Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

How 'Strong' Is The British Army?, Peter Ladlow, C. Suffield, J. P. Greeves, Paul Comfort, J. Hughes, R. P. Cassidy, A. N. Bennett, R. J. Coppack

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

One of six research themes outlined in the 2021 Strategic Delivery Plan for UK Defence Medical Services (DMS) Research 2021–2026 is ‘preventing and treating musculoskeletal injury (MSKI)’.1 The research priorities identified include: ‘injury prevention and prehabilitation’, ‘lower-limb injury’, ‘shortened time to return-to-service’ and ‘physical comorbidity’. The strategic development plan also identified a need for research investigating ‘factors affecting deployment suitability and how they can be assessed and mitigated’. . . .

A Scoping Review Of The Impact Of Food Policy Groups On Local Food Systems In High-Income Countries, Stephanie Louise Godrich, Jess Doe, Sarah Goodwin, Laura Alston, Katherine Kent

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This scoping review aimed to explore international evidence on the impact of Food Policy Groups (FPGs) on local food systems, in urban and rural regions of high-income countries. Peer-reviewed and grey literature were searched to identify 31 documents published between 2002 and 2022 providing evidence on the impact of FPGs. Activities spanned domains including increasing food equity (e.g. strengthening school meals programs); increasing knowledge and/or demand for healthy food (e.g. food literacy programs with children and adults); increasing food access (e.g. enhancing local food procurement); environmental sustainability (e.g. promoting low-waste food items on café menus); economic development (e.g. ensuring local …

Maximal Number Of Repetitions At Percentages Of The One Repetition Maximum: A Meta-Regression And Moderator Analysis Of Sex, Age, Training Status, And Exercise, James L. Nuzzo, Matheus D. Pinto, Kazunori Nosaka, James Steele

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The maximal number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of the one repetition maximum (1RM) [REPS ~ %1RM relationship] is foundational knowledge in resistance exercise programming. The current REPS ~ %1RM relationship is based on few studies and has not incorporated uncertainty into estimations or accounted for between-individuals variation. Therefore, we conducted a meta-regression to estimate the mean and between-individuals standard deviation of the number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of 1RM. We also explored if the REPS ~ %1RM relationship is moderated by sex, age, training status, and/or exercise. A total of …

Overview Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health Status 2023, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The main purpose of the Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status (Overview) is to provide a comprehensive summary of the most recent indicators of the health and current health status of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The Overview has been prepared by HealthInfoNet staff as part of our contribution to supporting those who work in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health sector. The Overview is a key indicator of the HealthInfoNet’s commitment to authentic and engaged knowledge development and exchange.

The initial sections of this Overview provide information about the context of Aboriginal and …

Midwest Food Community: Snapshot Report, Isabelle Chiera, Jess Doe, Amanda Devine, Melissa Stoneham, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food security refers to the adequate physical, social, and economic access to healthy food at all times. The Midwest Food Community project aimed to identify, map, evaluate and strengthen food security initiatives across the region, to support food security action. This report outlines the findings from the Midwest Food Community project, detailing the different types of food security initiatives operating within the region. It provides a summary of how Midwest initiatives are contributing to food security systems change, and how they are working in partnership to deliver their food security initiatives. Based on these findings, region-based recommendations are provided to …

Goldfields Food Community: Snapshot Report, Isabelle Chiera, Jess Doe, Amanda Devine, Melissa Stoneham, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food security refers to the adequate physical, social, and economic access to healthy food at all times. The Goldfields Food Community project aimed to identify, map, evaluate and strengthen food security initiatives across the region, to support food security action. This report outlines the findings from the Goldfields Food Community project, detailing the different types of food security initiatives operating within the region. It provides a summary of how Goldfields initiatives are contributing to food security systems change, and how they are working in partnership to deliver their food security initiatives. Based on these findings, region-based recommendations are provided to …

What Are The Experiences Of Supportive Care In People Affected By Brain Cancer And Their Informal Caregivers: A Qualitative Systematic Review, C. Paterson, C. Roberts, J. Li, M. Chapman, Karen Strickland, N. Johnston, E. Law, R. Bacon, M. Turner, I. Mohanty, G. Pranavan, K. Toohey

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: To critically synthesise qualitative research to understand experiences of supportive care in people affected by brain cancer and their informal caregivers. Methods: A qualitative systematic review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs methodology and has been reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines. Electronic databases were searched by an expert systematic review librarian for all qualitative studies irrespective of research design. All publications were double screened by two reviewers using a pre-determined exclusion and inclusion criteria. The review was managed using Covidence systematic review software. Methodological quality assessment and data extraction …

Effects Of Eccentric Exercise Of The Extensors On Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Of The Flexors In Limbs, Trevor C. Chen, Wei Chin Tseng, Hsing Yu Kang, Chuan Wei Chan, Hsin Lian Chen, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction:

We tested the hypothesis that muscle damage protection effect would be induced by its antagonist muscle eccentric exercise.

Methods:

Sedentary young (20-28y) men were randomly assigned into six groups; three groups each for arm or leg exercise group (n=12/group). One group performed two bouts of 30 maximal eccentric contractions (30MaxEC) of the elbow flexors (EF) or 60 maximal eccentric contractions (60MaxEC) of the knee flexors (KF) using a different arm (contra-EF-EF) or leg (contra-KF-KF) between bouts. The other two groups performed 30MaxEC of the elbow extensors (EE) or 60MaxEC of the knee extensors (KE) first followed by the 30MaxEC …

Editorial: Dietary Nitrate: Friend Or Foe, Liezhou Zhong, Nicola P. Bondonno, Mario Siervo, Catherine P. Bondonno

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

No abstract provided.

Systemic Treatment Of Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa With Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Scoping Review Of The Literature And Conclusions For Future Clinical Research, Elke Niebergall-Roth, Kathrin Dieter, Markus H. Frank, Mark A. Kluth

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to facilitate regenerative responses in inflamed and injured tissues, coupled with preclinical data suggesting potential to restore defective collagen VII at the dermo-epidermal junction, has raised the hope that MSCs may provide an effective disease-modifying therapy for patients suffering from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). Methods: We present a descriptive analysis of the clinical research on systemic MSC administration to RDEB patients available in PubMed, including six early-phase studies and one case report, involving 59 patients who received 1–3 intravenous infusions of MSCs from various sources. Results: Based on 133 MSC infusions, …

Learning From 50 Years Of Aboriginal Alcohol Programs: A Summary, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This publication is a summary of key messages from the book, Learning from 50 years of Aboriginal alcohol programs: beating the grog in Australia by Peter d’Abbs and Nicole Hewlett.

The book provides a comprehensive overview of the many actions taken over the last 50 years to prevent and reduce alcohol harms among Aboriginal people with a focus on actions led by Aboriginal communities. This summary of the book was developed by the HealthInfoNet Alcohol and other Drugs Knowledge Centre in collaboration with the authors, and aims to provide an accessible synthesis of the information and lessons learned as …

Source-Specific Nitrate And Nitrite Intakes And Associations With Sociodemographic Factors In The Danish Diet Cancer And Health Cohort, Dorit W. Erichsen, Pratik Pokharel, Cecilie Kyrø, Jörg Schullehner, Liezhou Zhong, Catherine P. Bondonno, Frederik Dalgaard, Peter Hendriksen, Torben Sigsgaard, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Anja Olsen, Anne Tjønneland, Nicola P. Bondonno

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The dietary source and intake levels of nitrate and nitrite may govern its deleterious versus beneficial effects on human health. Existing evidence on detailed source-specific intake is limited. The objectives of this study were to assess nitrate and nitrite intakes from different dietary sources (plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and water), characterize the background diets of participants with low and high intakes, and investigate how sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associate with intake levels. Methods: In the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort, sociodemographic and lifestyle information was obtained from participants at enrolment (1993–1997). Source-dependent nitrate and nitrite intakes were calculated …

Barriers To Exercise In Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Patient Survey, Kedar Deshpande, John Olynyk, Oyekoya Ayonrinde, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Although adequate physical activity is an essential component of treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated stea-totic liver disease (MASLD), the majority of people with MASLD do not engage in regular exercise and lead sedentary lifestyles. We aimed to identify perceived barriers to exercise and to examine awareness about the role of exercise in the treatment of MASLD. Methods: Individuals aged 18 years and above were recruited from a hepatology outpatient clinic. MASLD severity was assessed using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and transient elastography (TE) determined liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for the severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, respectively. An online questionnaire …

Physiological Mechanisms That Impact Exercise Adaptations For Individuals With Down Syndrome, Emily M. Post, William J. Kraemer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder diagnosed in the United States since 2014. There is a wide range of intellectual severities, with the average IQ of individuals with DS at approximately 50 and adults without intellectual delay at approximately 70-130. Individuals with DS vary from mild to severe cognitive impairment, depending on the phenotypic penetration on the 21st chromosome, with the average cognitive capacity equivalent to a cognitive functioning of an 8- to 9-year-old child. To have successful health, all aspects of health must be considered (i.e., overall health, fitness, and social). Both aerobic training and resistance …

Validity And Reliability Of The Persian Version Of The Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire Among University Staff In Iran, Erfan Ayubi, Salman Khazaei, Shiva Borzouei, Ali R. Soltanian, Samereh Ghelichkhani, Fatemeh Karbin, Yuxiang Yan, Manshu Song, Cuihong Tian, Wei Zhang, Jing Sun, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25) is an established tool for measuring a precision health state between health and illness. The present study aims to assess the validity and reliability of a Persian version of SHSQ-25 (P-SHSQ-25) in a university staff Iranian population. Methods: A sample of 316 academic and supporting staff (163 males, age range from 23 to 64 years old) from Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran was recruited in this population-based cross-sectional study with a questionnaire validation from Apri1 to October 2022. Forward-backward translation method was performed for the SHSQ-25 translation from English to Persian. Internal …

Teacher, Gatekeeper, Or Team Member: Supervisor Positioning In Programmatic Assessment, Janica Jamieson, Simone Gibson, Margaret Hay, Claire Palermo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Competency-based assessment is undergoing an evolution with the popularisation of programmatic assessment. Fundamental to programmatic assessment are the attributes and buy-in of the people participating in the system. Our previous research revealed unspoken, yet influential, cultural and relationship dynamics that interact with programmatic assessment to influence success. Pulling at this thread, we conducted secondary analysis of focus groups and interviews (n = 44 supervisors) using the critical lens of Positioning Theory to explore how workplace supervisors experienced and perceived their positioning within programmatic assessment. We found that supervisors positioned themselves in two of three ways. First, supervisors universally positioned themselves …

Abcb5+ Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Therapy Protects From Hypoxia By Restoring Ca2+ Homeostasis In Vitro And In Vivo, Kaixuan Yan, Jiaxing Zheng, Mark Andreas Kluth, Lin Li, Christoph Ganss, Benito Yard, Richard Magdeburg, Markus H. Frank, Prama Pallavi, Michael Keese

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background:

Hypoxia in ischemic disease impairs Ca²⁺ homeostasis and may promote angiogenesis. The therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in peripheral arterial occlusive disease is well established, yet its influence on cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis remains to be elucidated. We addressed the influence of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 positive mesenchymal stromal cells (ABCB5⁺ MSCs) on Ca²⁺ homeostasis in hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:

Hypoxia was induced in HUVECs by Cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl₂) or Deferoxamine (DFO). Dynamic changes in the cytosolic- and endoplasmic reticulum …

Chemical Restraint As Behavioural Euthanasia: Case Studies From The Royal Commission Into Aged Care Quality And Safety, Patricia Cain, Pelden Chejor, Davina Porock

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The prescription of psychotropic medication to older people living with dementia in residential aged care has become an increasing concern. The use of prescription medication is often prefaced as a way of preventing harm to self and others. However, the use of such medications has been considered a way of managing some of the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Using a large secondary data set, this study aimed to identify the precursors and mediating factors that influence the use of chemical restraint of older people in residential aged care. Methods: Publicly available documents from the Australian Royal Commission …

Assessment Of The Performance Of Haematological And Non-Invasive Fibrotic Indices For The Monitoring Of Chronic Hbv Infection: A Pilot Study In A Ghanaian Population, Eric N. Y. Nyarko, Christian Obirikorang, W. K. B. A. Owiredu, Evans A. Adu, Emmanuel Acheampong

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: Haematological and liver fibrotic markers could be appreciably utilized for effective monitoring of Chronic Hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection, thereby increasing patient’s treatment outcome. The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of complete blood count (CBC) and non-invasive liver-fibrotic indices as markers of prognostic outcome and monitoring in HBV infections. Results: Significant differences in levels of white cell and differentials counts, red blood cell count, hemoglobin indices, and platelet indices were observed between HBV-infected patients (cases) and uninfected persons (controls). Levels of haemoglobin (Hb), total white blood cells (tWBC), neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, and Platelet Distribution width …

Leveraging Igg N-Glycosylation To Infer The Causality Between T2d And Hypertension, Haotian Wang, Yuan Li, Weijie Cao, Jie Zhang, Mingyang Cao, Xiaoni Meng, Di Liu, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Observational studies demonstrated a bidirectional association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension, whereas Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses supported the causality from T2D to hypertension but not causal from hypertension to T2D. We previously found that IgG N-glycosylation is associated with both T2D and hypertension, and thus IgG N-glycosylation might link the causality between them. Methods: We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify IgG N-glycosylation-quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) integrating GWAS for T2D and hypertension and then performed bidirectional univariable and multivariable MR analyses to infer the causal association among them. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) analysis was performed as …

Evaluation Of A Point-Of-Care Ultrasound (Pocus) Workshop For Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation, Ulrich Steinwandel, Linda L. Coventry, Homa Kheirkhah

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly used as a non-invasive vascular access assessment method by clinicians from multiple disciplines worldwide, prior and during vascular access cannulations. While POCUS is a relatively new method to establish a vascular access in patients with complex vascular conditions, it is also essential to train and educate individuals who are novices in the techniques of cannulation so that they become proficient in performing this task subsequently on patients safely and successfully. A simulated environment may be a helpful tool to help healthcare providers establish skills in using POCUS safely and may also help them to …

Supra-Additive Effect Of Chronic Inflammation And Atherogenic Dyslipidemia On Developing Type 2 Diabetes Among Young Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study, Yulong Lan, Dan Wu, Zhiwei Cai, Yuancheng Xu, Xiong Ding, Weiqiang Wu, Shaocong Lan, Lan Chen, Zheng Guo, Lois Balmer, Xingang Li, Manshu Song, Shouling Wu, Jingli Gao, Wei Wang, Youren Chen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Both elevated inflammation and atherogenic dyslipidemia are prominent in young-onset diabetes and are increasingly identified as biologically intertwined processes that contribute to diabetogenesis. We aimed to investigate the age-specific risks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) upon concomitant chronic inflammation and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Methods: Age-stratified Cox regression analysis of the risk of incident diabetes upon co-exposure to time-averaged cumulative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CumCRP) and atherogenic index of plasma (CumAIP) among 42,925 nondiabetic participants from a real-world, prospective cohort (Kailuan Study). Results: During a median 6.41 years of follow-up, 3987 T2D developed. Isolated CumAIP and CumCRP were significantly associated with incident …

Association Between Physical Activity And Reduced Mortality In Inoperable Lung Cancer, Vinicius Cavalheri, Isis Grigoletto, Joanne Mcveigh, David Manners, Terry Boyle, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcintyre, Rajesh Thomas, Jeanie Leong, Samantha Bowyer, Kirsten Mooney, Leon Straker, Daniel A. Galvão

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

We examined device-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour at the time of diagnosis in people with inoperable lung cancer and investigated their associations with 12-month mortality. The people with inoperable lung cancer wore an accelerometer for seven days prior to the treatment commencement. The analysed PA/sedentary behaviour variables included light-intensity PA, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), step count, the total time spent sedentary, and the usual sedentary bout duration. The data on the disease stage, clinical covariates and 12-month mortality were extracted from medical records. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between the PA measures and 12-month mortality, …

Circulating Pre-Treatment T-Cell Receptor Repertoire As A Predictive Biomarker In Advanced Or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Pembrolizumab Alone Or In Combination With Chemotherapy, A. Abed, Aaron B. Beasley, Anna L. Reid, N. Law, L. Calapre, M. Millward, Johnny Lo, Elin S. Gray

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The circulating T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is a dynamic representation of overall immune responses in an individual. Materials and methods: We prospectively collected baseline blood from patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. TCR repertoire metrics were correlated with clinical benefit rate (CBR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We built a logistic regression classifier by fitting all four TCR- repertoire metrics to the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) CBR data. In the subsequent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the resulting logistic regression model probabilities, the best cut-off value was …

Multi-Trajectories Of Triglyceride-Glucose Index And Lifestyle With Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study, Hui Zhou, Xiong Ding, Yulong Lan, Shuohua Chen, Shouling Wu, Dan Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Previous studies using trajectory models focused on examining the longitudinal changes in triglyceride-glucose (TyG) levels and lifestyle scores separately, without exploring the joint evolution of these two factors. This study aimed to identify the multi-trajectories of TyG levels and lifestyle scores and assess their association with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: The study enrolled 47,384 participants from three health surveys of the Kailuan Study. The TyG index was computed as Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)/2], and the lifestyle scores were derived from five factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and …

Major Aviation Accident Investigation Methodologies Used By Itsa Members, Kym Bills, Leesa Costello, Marcus Cattani

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 13 framework for aviation investigation is longstanding and well developed but does not require or audit use of methodologies for investigation analysis, including research literature safety/accident models (SAMs). Government Safety Investigation Authority (SIA) websites rarely mention methodologies. Limited published research engages directly with SIAs. A research/practice gap has been suggested. To address ICAO, SIA and research gaps, this qualitative multi-case study examines SIA use and documentation of methodologies for accident analysis. Nine of seventeen SIA members of the International Transportation Safety Association (ITSA) that investigate aviation accidents agreed to participate and provided written …

Decision-Making In Nursing Research And Practice—Application Of The Cognitive Continuum Theory: A Meta-Aggregative Systematic Review, Tricia O'Connor, Jo Gibson, Joanne Lewis, Karen Strickland, Catherine Paterson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: To explore how the Cognitive Continuum Theory has been used in qualitative nursing research and to what extent it has been integrated in the research process using the Qualitative Network for Theory Use and Methodology (QUANTUM). Background: Theory, research and nursing are intrinsically linked, as are decision-making and nursing practice. With increasing pressure on nurses to improve patient outcomes, systematic knowledge regarding decision-making is critical and urgent. Design: A meta-aggregative systematic review. Methods: Databases: CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and PubMed were searched from inception until May 2022 for peer-reviewed research published in English. Seven studies were included and assessed …

Epidemiology Of Musculoskeletal Injury In Military Recruits: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Myles C. Murphy, Joanne Stannard, Vanessa R. Sutton, Patrick J. Owen, Brendon Park, Paola T. Chivers, Nicolas H. Hart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Injuries are a common occurrence in military recruit training, however due to differences in the capture of training exposure, injury incidence rates are rarely reported. Our aim was to determine the musculoskeletal injury epidemiology of military recruits, including a standardised injury incidence rate. Methods: Epidemiological systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Five online databases were searched from database inception to 5th May 2021. Prospective and retrospective studies that reported data on musculoskeletal injuries sustained by military recruits after the year 2000 were included. We reported on the frequency, prevalence and injury incidence rate. Incidence rate per 1000 training …

What Are The Most Effective Exercise, Physical Activity And Dietary Interventions To Improve Body Composition In Women Diagnosed With Or At High-Risk Of Breast Cancer? A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis, Christine Kudiarasu, Pedro Lopez, Daniel A. Galvão, Robert U. Newton, Dennis R. Taaffe, Lorna Mansell, Brianna Fleay, Christobel Saunders, Caitlin Fox-Harding, Favil Singh

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Obesity has been recognized as a risk factor in the development and recurrence of breast cancer and is also associated with poor prognostic outcomes. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to identify the most effective exercise, physical activity, and dietary interventions to reduce fat mass, body fat percentage and body weight as well as potentially increase lean mass in women diagnosed with or at high risk of breast cancer. Methods: A systematic search of databases was performed up to May 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined the effects of exercise, physical activity and/or dietary interventions on fat mass …

Relationship Between The Cumulative Exposure To Atherogenic Index Of Plasma And Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Huancong Zheng, Kuangyi Wu, Weiqiang Wu, Guanzhi Chen, Zekai Chen, Zefeng Cai, Zhiwei Cai, Yulong Lan, Shouling Wu, Youren Chen

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has been demonstrated as a surrogate marker for ischemic stroke, but there is limited evidence for the effect of long-term elevation of AIP on ischemic stroke. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the relationship between cumulative exposure to AIP and the risk of ischemic stroke. Methods: A total of 54,123 participants in the Kailuan Study who attended consecutive health examinations in 2006, 2008, and 2010 and had no history of ischemic stroke or cancer were included. The time-weighted cumulative AIP (cumAIP) was calculated as a weighted sum of the mean AIP values for each time …