Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Relative Effectiveness Of Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy With Anxious Or Depressed Young People: Rapid Review And Meta-Analysis, Shikara T. Howes, Kevin M. Gorey, Carly M. Charron

Social Work Publications

Global estimates suggest that 25% and 20% of youth have reported elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively, since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to baseline functioning (Racine et al., 2021). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been found to significantly benefit young people experiencing anxiety and depression (Christ et al., 2020). Pandemic-related protocols have led many mental health services to shift to online platforms. We wondered about the comparative efficacy of online versus offline CBT for young people between the ages of 10-25. We responded with a rapid review and meta-analysis of eight randomized controlled trial outcomes. The …

Unmet Healthcare Need Due To Cost Concerns Among U.S. Transgender And Gender-Expansive Adults: Results From A National Survey, Luisa Kcomt, Kevin M. Gorey, Betty Jo Barrett, Dana S. Levin, Jill Grant, Sean Esteban Mccabe

Social Work Publications

This study examines past-year unmet healthcare need due to cost experienced by transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) adults in the United States in the context of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). It also aims to estimate the importance of having health insurance among TGE Americans (transgender men, transgender women, nonbinary/genderqueer people, and cross-dressers). Data were from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey (N ¼ 19,157 adults, aged 25 to 64 years). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) of TGE individuals’ past-year unmet healthcare need due to …

Physical Assessment Skills Taught In Nursing Curricula: A Scoping Review., Sherry Morrell, Natalie Giannotti, Gina Pittman, Adam Mulcaster

Nursing Publications

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review sought to establish the current state of knowledge regarding physical assessment skills taught globally in undergraduate nursing curricula. Explicitly, the review aimed to determine which skills are being taught via curricula and which skills are performed by students in clinical placements, as well as what physical assessment skills are being used by registered nurses in practice.

INTRODUCTION: Nursing programs are expected to teach the physical assessment skills required for entry-level registered nurses to practice competently. The discrepancy lies in determining which skills are essential to teach entry-level nurses and which are unessential.

INCLUSION CRITERIA: Studies that …

Acute Or Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Patients Report Increased Rates Of Medication Allergies., Brandon Clark, Judy Bornais, Scott Miller, Joel Liem

Nursing Publications

Background

The pathophysiology of acute urticaria and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is not completely known. Antibiotic allergies are on the rise, and the typical history is associated with urticarial reactions which can persist. Given this overlap, we sought to determine whether self-reported antibiotic allergies are increased in patients with a history of acute urticaria or CSU.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 950 patients was completed using the electronic medical record of the Windsor Allergy & Asthma Clinic. Cases were identified to have a history of acute urticaria or CSU, whereas controls have an established diagnosis of food allergies, asthma, allergic …

Physiological State Determinants Of Maternal Cortisol Signaling And Its Impact On Offspring Quality And Fitness, Sydney Currier

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Assessing the intergenerational effects of maternal stress is important for predicting how offspring will respond to changing environments. The overall aim of my thesis was to quantify the effects of maternal state on maternally derived egg cortisol and determine whether this variation in egg cortisol impacts Chinook salmon offspring performance and fitness in a sex-specific way. I quantified within-female changes in maternal energetics and reproductive metrics that I linked to egg quality and ultimately embryo survival. I found egg cortisol increases with increasing maternal plasma cortisol, and increases further as plasma cortisol levels rise with each day that eggs are …

Exploring The Role Of Nkr-P1b:Clr-B Interaction In Mouse Mammary Tumour Immunosurveillance, Raghd Al Olabi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Natural killer (NK) cells are large, granular, and cytotoxic innate lymphocytes which do not require prior antigenic exposure to target cancerous and virally infected cells. NK cells possess activating and inhibitory receptors which may activate or inhibit NK cell activity, respectively. In mice, the inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor on NK cells recognizes the C-type lectin-related protein-b (Clr-b) ligand expressed on most autologous cells but downregulated on many tumour cell lines. In B cell lymphoma models, the disruption of NKR-P1B:Clr-b interaction results in delayed tumour development and progression, suggesting that blockage of inhibitory signals from NKR-P1B augments NK cell activity against lymphoma …

The Effects Of Acute Hyperthermia On The Neurovascular Unit, Brooke Renee Shepley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With growing use for hyperthermia as a cardiovascular therapeutic, there is surprisingly little information regarding the acute effects it may have on the integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Indeed, relying on animal data would suggest hyperthermia comparable to levels attained in thermal therapy will disrupt the blood- brain barrier (BBB) and damage the cerebral parenchymal cells. We sought to address the hypothesis that controlled passive hyperthermia is not sufficient to damage the NVU in healthy adults. Eleven young men (age 23 ± 3 years) underwent acute passive heating until +2°C or absolute esophageal temperature of 39.5°C. The presence of …

The Role Of The Nkr-P1b:Clr-B Inhibitory Axis In Nk Cell-Mediated Tumour Immunosurveillance, Abd El Aziz Hendy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system which do not require prior priming to target infected or altered-self cells, such as tumour cells. The basic functions of NK cells include cytotoxicity and cytokine production. These cells possess numerous activating and inhibitory receptors which regulate their function based on a signalling balance. In mice, NK cells possess NKR-P1B inhibitory receptors which recognize the C-type lectin-related protein-b (Clr-b) ligand. This ligand is present on healthy self cells and may be used by cancer cells to evade NK cell effector functions. The disruption of the NKR-P1B:Clr-b axis has been …

An Enhancement To Cnn Approach With Synthesized Image Data For Disease Subtype Classification, Narider Pal Singh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The introduction of genetic testing has profoundly enhanced the prospects of early detection of diseases and techniques to suggest precision medicines. The subtyping of critical diseases has proven to be an essential part of the development of individualized therapies and has led to deeper insights into the heterogeneity of the disease. Studies suggest that variants in particular genes have significant effects on certain types of immune system cells and are also involved in the risk of certain critical illnesses like cancer. By analyzing the genetic sequence of a patient, disease types and subtypes can be predicted. Recent research work has …

A Program Evaluation Of Nutrition-Based Educational Modules Designed For The University Of Windsor Lancers Varsity Athletics, Justine Van Herk

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this program evaluation was to develop nutrition-based educational modules for the coaches and student-athletes at the University of Windsor and to investigate their effectiveness, usefulness, and applicability. The nutrition-based educational modules were a collaborative effort between the Community Health, Environment, and Wellness (CHEW) lab and the Centre for Human Performance and Health (CHPH). Eight teams voluntarily participated in the 6-week implementation period with the nutrition-based educational modules. Following this implementation period, nine participants (n = 2 coaches, n = 7 student-athletes) volunteered to provide feedback during one-on-one semi-structured virtual interviews. The interview guide was divided into …

Nurse Practitioner Opioid Prescribing And Safety Measure Utilization Patterns In Ontario: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Study, Gina Pittman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background. There has been a rise in opioid-related hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and mortality due to opioid poisoning across Canada. There is a gap in research related to Nurse practitioner (NP) opioid prescribing and safety measure utilization patterns and sparse literature related to physician opioid prescribing (Pittman et al., 2020). Purpose. A mixed methods approach, specifically an explanatory sequential three-phase study, was undertaken to explore this topic. The initial phase was development of the quantitative survey, followed by collection and analysis of the quantitative data. A final qualitative phase added insight into the quantitative results. There were four objectives for …

A Network-Based Approach For Computational Drug Repurposing On Cancer Data, Ann Reba Thomas Alexander

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, we are interested in finding the best drugs that can be repurposed for the disease and able to find the adverse effects such drugs that are FDA-Approved. Developing an effective drug can be a time-consuming and expensive crucible method. Network-based machine learning methods are used for predicting a given drug for A that can be used for B. It aims at finding new indications for already existing drugs and therefore increases the available therapeutic choices at a fraction of the cost of new drug development. The perturbation gene expression data corresponding to the MCF7 cell line was …

Bridging Program's Education Environment And Internationally Educated Nurses' Role Transition, Edward Venzon Cruz, Rosario Quicho, Kumaran Mahathevan, Natashia Deer

Nursing Publications

The purpose of this study was to explore a bridging program’s education environment and the role transition of internationally educated nurses (IENs) who were enrolled full-time in Semesters 1 and 2 of the Practical Nursing Bridging Program for IENs at a community college in Toronto, Canada, during the Winter Semester of school year 2018-2019. A survey questionnaire consisting of three parts was used to gather data from 68 IEN students who volunteered to participate in this study. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. Participants’ responses to the open-ended question, “Could you please list any problems/issues …

Healthcare Avoidance Due To Anticipated Discrimination Among Transgender People: A Call To Create Trans-Affirmative Environments, Luisa Kcomt, Kevin M. Gorey, Betty Jo Barrett, Sean Esteban Mccabe

Social Work Publications

Transgender people encounter interpersonal and structural barriers to healthcare access that contribute to their postponement or avoidance of healthcare, which can lead to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Using the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, this study examined avoidance of healthcare due to anticipated discrimination among transgender adults aged 25 to 64 (N ¼ 19,157). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to test whether gender identity/expression, socio-demographic, and transgender-specific factors were associated with healthcare avoidance. Almost one-quarter of the sample (22.8%) avoided healthcare due to anticipated discrimination. Transgender men had increased odds of healthcare avoidance (AOR ¼ 1.32, 95% CI …

Colon Cancer Care Of Hispanic People In California: Paradoxical Barrio Protections Seem Greatest Among Vulnerable Populations, Keren M. Escobar, Mollie Sivaram, Kevin M. Gorey, Isaac N. Luginaah, Sindu M. Kanjeekal, Frances C. Wright

Social Work Publications

Background: We examined paradoxical and barrio advantaging effects on cancer care among socioeconomically vulnerable Hispanic people in California. Methods: We secondarily analyzed a colon cancer cohort of 3,877 non-Hispanic white (NHW) and 735 Hispanic people treated between 1995 and 2005. A third of the cohort was selected from high poverty neighborhoods. Hispanic enclaves and Mexican American (MA) barrios were neighborhoods where 40% or more of the residents were Hispanic or MA. Key analyses were restricted to high poverty neighborhoods. Results: Hispanic people were more likely to receive chemotherapy (RR=1.18), especially men in Hispanic enclaves (RR=1.33) who were also advantaged on …

A Hierarchical Machine Learning Model To Discover Gleason Grade-Specific Biomarkers In Prostate Cancer, Osama Hamzeh, Abedalrhman Alkhateeb, Julia Zhuoran Zheng, Srinath Kandalam, Crystal Leung, Govindaraja Atikukke, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Nallasivam Palanisamy, Luis Rueda

Biomedical Publications

(1) Background:One of the most common cancers that affect North American men and men worldwide is prostate cancer. The Gleason score is a pathological grading system to examine the potential aggressiveness of the disease in the prostate tissue. Advancements in computing and next-generation sequencing technology now allow us to study the genomic profiles of patients in association with their different Gleason scores more accurately and effectively. (2) Methods: In this study, we used a novel machine learning method to analyse gene expression of prostate tumours with different Gleason scores, and identify potential genetic biomarkers for each Gleason group. We obtained …

Physical Assessment Skills In Nursing Curricula: A Scoping Review Protocol, Sherry Morrell, Jody Ralph, Natalie Giannotti, Debbie Dayus, Susan Dennison, Judy Bornais

Nursing Publications

Review objective:This review seeks to establish the current state of knowledge regarding physical assessment skills taught in nursing programs globally. It aims to explore the literature on physical assessment skills taught in nursing curricula globally, skills used by nurses in practice, skills used by students, and core physical assessment skills that are important to teach nursing students.

Physical Assessment Skills In Nursing Curricula: A Scoping Review Protocol., Sherry Morrell, Jody Ralph, Natalie Giannotti, Debbie Dayus, Susan Dennison, Judy Bornais

Nursing Publications

This review seeks to establish the current state of knowledge regarding physical assessment skills taught in nursing programs globally. It aims to explore the literature on physical assessment skills taught in nursing curricula globally, skills used by nurses in practice, skills used by students, and core physical assessment skills that are important to teach nursing students.

Transcriptomics Signature From Next-Generation Sequencing Data Reveals New Transcriptomic Biomarkers Related To Prostate Cancer, Abedalrhman Alkhateeb, Iman Rezaeian, Siva Singireddy, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Lisa A. Porter, Luis Rueda

Biomedical Publications

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among Canadian men. Next-generation sequencing using RNA-Seq provides large amounts of data that may reveal novel and informative biomarkers. We introduce a method that uses machine learning techniques to identify transcripts that correlate with prostate cancer development and progression. We have isolated transcripts that have the potential to serve as prognostic indicators and may have tremendous value in guiding treatment decisions. Analysis of normal versus malignant prostate cancer data sets indicates differential expression of the genes HEATR5B, DDC, and GABPB1-AS1 as potential prostate cancer biomarkers. Our study also supports …

Yoga-Specific Enhancement Of Quality Of Life Among Women With Breast Cancer: Systematic Review And Exploratory Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Daline El-Hashimi, Kevin M. Gorey

Social Work Publications

Physical activities during and after cancer treatment have favorable psychosocial effects. Increasingly, yoga has become a popular approach to improving the quality of life (QoL) of women with breast cancer. However, the extant synthetic evidence on yoga has not used other exercise comparison conditions. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess yoga-specific effects relative to any other physical exercise intervention (eg, aerobics) for women with breast cancer. QoL was the primary outcome of interest. Eight randomized controlled trials with 545 participants were included. The sample-weighted synthesis at immediate postintervention revealed marginally statistically and modest practically significant differences suggesting yoga’s potentially greater …

Multiplicative Advantages Of Hispanic Men Living In Hispanic Enclaves: Intersectionality In Colon Cancer Care: A Research Note, Keren M. Escobar, Mollie Sivaram, Kevin M. Gorey

Social Work Publications

We examined Hispanic enclave paradoxical effects on cancer care among socioeconomically vulnerable people in pre-Obamacare California. We conducted a secondary analysis of a historical cohort of 511 Hispanic and 1,753 non-Hispanic white people with colon cancer. Hispanic enclaves were neighborhoods where 40% or more of the residents were Hispanic, mostly first-generation Mexican American immigrants. An interaction of ethnicity, gender, and Hispanic enclave status was observed such that the protective effects of living in a Hispanic enclave were larger for Hispanic men, particularly married Hispanic men, than women. Risks were also exposed among other study groups: the poor, the inadequately insured, …

Care Of Acute Conditions And Chronic Diseases In Canada And The United States: Rapid Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Keren M. Escobar, Dorian Murariu, Sharon Munro, Kevin M. Gorey

Social Work Publications

This study tested the hypothesis that socioeconomically vulnerable Canadians with diverse acute conditions or chronic diseases have health care access and survival advantages over their counterparts in the USA. A rapid systematic review retrieved 25 studies (34 independent cohorts) published between 2003 and 2018. They were synthesized with a streamlined meta-analysis. Very low-income Canadian patients were consistently and highly advantaged in terms of health care access and survival compared with their counterparts in the USA who lived in poverty and/or were uninsured or underinsured. In aggregate and controlling for specific conditions or diseases and typically 4 to 9 comorbid factors …

A Cross-Sectional Study Of Palliative Care Nurse Attitudes Toward Medical Assistance In Dying, Kathy A. Pfaff, Laurie A. Freeman

Nursing Publications

Background: In 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada decriminalized physician assisted dying for persons suffering grievous and irremediable medical conditions. In Canada, Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) is not provided by professional nurses; however, nurses are involved in providing physical care, education, and support for persons who are in various stages of the process. Its integration in palliative care settings has been controversial as MAiD is philosophically at odds with a palliative care approach that seeks to neither hasten nor prolong natural death. Therefore, it has potential to create moral and ethical distress among palliative care nurses who respect adherence …

Unlocking Open Access: How To Comply With Funders' Mandates., Helen Power

Leddy Library Publications

No abstract provided.

Predatory Publishing: How To Safely Navigate The Waters Of Open Access., Helen Power

Leddy Library Publications

Open access publishing enables scholarship to be openly accessible to everyone, which has countless benefits. However, the open access movement has opened the door for "predatory publishers" to take advantage of researchers surviving in this publish or perish academic landscape. Predatory journals are becoming increasingly common. Nursing researchers, instructors, and students need to be made aware of the dangers of predatory journals, and they need to know how to identify them. While there are blacklists and whitelists that can be used to aid in decision-making, it is critical to note that these lists can never be entirely up to date. …

Relative Effectiveness Of Mindfulness And Cognitive Behavioral Interventions For Anxiety Disorders: Meta-Analytic Review, Samina K. Singh, Kevin M. Gorey

Social Work Publications

Increasingly popular mindfulness intervention innovations seem demonstrably effective in alleviating anxiety among people with anxiety disorders. However, the basis of such primary and synthetic evidence has, for the most part, been comparisons with non-active comparison conditions such as waiting lists. The longest-standing and strongest evidence-informed practices in this field have been cognitive behavioral interventions (CBI). This meta-analysis synthesized evidence from nine randomized trials of the relative effectiveness of mindfulness interventions compared to CBIs (i.e., active control groups) in treating anxiety disorders. The sample-weighted synthesis found no statistically or practically significant differences between the two groups on anxiety alleviation: Cohen’s d …

“Hiv-Related Syndemic Pathways And Risk Subjectivities Among Gay And Bisexual Men: A Qualitative Investigation, Barry D. Adam

Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology Publications

Life history interviews were conducted with 40 gay and bisexual men to identify modes of syndemic experience and risk practice. Out of the interview narratives emerged one major and two minor modes of developmental pathways whereby syndemic conditions are navigated and expressed: (1) a combination of adverse childhood events with later episodes of depression and/or substantial substance use, (2) personal disruption that led to periods of depression and anxiety associated with the stresses of migration, and (3) a disorientation and an unravelling of life trajectory in the transition from family of origin to college or work. Risk practices fell into …

Migration And Sexual Health Among Gay Latino Migrants To Canada, Barry D. Adam

Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology Publications

This paper enquires into the nexus of migration with sexual health among gay Latino migrants in Canada. Interviews with 25 Spanish-speaking interviewees are examined in light of models developed from studies of Latinos in the United States. Canadian immigration policy appears to result in a somewhat different selection of immigrants compared to the United States. Migrants come from a wide range of national and regional backgrounds intersected by race, generation, and social class that influence their perceptions of and adjustment to Canadian society. Pre-migration HIV knowledge varied strongly by generation with older men recalling public panic concerning HIV and younger …

Breast Cancer Care In California And Ontario: Primary Care Protections Greatest Among The Most Socioeconomically Vulnerable Women Living In The Most Underserved Places, Kevin M. Gorey, Caroline Hamm, Isaac N. Luginaah, Guangyong Zou, Eric J. Holowaty

Social Work Publications

Background: Better health care among Canada’s socioeconomically vulnerable versus America’s has not been fully explained. We examined the effects of poverty, health insurance and the supply of primary care physicians on breast cancer care. Methods: We analyzed breast cancer data in Ontario (n = 950) and California (n = 6300) between 1996 and 2000 and followed until 2014. We obtained socioeconomic data from censuses, oversampling the poor. We obtained data on the supply of physicians, primary care and specialists. The optimal care criterion was being diagnosed early with node negative disease and received breast conserving surgery followed by adjuvant radiation …

End-Of-Life Preparations Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender People: Integrative Review Of Prevalent Behaviors, Luisa Kcomt, Kevin M. Gorey

Social Work Publications

Proactively making end-of-life (EOL) preparations is important to ensure high quality EOL care. Critical to preparation is the discussion of preferences with one’s primary health care providers. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people often experience discrimination from health care providers that will detrimentally affect their ability to communicate their care preferences. Structural barriers, such as those based on sexual orientation and gender identity, may impede timely and quality care when one is most in need. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of EOL preparatory behaviors among LGBT people, with particular focus on transgender individuals. Eight …