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Articles 211 - 228 of 228
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Extreme Evolutionary Conservation Of Functionally Important Regions In H1n1 Influenza Proteome, Samantha Warren, Xiu-Feng Wan, Gavin Conant, Dmitry Korkin
Extreme Evolutionary Conservation Of Functionally Important Regions In H1n1 Influenza Proteome, Samantha Warren, Xiu-Feng Wan, Gavin Conant, Dmitry Korkin
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Impact Of Extension Gardening Programs On Healthy Attitudes And Behaviors, Erica Odera, Alexa J. Lamm, Courtney Owens, Sandra Thompson, Lawrence Carter
The Impact Of Extension Gardening Programs On Healthy Attitudes And Behaviors, Erica Odera, Alexa J. Lamm, Courtney Owens, Sandra Thompson, Lawrence Carter
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Gardening programs have been increasing in popularity since 1995 when California enacted legislation with the goal of putting a garden in every school. Research has shown positive benefits of gardening programs include increasing a child’s academic skills, environmental awareness, and social skills, but little is known about their impact on healthy attitudes and behaviors. Considering childhood obesity rates are rapidly increasing, understanding how educational programs, such as gardening, can impact health has become important. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact Extension gardening programs had on participants’ healthy attitudes and behaviors. Using a pretest/posttest research design with …
Myplate, Children, And Lack Of Formative Evaluation: A Systematic Review, Nina Roofe, Elson Bihm
Myplate, Children, And Lack Of Formative Evaluation: A Systematic Review, Nina Roofe, Elson Bihm
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Beginning at the critical preschool level, preventing childhood obesity is a multifaceted challenge with health, economic, ethical, and social implications. In particular, increasing emphasis will be placed upon educating children and their caregivers about the USDA’s MyPlate model of good nutrition. To date, evidence-based efforts to teach preschool children nutrition facts and appropriate behaviors are limited, and developers of evidence-based practices do not appear to use formative-evaluation to an adequate extent. Crucial among these evaluations is assessing what the preschool child already knows about the MyPlate components (fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy). University researchers along with graduate students in …
Conversations About The Weight Of America's Children: Barriers Which Prevent Healthcare Providers From Discussing Childhood Obesity, Catherine Blow, Alisa Allicock, Carolynn Desandre, Chandra Cooper-Samuels
Conversations About The Weight Of America's Children: Barriers Which Prevent Healthcare Providers From Discussing Childhood Obesity, Catherine Blow, Alisa Allicock, Carolynn Desandre, Chandra Cooper-Samuels
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify the barriers that prevent practitioners from identifying and counseling parents and caregivers of overweight or obese children. Once identified, barriers were organized into thematic categories (parental, provider, and professional barriers) and recommendations were generated to facilitate discussion about childhood obesity between professionals and parents. Childhood obesity is a significant public health problem. Healthcare providers must be able to effectively communicate with caregivers and put childhood obesity at the front of healthcare discussions. This article provides a synthesis of the relevant literature and makes recommendations for healthcare providers to overcome the …
Full Issue, Volume 1, Number 2, Donna J. Peterson
Full Issue, Volume 1, Number 2, Donna J. Peterson
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
No abstract provided.
Preliminary Assessment Of Diabetic Youth’S Acceptance Of Cinnamon In Treating Diabetes: A Telephone Interview, Valerie Amend, Dawn Vincent, Valerie Amend, Kimberli Pike
Preliminary Assessment Of Diabetic Youth’S Acceptance Of Cinnamon In Treating Diabetes: A Telephone Interview, Valerie Amend, Dawn Vincent, Valerie Amend, Kimberli Pike
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Medications in treatment and control of diabetes can be costly for pediatric patients and families. Therefore, individuals may seek complementary and alternative therapies, such as cinnamon, in addition to traditional treatments. The objective of this study was to determine acceptability of using cinnamon in treatment of diabetes in a pediatric population with diabetes. Seventy-six pediatric diabetes patients at a diabetes clinic participated in a one-time telephone interview using an 18-item, validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were utilized to determine cinnamon acceptability and preferences. The majority of the subjects were between 16-18 years (43%, n = 33), Caucasian (62%, n = 47), …
Cardiac Fibroblast-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Accumulation Is Associated With Diastolic Stiffness In Type 2 Diabetes., Kirk R. Hutchinson, C. Kevin Lord, T. Aaron West, James A. Stewart
Cardiac Fibroblast-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Accumulation Is Associated With Diastolic Stiffness In Type 2 Diabetes., Kirk R. Hutchinson, C. Kevin Lord, T. Aaron West, James A. Stewart
College of Arts and Sciences Publications and Scholarship
Cardiovascular complications are a leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diastolic dysfunction is one of the earliest manifestations of diabetes-induced changes in left ventricular (LV) function, and results from a reduced rate of relaxation and increased stiffness. The mechanisms responsible for increased stiffness are not completely understood. Chronic hyperglycemia, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), and increased levels of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines are molecular pathways known to be involved in regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and accumulation resulting in increased LV diastolic stiffness. Experiments were conducted using a genetically-induced mouse model of T2DM generated by …
A Joint Matrix Completion And Filtering Model For Influenza Serological Data Integration., Xiao-Tong Yuan, Tong Zhang, Xiu-Feng Wan
A Joint Matrix Completion And Filtering Model For Influenza Serological Data Integration., Xiao-Tong Yuan, Tong Zhang, Xiu-Feng Wan
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
Antigenic characterization based on serological data, such as Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay, is one of the routine procedures for influenza vaccine strain selection. In many cases, it would be impossible to measure all pairwise antigenic correlations between testing antigens and reference antisera in each individual experiment. Thus, we have to combine and integrate the HI tables from a number of individual experiments. Measurements from different experiments may be inconsistent due to different experimental conditions. Consequently we will observe a matrix with missing data and possibly inconsistent measurements. In this paper, we develop a new mathematical model, which we refer to …
Exploring Familial Themes In Malaysian Students’ Eating Behaviors, Car Mun Kok
Exploring Familial Themes In Malaysian Students’ Eating Behaviors, Car Mun Kok
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Food-related attitudes and habits are integral to overall well-being, especially among international college students who often practice poor eating habits and experience high levels of stress from factors like school and sociocultural adjustment. Utilizing in-depth interviews, this study explored how family experiences impact food-related habits, attitudes, and beliefs of Malaysian college students in the U.S. Findings indicate that early experiences with family substantially impact current habits that persist even after coming to the U.S. and that dietary choices and habits are heavily embedded in cultural background and family history. Family influenced current habits through multiple means, including modeling, direct teaching, …
Utilizing Technology To Encourage Healthy Lifestyles, Cynthia Shuster, Patricia Brinkman, Lisa Barlage, Michelle Treber, Dana Brown, Linnette Goard
Utilizing Technology To Encourage Healthy Lifestyles, Cynthia Shuster, Patricia Brinkman, Lisa Barlage, Michelle Treber, Dana Brown, Linnette Goard
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
In our fast paced world, using technology allows us to connect with people and assist them in developing healthier lifestyles within their time limits due to families, work, and other responsibilities. The goal of our project was the development of online, technology-based, nutrition, health, and fitness education challenges using social media as a means of helping consumers develop healthy lifestyle changes. Participants completed preassessments and postassessments to determine overall program impact and to self-report perceptions of knowledge gained and practice/behavior change. Results from the challenges indicated participants gained knowledge on nutrition, health and fitness topics while making strides towards lifestyle …
Considering Positive Psychology Constructs Of Life Satisfaction And School Connectedness When Assessing Symptoms Related To Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Emily B. Mancil, Jason M. Bird, Mike Lyons, Kathryn Van Eck, Bradley H. Smith
Considering Positive Psychology Constructs Of Life Satisfaction And School Connectedness When Assessing Symptoms Related To Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Emily B. Mancil, Jason M. Bird, Mike Lyons, Kathryn Van Eck, Bradley H. Smith
Journal of Human Sciences and Extension
Children and adolescents diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) demonstrate significant difficulty with academic and behavioral functioning. This, in turn, can lead to lower educational attainment and vocational achievement, which has serious long-term consequences and costs to individuals and society (Barkley, 2002, 2006; Mannuzza, Klein, Bessler, Malloy, & LaPadula, 1993). Researchers from a positive psychology framework suggest that ADHD symptoms (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity) alone may not fully explain academic impairment (Diener, Scollon, & Lucas, 2004). From the standpoint of positive psychology, life satisfaction and school connectedness are important constructs that examine positive life functioning; however, they have been understudied, particularly in …
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle And One-Carbon Metabolism Pathways Are Important In Edwardsiella Ictaluri Virulence., Neeti Dahal, Hossam Abdelhamed, Jingjun Lu, Attila Karsi, Mark L. Lawrence
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle And One-Carbon Metabolism Pathways Are Important In Edwardsiella Ictaluri Virulence., Neeti Dahal, Hossam Abdelhamed, Jingjun Lu, Attila Karsi, Mark L. Lawrence
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen causing enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC). The disease causes considerable economic losses in the commercial catfish industry in the United States. Although antibiotics are used as feed additive, vaccination is a better alternative for prevention of the disease. Here we report the development and characterization of novel live attenuated E. ictaluri mutants. To accomplish this, several tricarboxylic acid cycle (sdhC, mdh, and frdA) and one-carbon metabolism genes (gcvP and glyA) were deleted in wild type E. ictaluri strain 93-146 by allelic exchange. Following bioluminescence tagging of the E. ictaluri ?sdhC, ?mdh, …
A Perspective On Multiple Waves Of Influenza Pandemics, Anna Mummert, Howard Weiss, Li-Ping Long, José M. Amigó, Xiu-Feng Wan
A Perspective On Multiple Waves Of Influenza Pandemics, Anna Mummert, Howard Weiss, Li-Ping Long, José M. Amigó, Xiu-Feng Wan
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
BACKGROUND: A striking characteristic of the past four influenza pandemic outbreaks in the United States has been the multiple waves of infections. However, the mechanisms responsible for the multiple waves of influenza or other acute infectious diseases are uncertain. Understanding these mechanisms could provide knowledge for health authorities to develop and implement prevention and control strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We exhibit five distinct mechanisms, each of which can generate two waves of infections for an acute infectious disease. The first two mechanisms capture changes in virus transmissibility and behavioral changes. The third mechanism involves population heterogeneity (e.g., demography, geography), where …
Role Of An Iron-Dependent Transcriptional Regulator In The Pathogenesis And Host Response To Infection With Streptococcus Pneumoniae., Radha Gupta, Minny Bhatty, Edwin Swiatlo, Bindu Nanduri
Role Of An Iron-Dependent Transcriptional Regulator In The Pathogenesis And Host Response To Infection With Streptococcus Pneumoniae., Radha Gupta, Minny Bhatty, Edwin Swiatlo, Bindu Nanduri
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
Iron is a critical cofactor for many enzymes and is known to regulate gene expression in many bacterial pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae normally inhabits the upper respiratory mucosa but can also invade and replicate in lungs and blood. These anatomic sites vary considerably in both the quantity and form of available iron. The genome of serotype 4 pneumococcal strain TIGR4 encodes a putative iron-dependent transcriptional regulator (IDTR). A mutant deleted at idtr (?idtr) exhibited growth kinetics similar to parent strain TIGR4 in vitro and in mouse blood for up to 48 hours following infection. However, ?idtr was significantly attenuated in a …
Stallion Sperm Transcriptome Comprises Functionally Coherent Coding And Regulatory Rnas As Revealed By Microarray Analysis And Rna-Seq., Pranab J. Das, Fiona M. Mccarthy, Monika Vishnoi, Nandina Paria, Cathy Gresham, Gang Li, Priyanka Kachroo, A. Kendrick Sudderth, Sheila Teague, Charles C. Love, Dickson D. Varner, Bhanu P. Chowdhary, Terje Raudsepp
Stallion Sperm Transcriptome Comprises Functionally Coherent Coding And Regulatory Rnas As Revealed By Microarray Analysis And Rna-Seq., Pranab J. Das, Fiona M. Mccarthy, Monika Vishnoi, Nandina Paria, Cathy Gresham, Gang Li, Priyanka Kachroo, A. Kendrick Sudderth, Sheila Teague, Charles C. Love, Dickson D. Varner, Bhanu P. Chowdhary, Terje Raudsepp
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
Mature mammalian sperm contain a complex population of RNAs some of which might regulate spermatogenesis while others probably play a role in fertilization and early development. Due to this limited knowledge, the biological functions of sperm RNAs remain enigmatic. Here we report the first characterization of the global transcriptome of the sperm of fertile stallions. The findings improved understanding of the biological significance of sperm RNAs which in turn will allow the discovery of sperm-based biomarkers for stallion fertility. The stallion sperm transcriptome was interrogated by analyzing sperm and testes RNA on a 21,000-element equine whole-genome oligoarray and by RNA-seq. …
Investigation Of The Role Of Tnf-A Converting Enzyme (Tace) In The Inhibition Of Cell Surface And Soluble Tnf-A Production By Acute Ethanol Exposure., Maltzan Kristine Von, Wei Tan, Stephen B. Pruett
Investigation Of The Role Of Tnf-A Converting Enzyme (Tace) In The Inhibition Of Cell Surface And Soluble Tnf-A Production By Acute Ethanol Exposure., Maltzan Kristine Von, Wei Tan, Stephen B. Pruett
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a fundamental role in the immune system by detecting pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to sense host infection. Ethanol at doses relevant for humans inhibits the pathogen induced cytokine response mediated through TLRs. The current study was designed to investigate the mechanisms of this effect by determining whether ethanol inhibits TLR3 and TLR4 mediated TNF-? secretion through inhibition of transcription factor activation or post-transcriptional effects. In NF-?B reporter mice, activation of NF-?B in vivo by LPS was inhibited by ethanol (LPS alone yielded 170,000?35,300 arbitrary units of light emission; LPS plus ethanol yielded 56,120?16880, p = …
Identifying Blood Biomarkers And Physiological Processes That Distinguish Humans With Superior Performance Under Psychological Stress., Amanda M. Cooksey, Nausheen Momen, Russell Stocker, Shane C. Burgess
Identifying Blood Biomarkers And Physiological Processes That Distinguish Humans With Superior Performance Under Psychological Stress., Amanda M. Cooksey, Nausheen Momen, Russell Stocker, Shane C. Burgess
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
BACKGROUND: Attrition of students from aviation training is a serious financial and operational concern for the U.S. Navy. Each late stage navy aviator training failure costs the taxpayer over $1,000,000 and ultimately results in decreased operational readiness of the fleet. Currently, potential aviators are selected based on the Aviation Selection Test Battery (ASTB), which is a series of multiple-choice tests that evaluate basic and aviation-related knowledge and ability. However, the ASTB does not evaluate a person's response to stress. This is important because operating sophisticated aircraft demands exceptional performance and causes high psychological stress. Some people are more resistant to …
Zebrafish Kidney Phagocytes Utilize Macropinocytosis And Ca+-Dependent Endocytic Mechanisms., Claudia Hohn, Sang-Ryul Lee, Lesya M. Pinchuk, Lora Petrie-Hanson
Zebrafish Kidney Phagocytes Utilize Macropinocytosis And Ca+-Dependent Endocytic Mechanisms., Claudia Hohn, Sang-Ryul Lee, Lesya M. Pinchuk, Lora Petrie-Hanson
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
BACKGROUND: The innate immune response constitutes the first line of defense against invading pathogens and consists of a variety of immune defense mechanisms including active endocytosis by macrophages and granulocytes. Endocytosis can be used as a reliable measure of selective and non-selective mechanisms of antigen uptake in the early phase of an immune response. Numerous assays have been developed to measure this response in a variety of mammalian and fish species. The small size of the zebrafish has prevented the large-scale collection of monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes for these endocytic assays. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Pooled zebrafish kidney hematopoietic tissues were used as …