Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Infection Control: Don't Spread The Glow, Carolyn Insley, Chavonne Wyatt, Janet Willhaus

Janet Willhaus

Aims: The simulation’s aim was to help nursing students prioritize care in an infection control environment and to provide a review of specific skills learned in the prior semester.

Background: Using Patricia E. Benner’s “Novice to Expert” theory, nursing students progress through levels of expertise. In this scenario, nursing students were expected to prioritize care from tasks requiring various levels of infection control. This simulation was conducted prior to beginning hospital clinicals for the semester.

Method: A static manikin was prepared with a central line, a gastric tube, a foley catheter and a leg wound with a known Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus …

Outcome Of Palliative Esophageal Stenting For Malignant Dysphagia: A Retrospective Analysis, M. Burstow, T. Kelly, S. Panchani, M. Khan, D. Meek, Breda Memon, Muhammed Memon

Muhammed Ashraf Memon

Greater than 50% of patients with esophageal carcinoma are found to be incurable at the time of diagnosis, leaving only palliative options. Self-expanding metal stents (SEMs) are effective for relieving symptoms and complications associated with esophageal carcinoma and improving quality of life. We undertook a retrospective analysis to evaluate the experience of palliative esophageal stenting for symptomatic malignant dysphagia in our institution over a period of 7 years. Between January 1999 and January 2006, 126 patients who received SEMs for malignant dysphagia were identified using an upper gastrointestinal specialist nurse clinician database. Data were obtained from patient case notes, endoscopy, …

Natural Killer Cell Numbers And Natural Killer Cytotoxic Activity After 6 Weeks Of Testosterone Enanthate Administration In Health Young Males, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Shane Rogerson, Glen Deakin, Rudi Meir, Rosanne Coutts, Shi Zhou, Robert Weatherby

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

No abstract provided.

Performance Enhancement And Urinary Detection After Short-Term Testosterone Enanthate Use, Glen Deakin, Shane Rogerson, Rudi Meir, Rosanne Coutts, Shi Zhou, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Robert Weatherby

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are prohibited substances in sport due to their ability to improve muscle strength and power. Usually athletes who abuse these substances dose in cycles of up to 8-12 weeks. Whether the effects require this length of time to manifest is unknown. Also unknown is the minimum dose required and whether sports drug testing laboratories are able to detect all cases of AAS use by athletes. PURPOSE: To determine if the AAS, testosterone enanthate could increase strength and athletic performance in 3-6 weeks and the use the T/E ratio screening measure could detect the use of the …

Psychological Improvements In Healthy Males After Eight Weeks Of Concentrated Bovine Colostrum Supplementation, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Roxanne Sample, Lauren O'Leary, Roger Bronks, Robert Weatherby, Stephen Myers, Lesley Stevenson, Shi Zhou

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Short-Term Use Of Testosterone Enanthate On Personality And Mood In Healthy Young Males, Rosanne Coutts, Shane Rogerson, Glen Deakin, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Rudi Meir, Shi Zhou, Robert Weatherby

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Supported by notions that supplementation enhances mental, physical and sexual powers steroid users focus on its ability to influence emotional state, and more profoundly shape identity. The notion of anabolic steroid hormone induced changes in biological drive, causing increased anger and hostility is anecdotal but inconclusive.

PURPOSE:

To quantify the existence of either Personality or Mood effects that may be observed during and following six weeks of the administration of controlled doses of testosterone enanthate.

METHODS: Eighteen males (25±4.0 yrs) were match paired and randomly assigned in a double blind manner to either a testosterone enanthate or placebo group. During …

Effects Of Four Weeks Of Supplementation With Coenzyme Q10 On Aerobic Power And Exercise Economy, Shi Zhou, Yong Zhang, Allan Davie, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Jianxiong Wang, Hu Hui, Don Brushett

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays several crucial roles in the body, mainly acting as a redox electron carrier in the mitochondria, being an essential antioxidant, and influencing the stability and function of membranes. Supplementation with CoQ10 has shown beneficial effects in cardiac and other types of patients. However, limited and conflicting information exists in the literature on performance-enhancing effects of CoQ10 in healthy and athletic populations. This study investigated the effects of four-week CoQ10 supplementation on aerobic power (VO2max) and exercise economy (oxygen consumption at steady state exercise) in six healthy, physically active men (mean age 29.7+/-SD7.2 years and VO2max 39.4+/-SD8.5 …

Muscle And Plasma Coenzyme Q10 Concentration, Aerobic Power And Exercise Economy Of Healthy Men In Response To Four Weeks Of Supplementation, Shi Zhou, Yong Zhang, Allan Davie, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Hui Hu, Jianxiong Wang, Don Brushett

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

AIM: To investigate whether 4 weeks of oral supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) would increase its concentration in skeletal muscle, and affect aerobic power (VO2max) and oxygen consumption during submaximal exercise in healthy, physically active men. METHODS: Six volunteers with an average (+/-SD) age of 29.7+/-7.2 years and VO2max of 39.4+/-8.5 mL.kg-1.min-1, participated in a single-blind trial. The experiment consisted of 4 2-week phases, in the order of placebo run-in, CoQ10 supplementation (150 mg daily), CoQ10 (150 mg) plus vitamin E (1,000 IU daily), and placebo wash-out. A three-stage cycle economy test (4 minutes at each of 50, 100, and …

The Effect Of Tribulus Terrestris On Urinary Steroid Profiles And The Physiological Adaptations To Pre-Season Training In Elite Rugby League Players, Shane Rogerson, Christopher Riches, Carl Jennings, Robert Weatherby, Rudi Meir, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

No abstract provided.

Exercise-Improved Walking Capacity In Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: Effects And Mechanisms, Jianxiong Wang, Shi Zhou, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Roger Bronks, John Graham, Stephen Myers

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease. The most common symptom of PAD is intermittent claudication, a severe muscular pain in the lower limbs when walking. This symptom seriously deteriorates walking capacity and quality of life of PAD patients. It has been reported that exercise training can effectively enhance walking capacity in PAD patients. However, the mechanisms underlying the improved walking capacity have not been fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the possible mechanisms using multi-disciplinary approaches. It has also been reported that an herbal medicine, ginkgo biloba extract, can improve peripheral circulation. …

Sports Medicine Australia Young Investigator Award: Natural Killer Cell Numbers And Natural Killer Cytotoxic Activity After Six Weeks Of Testosterone Enanthate Administration In Healthy Young Males, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Shane Rogerson, Glen Deakin, Rosanne Coutts, Rudi Meir, Shi Zhou, Robert Weatherby

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

PURPOSE: Androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) are beneficial for athletic performance (Giorgi et al., 1999). However, there is a paucity of literature that has examined the role of AAS, in particular, testosterone enanthate (TE), on immune function. METHODS: Fifteen healthy young males (mean age 24.8 ± 5.2) were randomly assigned in a double blind method to either a 3.5mg/kg TE (mean age 24.8 ± 5.1; n = 8) or placebo (mean age 26.1 ± 3.4; n = 7) weight training (WT) group. The study was conducted over six weeks and acute immune variables were assessed at week 0 (W0) and week 6 …

The Effect Of Short-Term Use Of Testosterone Enanthate On Muscular Strength And Power In Healthy Young Males, Shane Rogerson, Robert Weatherby, Glen Deakin, Rudi Meir, Rosanne Coutts, Shi Zhou, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Use of testosterone enanthate has been shown to significantly increase strength within 6–12 weeks of administration (2, 9), however, it is unclear if the ergogenic benefits are evident in less than 6 weeks. Testosterone enanthate is classified as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and its use may be detected by way of the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio (16). The two objectives of this study were to establish (a) if injection of 3.5 mg·kg−1 testosterone enanthate once per week could increase muscular strength and cycle sprint performance in 3–6 weeks; and (b) if the WADA-imposed urinary T/E …

Improvements In Psychological Indicators In Healthy Males After Eight-Week Concentrated Bovine Colostrum Supplementation, Roxanne Sample, Lauren O'Leary, Roger Bronks, Robert Weatherby, Shi Zhou, Stephen Myers, Lesley Stevenson, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of 5 Weeks Tribulus Terrestris Supplementation On Muscle Strength And Body Compostition During Pre-Season Training In Elite League Players, Shane Rogerson, Christopher Riches, Carl Jennings, Robert Weatherby, Rudi Meir, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Tribulus terrestris is an herbal nutritional supplement that is promoted to produce large gains in strength and lean muscle mass in 5–28 days (15, 18). Although some manufacturers claim T. terrestris will not lead to a positive drug test, others have suggested that T. terrestris may increase the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio, which may place athletes at risk of a positive drug test. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of T. terrestris on strength, fat free mass, and the urinary T/E ratio during 5 weeks of preseason training in elite rugby league players. Twenty-two Australian elite …

Effects Of Estrogen On The Mechanical Behavior Of The Human Achilles Tendon In Vivo, Adam Bryant, Ross Clark, Simon Bartold, Aron Murphy, Kim Bennell, Erik Hohmann, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Craig Payne, Kay Crossley

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of normal fluctuating [nonmonophasic oral contraceptive pill (MOCP) users] and low, consistent (MOCP users) endogenous plasma estrogen levels on the strain behavior of the Achilles tendon in vivo. Twenty women (age 28.0 ± 4.2 yr, height 1.67 ± 0.07 m, mass 61.6 ± 6.8 kg) who had been using the MOCP for at least 12 mo together with 20 matched women who were non-MOCP users (age 31.9±7.3 yr, height 1.63 ± 0.05 m, mass 62.5 ± 5.9 kg) participated in this study. Non-MOCP users were tested at the time of …

Muscle And Plasma Coenzyme Q10 Concentrations And Aerobic Power In Response To Four Weeks Supplementation, Shi Zhou, Yong Zhang, Hui Hu, Allan Davie, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Don Brushett

Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has been used by healthy and athletic populations with an expectation of enhancing aerobic performance. However, limited and conflicting information exists in the literature on whether the supplementation can increase physical performance in relation to muscle concentrations of CoQ10. This study investigated the effect of four weeks oral supplementation on muscle and plasma CoQ10 concentrations in six healthy, physically active men (age range 19-40), in a self-control, single-blind manner. Participants started with a two-week placebo run-in phase, followed by two weeks of CoQ10 supplementation at a daily dosage of 150 mg, then two weeks of CoQ10 …

Evidence, Belief, And Action: The Failure Of Equipoise To Resolve The Ethical Tension In The Randomized Clinical Trial, Deborah Hellman

Deborah Hellman

No abstract provided.

End-Of-Life Decision-Making And Patient Self-Determination : A Multi-Stakeholder Analysis, Mph Thesis, University Of Queensland, Brisbane, Colleen Cartwright

Professor Colleen M Cartwright

No abstract provided.

Clinimetric Evaluation Of The Physical Mobility Scale Supports Clinicians And Researchers In Residential Aged Care, Anna Barker, Jennifer Nitz, Nancy Low Choy, Terry Haines

Nancy Low Choy

Objective
To investigate the interrater agreement and the internal construct validity of the Physical Mobility Scale, a tool routinely used to assess mobility of people living in residential aged care.

Design
Prospective, multicenter, external validation study.

Setting
Nine residential aged care facilities in Australia.

Participants
Residents (N=186). Phase 1 cohort (99 residents; mean age, 85.22±5.1y); phase 2 cohort (87 residents; mean age, 81.59±10.69y).

Interventions
Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures
Kappa statistics, minimal detectable change (MDC90) scores, and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess interrater agreement. Scale unidimensionality, item hierarchy, and person separation were examined with Rasch analysis for both cohorts. …

Committing To The Scholar-Teacher Model, Jane Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of The Α1-Adrenoceptor Subtype Mediating Contractions Of The Pig Internal Anal Sphincter, K. Mills, Natasha Hausman, Russ Chess-Williams

Russ Chess-Williams

Background and purpose: The internal anal sphincter has been shown to contract in response to a1-adrenoceptor stimulation and therefore a1-adrenoceptor agonists may be useful in treating faecal incontinence. This study characterizes the a1-adrenoceptor subtype responsible for mediating contraction of the internal anal sphincter of the pig.

Experimental approach: The potency of agonists and the affinities of several receptor subtype selective antagonists were determined on smooth muscle strips for the pig internal anal sphincter. Cumulative concentration–response curves were performed using phenylephrine and noradrenaline.

Key results: The potency of the a1A-adrenoceptor selective agonist A61603 (pEC50¼7.79±0.04) was 158-fold greater than that for noradrenaline …

A Call For A Critical Examination Of Ethics In Global Health Initiatives In Physical Therapy Education, Celia Pechak, Shaun Cleaver

Celia M Pechak

No abstract provided.

Controlling Influenza A (H1n1) In China: Bayesian Or Frequentist Approach, Dejian Lai, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

In this article we discuss two approaches to controlling the newly identified influenza A (H1N1) via Bayesian and frequentist statistical reasoning. We reviewed the measures implemented in China as an example to illustrate these two approaches. Since May 2009, China has deployed strict controlling mechanisms based on the strong prior Bayesian assumption that the origin of influenza A (H1N1) was from outside China and as such strict border control would keep the virus from entering China. After more than two months of hard work by Chinese health professionals and officials, the number of confirmed influenza A (H1N1) has increased steadily …

Caregivers Community Network, Erika Metzler Sawin

Erika Metzler Sawin

No abstract provided.

Emerging Trends In Parenteral Nutrition: An Evidence-Based Approach, Jane Gervasio

Jane M. Gervasio

No abstract provided.

Exploring Transplant Opportunities In Hmong Culture: A Case Report, Alon Neidich, Harish Maranty, Katrina Bramstedt

Katrina A. Bramstedt

A clinical case is used to explore the ethical complexities of solid organ donation and transplantation within the Hmong community in the United States. Although many cultures can present various ethical issues, the challenges of the Hmong belief system are unique and distinctly complex. Ways for the medical team to integrate with the Hmong value system to attempt to create an environment of transcultural respect and appreciation are described.

Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Clinical Trials Comparing Open And Laparoscopic Anti-Reflux Surgery, Matthew Peters, Athar Mukhtar, Rossita Yunus, Shahjahan Khan, Juanita Pappalardo, Breda Memon, Muhammed Memon

Muhammed Ashraf Memon

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized evidence to determine the relative merits of laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (LARS) and open anti-reflux surgery (OARS) for proven gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD).

METHODS: A search of the Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, Current Contents, and PubMed databases identified all randomized clinical trials that compared LARS and OARS and that were published in the English language between 1990 and 2007. A meta-analysis was carried out in accordance with the QUOROM (Quality of Reporting of Meta-Analyses) statement. The six outcome variables analyzed were operating time, hospital stay, return to …

Impairment Of Rectal Afferent Mechanosensitivity In Experimental Diabetes In The Rat, M. Beyak, D. Bulmer, D. Sellers, D. Grundy

Donna Sellers

Diabetes mellitus results in neuropathy of both somatic and visceral nerves. In diabetic patients with faecal incontinence, impaired rectal sensory function, manifested by a decreased sensitivity to balloon distention is common. This may contribute to unawareness of rectal filling and incontinence. There has been little study to date of visceral mechanosensation in experimental diabetes however. We hypothesized that experimental diabetes would impair mechanosensitivity in rectal afferent nerves. Diabetes was induced in rats by i.p. injection of streptozotocin. Controls were injected with citrate. In vitro recordings were performed from rectal afferent nerves innervating isolated segments of rectum. In control animals, three …

Optimizing Business Performance In Tough Times (Keynote), Tim Dunnagan

Tim Dunnagan

No abstract provided.

‘You Can Fly!’: Reimagining Peter Pan And Snowboarding’S Olympic Neverland, M. Popovic, Don Morrow

Donald Morrow

No abstract provided.