a UV-spectrophotometry method at 290 nm. Hg and As were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). UV-spectrophotometry method validation showed excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9993), with limits of detection (0.75 g/mL), limits of quantification (2.28 g/mL), relative standard deviation (0.01–0.35%), and recovery (95.85–103.56%) in the concentration range of 5–50 g/mL. Similarly, r2, LOD, and LOQ for Hg …

Perspectives Of Health Service Providers In Delivering Best-Practice Care For Aboriginal Mothers And Their Babies During The Postnatal Period, Jocelyn Jones, Angela Durey, Natalie Strobel, Kimberley Mcauley, Karen Edmond, Juli Coffin, Daniel Mcaullay

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Evidence suggests that Aboriginal babies in Western Australia are not receiving adequate primary health care in their first 3 months of life, leading to questions about enablers and constraints to delivering such care. This paper presents findings from a qualitative research project investigating health providers’ perceptions and experiences of best and current practice in discharge planning, postnatal care and health education for Aboriginal mothers and their newborn babies. Methods: Constructivist grounded theory guided this research involving 58 semi-structured interviews conducted with health providers who deliver care to Aboriginal mothers and infants. Participants were recruited from hospital-based and primary health …

How Does Apolipoprotein E Genotype Influence The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Alzheimer’S Disease Risk? A Novel Integrative Model, Jaisalmer De Frutos Lucas, Kelsey R. Sewell, Alejandra García-Colomo, Shaun Markovic, Kirk I. Erickson, Belinda M. Brown

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Wide evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) confers protection against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). On the other hand, the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε₄ allele represents the greatest genetic risk factor for developing AD. Extensive research has been conducted to determine whether frequent PA can mitigate the increased AD risk associated with APOE ε₄. However, thus far, these attempts have produced inconclusive results. In this context, one possible explanation could be that the influence of the combined effect of PA and APOE ε₄ carriage might be dependent on the specific outcome measure utilised.

Main body:

In …

Longitudinal Association Of Remnant Cholesterol With Joint Arteriosclerosis And Atherosclerosis Progression Beyond Ldl Cholesterol, Zhiyuan Wu, Jinqi Wang, Haiping Zhang, Huiying Pan, Zhiwei Li, Yue Liu, Xinlei Miao, Ze Han, Xiaoping Kang, Xia Li, Xiuhua Guo, Lixin Tao, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are closely related with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Remnant cholesterol (RC) could predict CVD. However, its effect on joint arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis progression remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association of RC with joint arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis progression trajectories in the general population. Methods: This study collected data across five biennial surveys of the Beijing Health Management Cohort from 2010 to 2019. Multi-trajectory model was used to determine the joint arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis progression patterns by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and ankle brachial index (ABI). We also performed discordance analyses for RC vs. …

Alzheimer’S Disease Genetic Risk And Cognitive Reserve In Relationship To Long-Term Cognitive Trajectories Among Cognitively Normal Individuals, Corinne Pettigrew, Jurijs Nazarovs, Anja Soldan, Vikas Singh, Jiangxia Wang, Timothy Hohman, Logan Dumitrescu, Julia Libby, Brian Kunkle, Alden L. Gross, Sterling Johnson, Qiongshi Lu, Corinne Engelman, Colin L. Masters, Paul Maruff, Simon M. Laws, John C. Morris, Jason Hassenstab, Carlos Cruchaga, Susan M. Resnick, Melissa H. Kitner-Triolo, Yang An, Marilyn Albert

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) genetic risk factors and indices of cognitive reserve (CR) influence risk of cognitive decline, but it remains unclear whether they interact. This study examined whether a CR index score modifies the relationship between AD genetic risk factors and long-term cognitive trajectories in a large sample of individuals with normal cognition.

Methods:

Analyses used data from the Preclinical AD Consortium, including harmonized data from 5 longitudinal cohort studies. Participants were cognitively normal at baseline (M baseline age = 64 years, 59% female) and underwent 10 years of follow-up, on average. AD genetic risk was measured by …

Life In A Time Of Covid: Retrospective Examination Of The Association Between Physical Activity And Mental Well-Being In Western Australians During And After Lockdown, Ben Piggott, Paola Chivers, Kiira Karoliina Sarasjärvi, Ranila Bhoyroo, Michelle Lambert, Lynne Millar, Caroline Bulsara, Jim Codde

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The aim of this study was to examine physical activity and sedentary behaviours during Western Australia’s COVID-19 lockdown and their association with mental well-being. Methods: Participants completed activity related questions approximately two months after a three-month lockdown (which formed part of a larger cross-sectional study from August to October 2020) as part of a 25-minute questionnaire adapted from the Western Australia Health and Well-being Surveillance system. Open-ended questions explored key issues relating to physical activity behaviours. Results: During the lockdown period, 463 participants (female, n = 347; 75.3%) reported lower number of active days (W = 4.47 p < .001), higher non-work-related screen hours per week (W = 11.8 p < .001), and higher levels of sitting time (χ2=28.4 p <. 001). Post lockdown body mass index was higher (U = 3.0 p =.003), with obese individuals reporting the highest non-work-related screen hours per week (Wald χ2= 8.9 p =.012). Inverse associations were found for mental well-being where higher lockdown scores of Kessler-10 (p =.011), Dass-21 anxiety (p =.027) and Dass-21 depression (p =.011) were associated with lower physical activity levels. A key qualitative message from participants was wanting to know how to stay healthy during lockdown. Conclusions: Lockdown was associated with lower physical activity, higher non-work-related screen time and more sitting time compared to post lockdown which also reported higher body mass index. Lower levels of mental well-being were associated with lower physical activity levels during lockdown. Given the known positive affect of physical activity on mental well-being and obesity, and the detrimental associations shown in this study, a key public health message should be considered in an attempt to maintain healthy activity behaviours in future lockdowns and similar emergency situations to promote and maintain positive well-being. Furthermore, consideration should be given to the isolation of a community due to infectious disease outbreaks and to recognise the important role physical activity plays in maintaining weight and supporting good mental health.

‘It’S Been A Lifelong Thing For Me’: Parents’ Experiences Of Facilitating A Healthy Lifestyle For Their Children With Severe Obesity, Liz A. Saunders, Ben Jackson, Lisa Y. Gibson, Justine Doust, James A. Dimmock, Elizabeth A. Davis, Lyndsey Price, Timothy Budden

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: For parents and guardians, assisting children/adolescents with severe obesity to lose weight is often a key objective but a complex and difficult challenge. Our aim in this study was to explore parents’ (and guardians’) perspectives on the challenges they have faced in assisting their children/adolescents with severe obesity to lead a healthy lifestyle. Methods: Thirteen parents/guardians were interviewed from a pool of families who had been referred but did not engage between 2016 and 2018 (N = 103), with the Perth Children’s Hospital Healthy Weight Service, a clinical obesity program for children/adolescents (parent age M = 43.2 years, children …

Cluster Sets To Prescribe Interval Resistance Training: A Potential Method To Optimise Resistance Training Safety, Feasibility And Efficacy In Cardiac Patients, Kimberley L. Way, Hannah J. Thomas, Lewan Parker, Andrew Maiorana, Michelle A. Keske, David Scott, Jennifer L. Reed, Jessica Tieng, Daniel Hackett, Tess Hawkins, Christopher Latella, Rachael Cordina, Derek L. Tran

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The integration of resistance training for cardiac patients leads to important health outcomes that are not optimally obtained with aerobic exercise; these include an increase in muscle mass, maintenance of bone mineral density, and improvements in muscular fitness parameters. Despite the proliferation of evidence supporting resistance exercise in recent decades, the implementation of resistance training is underutilised, and prescription is often sub-optimal in cardiac patients. This is frequently associated with safety concerns and inadequate methods of practical exercise prescription. This review discusses the potential application of cluster sets to prescribe interval resistance training in cardiac populations. The addition of planned, …