Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Tabaco, Ambiente Y Salud. La Situación En Venezuela Y El Mundo, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

The Shaman's Destiny: Symptoms, Affliction, And The Re-Interpretation Of Illness Among The Taman, Jay H. Bernstein

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Monóxido De Carbono: Amenaza Para La Salud Pública, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Assessing Stress In Teachers: Depressive Symptoms Scales And Neutral Self-Reports Of The Work Environment, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

The focal interest of this chapter on teacher stress is methodologic. The chapter enumerates a number of defects in existing measures of job stress in teachers and, concomitantly, other helping professionals. Alternative ways of measuring stress in teachers are suggested and evaluated. The use of depressive symptom scales in concert with more 'objective' measures of the work environment is discussed. An application of the proposed alternative measurement strategy is described. The wider utility of the measurement strategy is briefly described.

Disabled Does Not Mean "Not Able": A List Of Books On People Who Triumphed Over Their Illnesses And Disabilities, John A. Drobnicki

Publications and Research

This annotated booklist offers guidance on locating biographical information about people who overcame, adapted to, or triumphed over illnesses and/or disabilities.

Burnout In Teachers: Is It Burnout Or Is It Depression?, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Dimensions Of Functional Social Support And Psychological Symptoms, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

In the summer following graduation a sample of 125 female college graduates (mean age = 28) completed Cohen & Wills' ISEL (1985) which includes scales measuring four social support functions: belonging (social companionship), appraisal (availability of confidants), tangible (instrumental), and self-esteem support. In the summer and fall subject status on two outcome scales was ascertained: the Psychophysiologic Symptom Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Reliability of the difference scores suggested that the ISEL scales do not measure entirely different constructs and the ISEL Self-esteem Scale is operationally redundant with the Rosenberg Self-esteem scale and the CES-D. …

The Report Of The American Heart Association Task Force On Strategies To Increase Federal Research Funding, Michael R. Rosen, Harold C. Strauss, Holly G. Atkinson, Alfred P. Fishman, Charles K. Francis, Arnold M. Katz, August M. Watanabe, Francois M. Abboud, Myron L. Weisfeldt, William F. Friedman, Bernadine P. Healy, Scott D. Ballin, Claudia Louis, Rodman D. Starke, Wallace G. Frasher

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Coping With Job-Related Stress: The Case Of Teachers, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Investigated the relationship between coping measures, psychological distress, and job-related morale among 67 teachers. Five occupational coping scales were constructed: advice seeking (ASK), positive comparisons (PCs), selective ignoring (SEL), discipline, and direct action (DIR). Multiple regression analyses with controls for social-demographic factors and adversity in the job environment indicated that ASK and DIR were most consistently related to lower (depressive and psychophysiologic) symptom levels and that PCs and DIR were most consistently related to higher morale (job satisfaction and motivation to continue in the profession). SEL appeared to buffer the impact of adverse work environments on symptoms. Findings suggest that …

Distress In A Sample Of Teachers, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Examined the links between job-related stressors and depressive and psychophysiologic symptoms and morale in 67 New York City teachers. The teachers' mean score on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was higher than might be expected from average community residents. The CES-D and a psychophysiologic symptom scale were correlated as highly as their reliabilities would permit, indicating that they measure the same construct, nonspecific psychological distress. The level of job strain (frequency of ongoing stressors) was more closely related to psychological distress and low morale than episodic stressors, including crimes in which the teacher was …

Bibliography: Women, Aids, & Activism, Polly Thistlethwaite

Publications and Research

This annotated bibliography of the ACT UP/NY Women & AIDS Book Group's Women, AIDS & Activism reflects the scientific, feminist, gay, lesbian, HIV-community work that informed the book's production and ACT UP/NY's activism up to 1990. Book Group members: Marion Banzhaf, Cynthia Chris, Kim Christensen, Alexis Danzig, Risa Denenberg, Zoe Leonard, Deb Levine, Samuel Lurie, Monica Pearl, Catherine Gund, Polly Thistlethwaite, Judith Walker, and Brigitte Weil. Additional members of the original Women and AIDS Handbook Group included Jamie Bauer, Heidi Dorow, Maria Maggenti, Ellen Neipris, Ann Northrop, Sydney Pokorney, Karen Ramspacher, Maxine Wolfe, and Brian Zabcik.

Prostitution And Hiv Infection: Women, Aids, & Activism, Polly Thistlethwaite, Zoe Leonard

Publications and Research

This "Prostitution and HIV Infection" chapter of the ACT UP/NY Women & AIDS Book Group's Women, AIDS & Activism reflects the scientific, feminist, gay, lesbian, HIV-community work that informed ACT UP/NY's activism and analysis on women and HIV infection up to 1990. Book Group members: Marion Banzhaf, Cynthia Chris, Kim Christensen, Alexis Danzig, Risa Denenberg, Zoe Leonard, Deb Levine, Samuel Lurie, Monica Pearl, Catherine Gund, Polly Thistlethwaite, Judith Walker, and Brigitte Weil. Additional members of the original Women and AIDS Handbook Group included Jamie Bauer, Heidi Dorow, Maria Maggenti, Ellen Neipris, Ann Northrop, Sydney Pokorney, Karen Ramspacher, Maxine Wolfe, and …

Neurological Soft Signs And School Achievement: The Mediating Effects Of Sustained Attention, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, David Shaffer, Joseph E. Barmack

Publications and Research

Citation:

Schonfeld, I. S., Shaffer, D., & Barmack, J.E. (1989). Neurological soft signs and school achievement: The mediating effects of sustained attention. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17, 575-596. doi:10.1007/BF00917723

Prediction Of Intellectual Deficits In Children With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Paul Trautman, Candace Erickson, David Shaffer, Patricia O'Connor, Annaliese Sitarz, Antonio Correra, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Possible predictors of reported lower cognitive functioning in irradiated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were investigated. Thirty-four subjects, 5-14 years old, with ALL in continuous complete remission and without evidence of current or past central nervous system disease, were examined 9-110 months after diagnosis, using standard measures of intelligence and academic achievement. Subjects with a history of post-irradiation somnolence syndrome were significantly older at diagnosis than nonsomnolent subjects. Intelligence (IQ) was found to be unrelated to history of somnolence syndrome. IQ and achievement were unrelated to age at irradiation, irradiation-examination interval, and radiation dosages. The strongest predictor of IQ …

Conduct Disorder And Cognitive Functioning: Testing Three Causal Hypotheses, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, David Shaffer, Patricia O'Connor, Stephanie Portnoy

Publications and Research

Studied the relation between cognitive functioning, as evidenced by IQ and achievement test performance, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) categories of conduct disturbance, using data from Black adolescents who were members of collaborative perinatal project from birth to age 7 yrs. At age 17 yrs, Ss and their parents were administered a battery of instruments that included standardized psychiatric diagnostic interviews as part of a call-back study. Analyses were compatible with the hypothesis that deficiencies in cognitive functioning are causally related to adolescent conduct disorder as defined by DSM—III. Results suggest that the relation of cognitive …

Ten-Year Consistency In Neurological Test Performance Of Children Without Focal Neurological Deficit, Stephen Q. Shafer, Cornelius Stokman, David Shaffer, Stephen K-C Ng, Patricia A. O'Connor, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

To assess 'soft-sign' persistence and its correlates outside a referred sample, 159 members of a local birth cohort of the United National Collaborative Perinatal Project were traced and their performance on six neurological test scales was measured at age 17 by examiners blind to their status at age seven. A comparison group was also formed, who had been 'sign-free' at age seven. On four of the six tests (dysdiadochokinesis, mirror movements, dysgraphesthesia and motor slowness) index boys did significantly worse than the comparison boys; by contrast, index girls scored significantly worse than comparisons only on motor slowness.

Early Soft Signs And Later Psychopathology, David Shaffer, Cornelius Stokman, Patricia A. O'Connor, Stephen Shafer, Joseph E. Barmack, Suzanne Hess, D. Spalten, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

At age 17 two motor signs, mirror movements and dysdiadochokinesis, were found in more than half the subjects known to have had the respective signs at age 7. These rates were significantly higher than rates found within the group of subjects who were sign free at age 7.

The Genevan And Cattell-Horn Conceptions Of Intelligence Compared: The Early Implementation Of Numerical Solution Aids, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

The Genevan and Cattell-Horn theories of intelligence are compared. The theories are found to be similar in the following respects: Intelligence (operative intelligence and fluid ability) is conceptualized as adaptational in function; the products of everyday learning and crystallized skills reflect the impress of experience; one category of intelligence (operative intelligence, fluid ability) is conceptualized as prior or more fundamental than the other (learned products, crystallized skills). Important differences were also found: Whereas fluid ability is characterized as formless and fixed, operative intelligence is viewed as highly structured and evolving; a compensatory relation between noegenetic crystallized skills and fluid ability …

Neurological Soft Signs: Their Relationship To Psychiatric Disorder And Iq In Childhood And Adolescence, David Shaffer, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Patricia A. O'Connor, Cornelius Stokman, Paul Trautman, Stephen Shafer, Stephen Ng

Publications and Research

Defines a neurological soft sign (NSS) as a particular form of deviant performance on a motor or sensory test in a neurological status examination. In the present study, 63 male and 26 female 17-yr-olds who had NSSs at 7 yrs of age were compared with sex- and age-matched controls with no NSSs at age 7 yrs. Data obtained on Ss included behavioral and neurological examination at age 7 yrs and psychiatric, neurologic, and IQ (e.g., WAIS) assessment at adolescence. All 6 females and 12 of the 15 males with an anxiety-withdrawal diagnosis and 13 of the 20 males with an …

Parsing Routines In Syntactic Processing: The Effect Of Expected Word Order On Sentence Comprehension, Ann Dibella Jablon

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Two experiments were conducted to test the SVO Expectancy Hypothesis. This hypothesis embodies three claims: (a) the syntactic parsing device has an initial expectation for the SVO (syntactically defined) structure, (b) the parser reads or tracks the syntactic information in the utterance to confirm or adjust its predictions, and (c) the parser has the ability to make on-line revisions based on the syntactic information contained within the utterance.

In the first experiments using tachistoscopic presentation, 75 sentences representing 15 different sentence types were read by subjects. Each type varied in structure and in the clarity of markers, used to indicate …

Parsing Routines In Syntactic Processing: The Effect Of Expected Word Order On Sentence Comprehension, Ann Dibella Jablon

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Two experiments were conducted to test the SVO Expectancy Hypothesis. This hypothesis embodies three claims: (a) the syntactic parsing device has an initial expectation for the SVO (syntactically defined) structure, (b) the parser reads or tracks the syntactic information in the utterance to confirm or adjust its predictions, and (c) the parser has the ability to make on-line revisions based on the syntactic information contained within the utterance.

In the first experiments using tachistoscopic presentation, 75 sentences representing 15 different sentence types were read by subjects. Each type varied in structure and in the clarity of markers, used to indicate …

Caring Choices: Decision-Making About Treatment For Catastrophically Ill Newborns, Betty Wolder Levin

Publications and Research

Decision making for catastrophically ill newborns has recently emerged as a social issue. Advances in biomedical technology and practice, and changes in other economic, social and political factors have led to controversy about norms to guide treatment choice. While much has been written on how such decisions should be made, there has been little social science research on how such decisions are actually made.

The purpose of this dissertation is to elucidate the way that clinicians think about treatment decisions for catastrophically ill newborns. The focus is on decision making with respect to the limitation of treatment in those situations …

A Sentence Test Of Speech Perception: Reliability, Set Equivalence, And Short Term Learning, Arthur Boothroyd, Laurie Hanin, Theresa Hnath

Publications and Research

The general goal of this project is to study the processes and outcomes of speech perception training in postlingually deafened adults fitted with cochlear implants. As part of this work we need to measure speech perception performance, using materials that place different relative emphases on the several components of the speech perception process. One of the materials that we have developed consists of 48 sets of topic-related sentences (see report #RCIl). These sets have been videorecorded by one female talker. One of the audio tracks contains the full acoustical signal. The other contains the output from an electroglottograph and consists …

Critical Note On The Usefulness Of Attention Deficit As A Clinical Syndrome, David Shaffer, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Parental ratings of overactivity are unrelated to teachers' ratings of overactivity or to laboratory measures of inattention. Teachers' ratings of overactivity correlate strongly with teachers' ratings of inattention as well as to laboratory measures of inattention. Teachers' ratings of inattention, however, are unrelated to laboratory measures of inattention when IQ is controlled. There are considerable definitional problems relating to the symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention, making it difficult create a behavioral definition of the psychiatric syndrome of attention deficit disorder.

The Effect Of Cochlear Dysfunction On Central Auditory Speech Test Performance, Barbara Ann Goldstein

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The major purpose of this study was to explore the effect of cochlear dysfunction on central auditory speech test performance. There has been limited research reported concerning the effects of peripheral hearing loss occurring in the absence of central auditory pathology on tests specifically designed to diagnose central auditory impairment. Similarly, there has been limited research reported concerning the effects of peripheral hearing loss in the presence of central auditory pathology on tests designed specifically for the evaluation and diagnosis of central auditory pathology. Despite the lack of such data, these tests are frequently performed on individuals with cochlear pathology, …

An Alternative Policy For Obtaining Cadaver Organs For Transplantation, James L. Muyskens

Publications and Research

Two moral principles have been basic to the legal decisions concerning the rights and duties toward the newly dead. They are the duty to give decent burial and the denial to anyone of a right to ownership of the dead body for commercial profit. The next-of-kin-rather than the church or the state­ have come to bear the primary responsibility for providing decent burial.

The familial duty to give decent burial has come to be understood as a legal right to determine what is to be done to the body in the interval between death and burial.

Armed with this right, …

Predicting Consonant Confusions In Noise On The Basis Of Acoustical Analyses, Judy Robin Dubno

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

No abstract provided.

Stereospecific Opiate Binding In Human Erythrocyte Membranes And Changes In Heroin Addicts, Leo G. Abood, Holly G. Atkinson, Mary Macneil

Publications and Research

Stereospecific opiate binding has been demonstrated in human erythrocyte membranes, having a Kd of 9-10(-9) M. In most respects the binding characteristics resemble those of synaptic membranes. These included the correlation of binding affinity and pharmacological potency of opiates; competition by naloxone; inhibition by Ca2+ and Na+; and sensitivity to phospholipases and trypsin. A comparison of stereospecific opiate binding in control human subjects and heroin addicts revealed a 43% increase in the addict group.

The Velopharyngeal Mechanism: An Electromyographic Study, Fredericka Bell-Berti

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

No abstract provided.

Non-Metric Scaling Of Loudness, Alan M. Richards

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Determination of loudness scales for 1000 Hz stimuli by conventional ratio scaling methods have yielded loudness functions which grow as approximately the 0.54 power of sound pressure. Thus, two-fold loudness differences are equivalent to approximately 10 dB across the auditory continuum. The unidimensional representation of loudness ss a power function of sound intensity implies that if A is twice as loud as B, which, in turn, is twice as loud C, the A will be four times as loud as C. In order to test this implication across the auditory continuum loudness ratio estimates were obtained from four 7x7 matrices …