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Articles 1 - 27 of 27
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: An Unusual Complication Of Bronchial Asthma, S F. Hussain, J A. Khan, M A. Khan
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: An Unusual Complication Of Bronchial Asthma, S F. Hussain, J A. Khan, M A. Khan
Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care
Asthma is a common medical problem in Pakistan. Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA), an immune mediated disease, is an unusual complication of bronchial asthma which can result in bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory failure and death. Early diagnosis is important so that with proper therapy permanent lung damage can be prevented. First described in 19521 , ABPA was thought to be a rare disorder, but with increased awareness amongst the physicians and better diagnostic techniques, äases are being recognized more frequently. The clinical features of ABPA (cough, fever, hemoptysis and lung infiltrates) are usually mistaken for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We present three …
Coexistent Tuberculosis And Carcinoma Of The Colon, M Y. Sheikh, A H. Yousuf, T R. Khalid, M U. Islam, M N. Ahmed
Coexistent Tuberculosis And Carcinoma Of The Colon, M Y. Sheikh, A H. Yousuf, T R. Khalid, M U. Islam, M N. Ahmed
Department of Radiology
No abstract provided.
An Audit On Hospital Management Of Bronchial Asthma, J A. Khan, S Saghir, G Tabassum, S F. Husain
An Audit On Hospital Management Of Bronchial Asthma, J A. Khan, S Saghir, G Tabassum, S F. Husain
Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care
Medical audit is a new concept in developing countries like Pakistan. We carried out this retrospective study on bronchial asthma. The purpose was to see if care given to patient with asthma meets the accepted international standard or not. During this audit several deficiencies were found. Documentation in notes about signs indicating severity of asthma was very poor. Peak flow recording in the notes was also very deficient. There was no documentation in notes whether inhalers technique of the patients has been checked or not. This audit shows that care given to asthma patients is far from satisfactory and we …
Selective Increases In Antibody Isotypes And Immunoglobulin G Subclass Responses To Secreted Antigens In Tuberculosis Patients And Healthy Household Contacts Of The Patients, R Hussain, G Dawood, N Abrar, Z Toossi, A Minai, M Dojki, J J. Ellner
Selective Increases In Antibody Isotypes And Immunoglobulin G Subclass Responses To Secreted Antigens In Tuberculosis Patients And Healthy Household Contacts Of The Patients, R Hussain, G Dawood, N Abrar, Z Toossi, A Minai, M Dojki, J J. Ellner
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies (immunoglobulin M [IgM], IgE, IgG, and IgG subclasses) were determined in 164 tuberculosis patients (pulmonary involvement, n = 135; lymph node involvement, n = 29), 59 healthy household contacts (HC), and 51 healthy endemic donors (EC) by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for reactivity with culture filtrate. Among the isotypes, significant differences between tuberculosis patient groups with either pulmonary or lymph node involvement and healthy control groups (HC and EC) were detected only for IgG (P < 0.001) and IgG1 (P < 0.001) antibodies. Pulmonary patients also showed a significant difference with IgM (P < 0.01) and IgE (P < 0.05) antibodies. HC showed elevation of only IgM antibodies compared with EC, indicating that IgM antibodies may be an indicator of recent infection with M. tuberculosis. These results suggest that the switching of IgM antibody response to IgG1 is a critical event in disease progression. Polyclonal IgG1, IgG3, and IgE antibodies also showed significant elevation (P < 0.05) in patients compared with EC. A strong correlation (rho = 0.254; P < 0.003) was observed between M. tuberculosis-specific IgG1 and polyclonal IgG1 in patients, suggesting that activations of antigen-specific and polyclonal antibodies are related events. No correlation was found between IgG1 antibodies and purified protein derivative skin test results. Since IgG1 antibody responses to culture filtrate are present only after disease establishment, IgG1 responses could provide a useful diagnostic marker of disease.
Primary Amyloidosis Of Gut Presenting With Dysphagia, Zaigham Abbas, Shahab Abid, Naim -Ur- Rehman, Shahid Pervez
Primary Amyloidosis Of Gut Presenting With Dysphagia, Zaigham Abbas, Shahab Abid, Naim -Ur- Rehman, Shahid Pervez
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
A Young Boy With Abdominal Pain, A Jabbar, A Afaq, W Jafri, M Siddiqi, M Ahmed, S Hasan
A Young Boy With Abdominal Pain, A Jabbar, A Afaq, W Jafri, M Siddiqi, M Ahmed, S Hasan
Section of Gastroenterology
At times, acute diffuse abdominal pain can be a diagnostic dilemma, especially when the symptoms appear to be out of proportion to the findings on physical examination. The case of a young boy with abdominal pain is presented.
Evaluation Of Oral Midazolam As Pre-Medication In Day Care Surgery In Adult Pakistani Patients, N Ahmed, F A. Khan
Evaluation Of Oral Midazolam As Pre-Medication In Day Care Surgery In Adult Pakistani Patients, N Ahmed, F A. Khan
Department of Anaesthesia
A placebo controlled randomized double blind study was designed to assess the suitability of oral Midazolam as a premedication in day care surgery in adult Pakistani patients. Fifty ASA I and II patients aged between 20-60 years received either Midazolam 7.5 mg or a placebo approximately one hour prior to surgery. Midazolam 7.5 mg produced significant anxiolysis and sedation (p < 0.001) in comparison to placebo after one hour of premedication. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the mean heart rate and blood pressure in both groups after 1 hour of premedication with a lesser rise in blood pressure and heart rate in the Midazolam group. Psychomotor performance assessed by 'n' deletion test was impaired by Midazolam (p < 0.001) and recall of pictures revealed differences (p < 0.05) in the groups at one hour after premedication. However, at four hours after surgery there were no differences in both groups. These findings indicate that rapidly acting oral Midazolam in doses of 7.5 mg provided safe and effective premedication in terms of anxiolysis, sedation, amnesia and psychomotor performance and is suitable for day surgery.
Audit Changes Clinical Practice! Impact On Rate Of Justification Of Hysterectomy Indication, Khalid S. Khan, J H. Rizvi
Audit Changes Clinical Practice! Impact On Rate Of Justification Of Hysterectomy Indication, Khalid S. Khan, J H. Rizvi
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
After performing a baseline audit in 1986-89, an ongoing quality assurance process was initiated in January, 1990 and all hysterectomies performed over the next 2 year period were analyzed. Hysterectomy indications were divided into two groups: one in which the uterine specimen was expected to show pathology and another in which no pathology was expected. The hysterectomy was considered justified in the former if the pathology report verified the indication or showed a significant alternate pathology. In the latter, validation criteria showing documentation of certain prerequisite diagnostic procedures performed before reverting to hysterectomy, were used to ascertain justification. The overall …
A 55 Year Old Diabetic Presenting With A Rash And Polyneuropathy, S Hyder, H Rasool, H Naqvi, Naila Kayani
A 55 Year Old Diabetic Presenting With A Rash And Polyneuropathy, S Hyder, H Rasool, H Naqvi, Naila Kayani
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
Constitutive Alzheimer's-Type Tau Epitopes In A Neuritogenic Rat Cns Cell Line, Mary P. Lambert, Shasta Sabo, Chi Zhang, S. Ather Enam, William L. Klein
Constitutive Alzheimer's-Type Tau Epitopes In A Neuritogenic Rat Cns Cell Line, Mary P. Lambert, Shasta Sabo, Chi Zhang, S. Ather Enam, William L. Klein
Section of Neurosurgery
Paired helical filaments (PHFs) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) largely comprise hyperphosphorylated forms of the cytoskeletal protein tau. AD-type tau phosphoepitopes, detected by various monoclonal antibodies, are absent from normal adult neurons, but recent studies have shown that their expression may contribute to neuritogenesis and axon differentiation in the developing nervous system. Therefore, we have examined a brain nerve cell line that is spontaneously neuritogenic for possible expression of AD-type tau epitopes. The neuritogenic rat brain cell line B103 was found to constitutively produce two AD-related epitopes of tau, detected by cellular immunofluorescence studies with the PHF-1 and Alz-50 monoclonal antibodies. …
Are Non-Diabetic Women With Abnormal Glucose Screening Test At Increased Risk Of Pre-Eclampsia, Macrosomia And Caesarian Birth?, Khalid S. Khan, Firasat A. Hashmi, J H. Rizvi
Are Non-Diabetic Women With Abnormal Glucose Screening Test At Increased Risk Of Pre-Eclampsia, Macrosomia And Caesarian Birth?, Khalid S. Khan, Firasat A. Hashmi, J H. Rizvi
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
To determine, in non-diabetic women, the relationship of abnormal glucose screening test, with the incidence of pre-eclampsia, macrosomia and caesarian delivery, from 1988-92, 5646 consecutive women attending antenatal clinic were screened with a glucose challenge test (GCT) on their first visit (usually at 16-20 weeks); those with risk factors i.e., history of unexplained perinatal loss, macrosomia or family member with diabetes and an initial abnormal screening test were rescreened at 28-32 weeks, In 482 cases the GCT was abnormal (plasma glucose value was >140 mg% 2 hours after 75g glucose challenge). Of these, 292 had one or more abnormal critical …
Ciprofloxacin In Multi-Resistant Infections In Childhood: An Audit, D M. Khan, Z A. Bhutta
Ciprofloxacin In Multi-Resistant Infections In Childhood: An Audit, D M. Khan, Z A. Bhutta
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Ciprofloxacin is a new orally administrable fluoroquinolones, with considerable efficacy against multiresistant organisms. Its use in the paediatric age group however, is controversial because of the risk of potential articular toxicity. We retrospectively reviewed ciprofloxacin usage over a 32 week periods (June, 1991-September, 1993) in paediatric inpatients at The Aga Khan University Hospital. Ciprofloxacin was used in 21 cases, singly in 11 (52%) and in combination with other antibiotics in a further 10 (48%). The response to therapy was adjudged as 'good' or 'fair' in 13 (62%) cases. Ciprofloxacin was the only sensitive antibiotic in 4 (19%) and resistance to …
Altered Platelet Activating Factor Metabolism In Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, R A. Memon, S A. Saeed, A Jabbar, A Jafri, A H. Gilani, S Saleem, H Akbani
Altered Platelet Activating Factor Metabolism In Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, R A. Memon, S A. Saeed, A Jabbar, A Jafri, A H. Gilani, S Saleem, H Akbani
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Diabetes mellitus is associated with several abnormalities of platelet function. Recent studies have shown that the blood level of platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent inducer of platelet aggregation, is elevated in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and remains unchanged in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. However, the mechanism of this increase in PAF levels has not been determined. In this study we have measured the activity of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase (an enzyme that regulates PAF levels) and lipoprotein levels in control subjects and diabetic patients. The data presented show that plasma PAF acetylhydrolase activity is significantly decreased in …
Diagnostic Evaluation Of Pleural Effusion And The Role Of Needle Pleural Biopsy, S F. Hussain, S Mujahid, J A. Khan
Diagnostic Evaluation Of Pleural Effusion And The Role Of Needle Pleural Biopsy, S F. Hussain, S Mujahid, J A. Khan
Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care
No abstract provided.
A Change Of Il-2 And Il-4 Production In Patients With Helicobactor Pylori Infection, X. G. Fan, Javed Yakoob, X. J. Fan, P. W. N. Keeling
A Change Of Il-2 And Il-4 Production In Patients With Helicobactor Pylori Infection, X. G. Fan, Javed Yakoob, X. J. Fan, P. W. N. Keeling
Section of Gastroenterology
Helicobactor pylori is the most common cause of gastroduodenal inflammation. However, the exact immune pathogenesis is not fully understood. To look for evidence of the immunological mechanism in H. pylori associated disease, we measured cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 levels produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and gastric biopsies in 20 subjects with or without H. pylori infection. H. pylori can stimulate IL-2 and IL-4 production from PBL in H. pylori negative as well as H. pylori positive individuals. The spontaneous IL-2 production by PBL and gastric biopsies was greater (p < 0.0025, <0.001)in H. pylori negative individuals than that in H. pylori infected patients. Increased IL-4 levels from PBL in H. pylori infected patients were found in the presence of H. pylori (p < 0.0025). An increased spontaneous production of IL-4 from gastric biopsies was also observed in H. pylori infected patients (p < 0.025). In conclusion, an enhanced type 2 cytokine production was observed in H. pylori infected patients, which may be responsible for H. pylori chronic infection.
Cholera Admissions In Adults 1989-1994: A Hospital Based Study, Z Abbas, S M. Jafri, S Abid, H Khan
Cholera Admissions In Adults 1989-1994: A Hospital Based Study, Z Abbas, S M. Jafri, S Abid, H Khan
Section of Gastroenterology
In order to gain insight into the distribution of cholera over the years and proportion of monthly admissions under our adult medical services, we scrutinized our records of hospital discharges between 1989 and 1994. Only culture positive cases were included. Each year most of the cases of cholera are admitted between May and November with almost disease free interval from December to April. In 1992 admission rate was 4.24/1000 medical admissions which increased to 12.65 in 1993 and 13.73 in 1994. Though the Vibrio cholerae 01 Ogawa was the major isolate upto May, 1993, Vibrio cholerae non-01 serogroup 0139 dominated …
Thrombolytic Therapy In Acute Myocardial Infarction In Pakistan., M. Asad Karim, Ata Ata-Ur- Rehman Qureshi, Syed Faisal Mahmood, J. Akhter
Thrombolytic Therapy In Acute Myocardial Infarction In Pakistan., M. Asad Karim, Ata Ata-Ur- Rehman Qureshi, Syed Faisal Mahmood, J. Akhter
Department of Medicine
To characterize features of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a Pakistani population, and assess the role of thrombolysis in our country, we studied 194 consecutive admitted patients with enzyme positive AMI. Males were affected three times more frequently; women, although affected less, had a higher incidence of complications than men. Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) was present in 50% patients presenting with AMI. An unusually high incidence of anterior wall myocardial infarction (39%) was seen. Complications were frequent with a predominance of LV failure symptoms. Cardiogenic shock was associated with a very high mortality, in excess of 93%. Streptokinase (SK) …
Microwave Oven--Not Only For Cooking, S Pervez
Microwave Oven--Not Only For Cooking, S Pervez
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
Genetic Variants Of Serum Alpha 1 Antitrypsin, Anjum Shahid, Anwar Ali Siddiqui, Mohammed Anwar Waqar, Sarwar J. Zuberi
Genetic Variants Of Serum Alpha 1 Antitrypsin, Anjum Shahid, Anwar Ali Siddiqui, Mohammed Anwar Waqar, Sarwar J. Zuberi
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Complete absence of data on alpha 1 antitrypsin in this country prompted us to determine serum levels using radial immunodiffusion (RID) and phenotypes by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in 100 healthy adults (52 males and 48 females). Mean serum alpha 1 antitrypsin concentration in healthy subjects was 2.47±0.08 g/l and the main phenotypes MM (70%), M1 M2 (28%) and FM 3(2%) are infrequent in our population (JPMA 45:245,1995).
Pneumonia Caused By Nocardia Caviae In A Healthy Neonate, Perween Mufti, Bushra Jamil
Pneumonia Caused By Nocardia Caviae In A Healthy Neonate, Perween Mufti, Bushra Jamil
Department of Medicine
Nocardia infections have been associated with patients of Aids, chronic granulomatous disease, recipient of organ transplant and malignancy Pulmonary nocardiosis in neonates is an unusual infection. A case of neonatal pulmonary nocardiosis mimicking miliaiy tuberculosis has been reported in the past. We report another case of pulmonary nocardiosis in a neonate presenting as consolidation with pleural effusion and cavitation.
Effectiveness Of Percutaneous Nephrostomy In Reversing Obstructive Renal Failure, I Ahmed, I H. Rizvi, A Aslam, M N. Ahmed, Y A. Hussain
Effectiveness Of Percutaneous Nephrostomy In Reversing Obstructive Renal Failure, I Ahmed, I H. Rizvi, A Aslam, M N. Ahmed, Y A. Hussain
Department of Radiology
A retrospective analysis of 34 patients of obstructive renal failure, initially managed by percutaneous nephrostomy was performed. Pre procedure blood biochemical profile was compared with upto one week follow-up of blood chemistry. There was a decline of 71.1% and 56.08% (P-values 0.0001 and 0.0028) in the mean values of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen respectively at 7 days after the procedure. Improvement in blood biochemical profile was solely dependent on performance of percutaneous nephrostomy.
Severe Thrombocytopenia In A Man With Prostatic Cancer, Saeed Hamid, Ata Khan, Haleem Khan, Roger Sutton, Ikram A. Burney, Mohammad Khurshid
Severe Thrombocytopenia In A Man With Prostatic Cancer, Saeed Hamid, Ata Khan, Haleem Khan, Roger Sutton, Ikram A. Burney, Mohammad Khurshid
Department of Medicine
A 66 year old gentleman was diagnosed to have metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate in 1990, following a CT scan of the abdomen and trans-uretheral resection of prostate (TLJRP). He was started on estrogen therapy (Fosfesterol sodium). Two years later he presented to the emergency room with breathlessness and edema of the left ann of a week’s duration. He admitted to persistence of symptoms of pmstatism and was found to have bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy and pitting edema of the left arm. A doppler scan revealed left subclavian vein thrombosis. The patient was started on i.v. heparin and was maintained on …
Diagnosis Of Genetic Defects By Chromosomal Analysis, Farooq Ghani, Siddiqua Maniac, Zahida Khilji, Mohammad Azim, Mohammad Khurshid
Diagnosis Of Genetic Defects By Chromosomal Analysis, Farooq Ghani, Siddiqua Maniac, Zahida Khilji, Mohammad Azim, Mohammad Khurshid
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Of 901 karyotypes performed over a period of 4 years, genetic anomalies were detected in 162 cases. Down’s syndrome (trisomy 21) was the most common (168.8%) genetic disorder followed by Turner’s syndrome, Philadelphia chromosome, Klinefelter's syndrome, Edward’s syndrome (trisomy 18) and Patau’s syndrome (trisomy 13). All the three trisomies were detected very early in life. Mean age at the time of diagnosis for Turner’s syndrome was 13.3 years, allowing a timely hormone replacement therapy to improve secondary sexual characters. Patients with Klinefelter's syndrome were diagnosed late (mean age 23.6 years), which greatly reduced their chances of an effective therapy to …
Changes In Malaria Associated Morbidity In Children Using Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets In The Bagamoyo District Of Coastal Tanzania, Zul Premji, P. Lubega, Y. Hamisi, E. Mchopa, J. Minjus, W. Checkley, C. Shiff
Changes In Malaria Associated Morbidity In Children Using Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets In The Bagamoyo District Of Coastal Tanzania, Zul Premji, P. Lubega, Y. Hamisi, E. Mchopa, J. Minjus, W. Checkley, C. Shiff
Pathology, East Africa
A community based malaria control intervention using insecticide treated mosquito nets (IMN) has been implemented and tested in 13 villages of the Yombo Division, Bagamoyo District in the Coastal Region, Tanzania, an area holoendemic for P. falciparum malaria. Following extensive sociological research into local perceptions of malaria, the programme was implemented. It was decided by consensus that village mosquito net committees would be the appropriate local level implementers. These were formed and provided with IMN's which were sold to villagers at subsidised cost. The income was invested for use by the committees for sustaining the activity. Use patterns were determined …
Case Of Pelvic Relapse In A Child Suffering From Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Karim Qamruddin, Sheema Hasan, Mohammad Khurshid
Case Of Pelvic Relapse In A Child Suffering From Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Karim Qamruddin, Sheema Hasan, Mohammad Khurshid
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
We describe here a case of an eight years old child suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. She developed pelvic infiltration of leukemic cells while in bone marrow remission and receiving maintenance chemotherapy: She also developed leukemic infiltration of Central Nervous System and died of complications resulting from massive pelvic relapse. With greater number of children in bone marrow and CNS remission, the issue ofpossible greater predisposition to extramedullary relapse has been discussed. The need for greater vigilance towards pelvic surveillance has been stressed.
Hiv-I Infection In A Family Blood Donor, S A Mujeeb, Naila Kayani, Mohammad Khurshid
Hiv-I Infection In A Family Blood Donor, S A Mujeeb, Naila Kayani, Mohammad Khurshid
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
Seroprevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Domestic Animals In Pakistan, M Zaki
Seroprevalence Of Toxoplasma Gondii In Domestic Animals In Pakistan, M Zaki
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections among food animals in South-West Pakistan was measured by serological examination using a commercial latex agglutination test (LAT). In all 262 blood samples, from 100 cattle, 40 sheep, 58 goats and 64 chickens, were collected from the city abattoir. Titers considered diagnostically significant (> or = 1:64) were detected in 25% of cattle and 2.5% of sheep. None of the goats and chickens presented seropositivity for anti-toxoplasma antibodies. The study suggests the need for further investigations to determine the impact of these findings on the human population.