Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Nan Choisunirachon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

In Vitro And In Vivo Antiparasitic Efficacy Of Praziquantel Against Monogenean Ligictaluridus Floridanus In Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus), Flaviano Benavides-González, Ricardo A. Gómez-Flores, Jesús G. Sánchez-Martínez, Jaime L. Rábago-Castro, Isidro O. Montelongo-Alfaro

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Gill monogenean Ligictaluridus floridanus is the most common parasite on cultured channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Tamaulipas, Mexico, affecting fish growth and possibly promoting secondary infections. In aquaculture, treatments against fish parasites include the use of chemotherapeutic agents to control and prevent diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of praziquantel baths against L. floridanus on I. punctatus. In vitro experiments evaluated L. floridanus attached and unattached to gills; for this, parasites were exposed to 2, 5, and 10 mg L-1 of praziquantel in distilled or fish aquarium water, and saline …

Retrospective Study Of Computed Tomographic Characterization Of Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma In 24 Dogs, Nan Choisunirachon, Lee-Shuan Lin, Yuiko Tanaka, Kohei Saeki, Reina Fujiwara, Ryohei Nishimura, Takayuki Nakagawa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Clinical and computed tomographic (CT) information from 24 histopathological diagnosed canine oral malignant melanomas (MMs) was retrospectively investigated. The CT appearance on canine oral MM from each patient was evaluated, including both bone and soft tissue windows and pre- and post-contrast enhancement. Among the 24 dogs, canine oral MM was highly presented in small breeds, especially in miniature dachshunds older than 10 years. The gingiva was the most commonly affected site, followed by palatine, mucosal, and lingual areas. The location of the primary tumor in the oral arcade was statistically significant associated with bone invasion such as osteolysis. Canine oral …

Characterization Of Femur, Mandible And Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Streptozotocin-Injected Mice, Philaiporn Vivatbutsiri, Nunthawan Nowwarote, Chenphop Sawangmake, Suconta Chareonvit, Prasit Pavasant, Thanaphum Osathanon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Streptozotocin injection is simply shown to promote hyperglycemic condition in several species. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the femoral and mandibular bone features of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. In addition, the characteristics of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were evaluated. Results showed that streptozotocin injection resulted in significant weight loss and increase in fasting blood glucose levels in the animals. Compared to the control mice, significantly greater bone surface/bone volume value was noted in the mandible and the femur. On the contrary, trabecular thickness was significantly decreased in the metaphysis area of the femur. Further, the bone volume/total …

Quantitative Method For Detecting Vibrio Species Using Bio-Theta Doxtm System, Shouichi Tanno, Naoki Fukui, Yukihiro Utaka, Saburo Ohkawa, Yukio Morita, Sumalee Boonmar

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This is the first report of a quantitative method for detecting Vibrio species using the Bio-Theta DOXTM system. We assessed 19 strains of 9 Vibrio species and 22 strains of 22 non-Vibrio species and found that the positive rate in the medium-concentration (103 cfu/ml) and low-concentration (10 cfu/ml) samples of the 19 Vibrio samples was 100% and 89.5% (17/19), respectively. A few low-concentration samples of V. alginolyticus and V. vulnificus were negative. All Vibrio strains displayed good linear calibration curves for detection time vs bacterial count (r>0.94). The negative rate of the high-concentration (106 cfu/ml) and medium-concentration (103cfu/ml) samples …

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Stimulatory Effects Of Low Intensity Laser Therapy On The Healing Of Rabbit Tibial Defects, Hoai Nam Nguyen, Peerapol Sukon, Sirikachorn Tangkawattana, Pipop Sutthiprapaporn, Pornpop Rattana-Arpha, Naruepon Kampa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The present study was to investigate the effects of low intensity laser therapy (LILT) on the healing of rabbit tibial defects. Circular defects were perforated at the medial site of tibial crests on both hind legs of 18 male New Zealand White rabbits. The defects were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n=12): 1) defects irradiated with LILT, at 4 J/cm2 (LS4); 2) defects irradiated with LILT, at 20 J/cm2 (LS20), and 3) defects receiving sham treatment (control group). Irradiation began 24h after surgery, and repeated every 48 h, with a total of 8 sessions. In the 3rd and 6th weeks …

Determination Of Antibody Responses To Mpb83 Antigen In Bcg-Vaccinated Rusa Deer (Rusa Timorensis), Sirinart Chaichanathong, Worawidh Wajjwalku, Chayanid Prasanwong, Melanee Suksamranthaweerat, Piyawan Rasitanon, Aunchisa Phojun, Antja Watanangura, Orawan Boodde, Nikorn Thongtip

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a contagious zoonotic disease that causes serious public health concerns. Cervidae are highly susceptible to BTB and it has been diagnosed in various deer species. In order to develop BTB eradication and control program, Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been studied in cervids. In this study 15 rusa deer were tested for responsiveness to mycobacterial reaction using a comparative cervical skin test (CCT). The rusa deer were divided into 2 groups; BCG vaccination group, which were inoculated with a single dose of 2x106 cfu M. bovis BCG Tokyo subcutaneously (n=8) and control group …

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Nan Choisunirachon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Genetic Parameter Estimates And Breed Effects For Calving Difficulty And Birth Weight In A Multi-Breed Population, Cashley Ahlberg

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

There are multiple breeds of beef cattle available to utilize in breeding systems to maximize production and economics. Calving difficulty (dystocia) is a significant cost to beef production and is more prevalent in first-calf heifers. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and breed differences for calving difficulty and birth weight as a first step towards the development of across-breed adjustment factors for calving difficulty.

Two models were employed to analyze birth weight (BWT) and calving difficulty (CD) recorded on 4,579 first parity females from the Germplasm Evaluation program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). …

Differentiation Of Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Into Cells Of Neural Lineage And Their Application Into A Novel Model For Acute Peripheral Nerve Injury In The Horse, Claudia Cruz

Masters Theses

Studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into extra-mesodermal lineages, including neurons. Positive outcomes were obtained after transplantation of neurally-induced MSCs in rats, rabbits and guinea pigs after nerve injury, but the effect of these cells is unknown in horses. Our objective was to test the ability of equine mesenchymal stromal cells to differentiate into cells of neuronal lineage, and to assess differences, if any, in morphology and protein expression. Additionally, we wanted to investigate if horse age and cell passage number contributed to the ability to achieve neural differentiation.

The first part of this …

Effect Of A Core Conditioning Program On Lumbar Paraspinal Area, Asymmetry And Pain Score In Military Working Dogs With Lumbosacral Pain, Andrea Leigh Henderson

Masters Theses

Introduction: Lumbosacral pain and stenosis are common causes of retirement from duty for Military Working Dogs (MWDs). Working dogs that receive surgical management for this condition often have a poor prognosis for return to duty after recovery. Humans with chronic low back pain demonstrate paraspinal muscle asymmetry, pain and dysfunction that often improve in response to an exercise program. This study investigated whether dogs with mild lumbosacral pain have decreased lumbar paraspinal muscle area, symmetry, and density, as well as increased pain and dysfunction compared to control dogs. Additionally, response of pain and dysfunction to an exercise program was assessed. …

Carbon Dioxide For Euthanasia: Concerns Regarding Pain And Distress, With Special Reference To Mice And Rats, Kathleen Conlee, Martin Stephens, Andrew N. Rowan, Lesley A. King

Andrew N. Rowan, DPhil

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most commonly used agent for euthanasia of laboratory rodents, used on an estimated tens of millions of laboratory rodents per year worldwide, yet there is a growing body of evidence indicating that exposure to CO₂ causes more than momentary pain and distress in these and other animals. We reviewed the available literature on the use of CO₂ for euthanasia (as well as anaesthesia) and also informally canvassed laboratory animal personnel for their opinions regarding this topic. Our review addresses key issues such as CO₂ flow rate and final concentration, presence …

Possibilities For Refinement And Reduction: Future Improvements Within Regulatory Testing, Martin L. Stephens, Kathleen Conlee, Gina Alvino, Andrew N. Rowan

Andrew N. Rowan, DPhil

Approaches and challenges to refining and reducing animal use in regulatory testing are reviewed. Regulatory testing accounts for the majority of animals reported in the most painful and/or distressful categories in the United States and Canada. Refinements in testing, including the use of humane endpoints, are of increasing concern. Traditional approaches to reduction (e.g., improving experimental design) are being supplemented with complementary approaches, such as the use of tier testing to eliminate some chemicals prior to in vivo testing. Technological advances in telemetry and noninvasive techniques will help decrease either the demand for animals in testing or animal suffering. Further …

Glucose Significantly Enhances Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Adherence To Intestinal Epithelial Cells Through Its Effects On Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Production, Prageeth Wijemanne, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present study tested whether exposure of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to glucose at different concentrations in the media results in increased bacterial adherence to host cells through increased heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) production, thereby suggesting the effects are physiological. Porcine-origin ETEC strains grown in Casamino acid yeast extract medium containing different concentrations of glucose were washed and inoculated onto IPEC-J2 porcine intestinal epithelial cells to test for effects on adherence and host cell cAMP concentrations. Consistent with previous studies, all LT+ strains had higher ETEC adherence to IPEC-J2 cells than did LT2 strains. Adherence of the LT2 but not the …

A Vision Becoming Reality, Gill Langley

Gill Langley, PhD

Non-animal science in toxicology and health research has been progressing for decades, but only now is it being seen widely as advanced science. The emergence of novel human biology-based tools and models, combined with legislative and regulatory change, a 21st century concept for toxicology, continuing failures in the drug pipeline, and systematic critiques of animal models, have created a pivotal moment of change. The leading edge is starting to become the norm. Humans and other animals are likely to benefit as a result.

Estimates For Worldwide Laboratory Animal Use In 2005, Katy Taylor, Nicky Gordon, Gill Langley, Wendy Higgins

Gill Langley, PhD

Animal experimentation continues to generate public and political concern worldwide. Relatively few countries collate and publish animal use statistics, yet this is a first and essential step toward public accountability and an informed debate, as well as being important for effective policy-making and regulation. The implementation of the Three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments) should be expected to result in a decline in animal use, but without regular, accurate statistics, this cannot be monitored. Recent estimates of worldwide annual laboratory animal use are imprecise and unsubstantiated, ranging from 28–100 million. We collated data for 37 countries that …

Volunteer Studies In Pain Research — Opportunities And Challenges To Replace Animal Experiments: The Report And Recommendations Of A Focus On Alternatives Workshop, C. K. Langley, Q. Aziz, C. Bountra, N. Gordon, P. Hawkins, A. Jones, G. Langley, T. Nurmikko, I. Tracey

Gill Langley, PhD

Despite considerable research, effective and safe treatments for human pain disorders remain elusive. Understanding the biology of different human pain conditions and researching effective treatments continue to be dominated by animal models, some of which are of limited value. British and European legislation demands that non-animal approaches should be considered before embarking on research using experimental animals. Recent scientific and technical developments, particularly in human neuroimaging, offer the potential to replace some animal procedures in the study of human pain. A group of pain research experts from academia and industry met with the aim of exploring creatively the tools, strategies …

Considering A New Paradigm For Alzheimer’S Disease Research, Gillian R. Langley

Gill Langley, PhD

Using Alzheimer’s disease as a case study, this review argues that it might be time to consider a new paradigm in medical research and drug discovery. The existing framework is overly dependent on often unvalidated animal models, particularly transgenic mice. Translational success remains elusive and costly late-stage drug failure is common. The conventional paradigm tends to overlook species differences and assumes that animal-based findings are generally applicable to humans. Could pathways-based research using advanced human-specific models probed with new tools, including those of systems biology, take centre stage? The current transition in chemical toxicology to a 21st-century paradigm could be …

The Validity Of Animal Experiments In Medical Research, Gill Langley

Gill Langley, PhD

Other animals, such as mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and monkeys, are widely used as surrogates for humans in fundamental medical research. This involves creating disorders in animals by chemical, surgical or genetic means, with the aim of mimicking selected aspects of human illnesses. It is a truism that any model or surrogate is not identical to the target being modelled. So, in medical research, experiments using animals or cell cultures or even healthy volunteers instead of patients (being the target population with the target illness) will inevitably have limitations, although these will be greater or lesser depending on the model.

Influencia De La Altura En La Producción Lagrimal Y Presión Intraocular En Caninos Canis Lupus Familiaris: Estudio Piloto, Estefania Bechara Arango

Medicina Veterinaria

El presente estudio se realizó para determinar la influencia de la altura (metros sobre el nivel del mar) sobre la producción de porción acuosa de la película lagrimal y la presión intraocular (PIO) en caninos. El estudio se realizó en Colombia en las ciudades de Cartagena de Indias (0m.s.n.m) y Bogotá (2.640m.s.n.m). Se tomaron mediciones de producción de la porción acuosa de la lagrima y PIO en 50 caninos machos enteros clínicamente sanos (100 ojos), distribuidos en dos grupos de 25 caninos (n=50) para cada ciudad. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente mediante la aplicación del test Tstudent con un nivel …

Copy Number Variation In The Horse Genome, Sharmila Ghosh, Zhipeng Qu, Pranab J. Das, Erica Fang, Rytis Juras, E. Gus Cothran, Sue Mcdonell, Daniel G. Kenney, Teri L. Lear, David L. Adelson, Bhanu P. Chowdhary, Terje Raudsepp

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

We constructed a 400K WG tiling oligoarray for the horse and applied it for the discovery of copy number variations (CNVs) in 38 normal horses of 16 diverse breeds, and the Przewalski horse. Probes on the array represented 18,763 autosomal and X-linked genes, and intergenic, sub-telomeric and chrY sequences. We identified 258 CNV regions (CNVRs) across all autosomes, chrX and chrUn, but not in chrY. CNVs comprised 1.3% of the horse genome with chr12 being most enriched. American Miniature horses had the highest and American Quarter Horses the lowest number of CNVs in relation to Thoroughbred reference. The Przewalski horse …

Animal Models And Therapeutic Molecular Targets Of Cancer: Utility And Limitations., Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Kusum Rathore

Maria Cekanova MS, RNDr, PhD

Cancer is the term used to describe over 100 diseases that share several common hallmarks. Despite prevention, early detection, and novel therapies, cancer is still the second leading cause of death in the USA. Successful bench-to-bedside translation of basic scientific findings about cancer into therapeutic interventions for patients depends on the selection of appropriate animal experimental models. Cancer research uses animal and human cancer cell lines in vitro to study biochemical pathways in these cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the important animal models of cancer with focus on their advantages and limitations. Mouse cancer models are well known, …

Infection And Immunity In The Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus Vannamei, John Dustin Loy

John Loy

Infectious diseases are significant impediments to the growth and sustainability of commercial shrimp aquaculture. Endemic diseases such as that caused by the obligate intracellular parasite the Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis Bacterium (NHPB), cause significant losses to shrimp producers thoughout the Americas. New and emerging viral diseases, such as that caused by Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), have caused tremendous economic losses in farmed Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), since it emerged in Brazil and subsequently spread across the globe to Indonesia. No methods exist to propagate and model these infections in vitro), as no cell culture lines are available for shrimp. Therefore, we …

Development And Evaluation Of A Replicon Particle Vaccine Expressing The E2 Glycoprotein Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Bvdv) In Cattle, John Dustin Loy, Jill Gander, Mark Mogler, Ryan Vander Veen, Julia Ridpath, Delbert Hank Harris, Kurt Kamrud

John Loy

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus is one of the most significant and costly viral pathogens of cattle worldwide. Alphavirus-derived replicon particles have been shown to be safe and highly effective vaccine vectors against a variety of human and veterinary pathogens. Replicon particles are non-propagating, DIVA compatible, and can induce both humoral and cell mediated immune responses. This is the first experiment to demonstrate that Alphavirus-based replicon particles can be utilized in a standard prime/boost vaccination strategy in calves against a commercially significant bovine pathogen. Findings: Replicon particles that express bovine viral diarrhea virus sub-genotype 1b E2 glycoprotein were generated and …

Growing South Dakota (Fall 2014), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 2 Abundant Opportunities: Bright Ag & Bio Career Outlook Fuels Enhancements
[Page] 4 Future Focus: New Institute Supports Efforts In Science, Technology, Engineering, Math
[Page] 7 Grant Funding Updates
[Page] 8 Profiles in Leadership: Engaging Students Utilizing Problem-Based Learning
[Page] 9 Profiles in Leadership: The Value Of Experience-Based Learning
[Page] 10 Campus News
[Page] 12 Steps To Ensure Student Success: Support Fostered In Living-Learning Communities
[Page] 14 New Student Advising Model Gets High Marks
[Page] 15 Student To Student: Ag Bio Ambassadors Relish Role As Front Line Recruiters
[Page] 16 Remembering Dr. Robert Pengra: SDSU Alums Establish Tribute Scholarship …

Review Of The Pathogenesis And Treatment Of Acute Spinal Cord Injury And Investigation Into The Use Of Urine 3-Hpma As A Novel Biomarker Of Secondary Injury After Acute Spinal Cord Injury In The Dog, Andrea Sangster

Open Access Theses

Acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) has two pathophysiological stages of injury: the primary injury and the secondary injury cascade. Primary injury includes the initial or mechanical insult to the spinal cord. Secondary injury is a cascade of biochemical events that propagates damage of adjacent, healthy tissue increasing the overall volume of spinal cord tissue that is affected. Acrolein is a toxic byproduct of lipid peroxidation produced during secondary injury. A metabolite of acrolein-glutathione adduct found in urine, 3-HPMA, has recently been shown to increase after spinal cord injury in a rat model. The aim of our study was to apply …

The Effects Of Heat Stress On Immunity In Laying Hens And Dairy Cattle, Rebecca Ann Strong

Open Access Theses

With the increase in global climate change and the population growth driving the high demand for additional food production, heat stress (HS) is a major concern in the livestock industry across all species. Animals experience HS when exposed to high environmental temperatures outside their thermal neutral zone. The level of the effects can vary due to the length and intensity of HS to which the animal is exposed to. In experiment one, laying hens with access to cooled perches during HS had a lower heterophil to lymphocyte ratio compared to the control hens after 4 h of acute heat stress, …

Efficacy Of Short Novel Antimicrobial And Anti-Inflammatory Peptides In A Mouse Model Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) Skin Infection, Mohamed F. Mohamed, Mohamed N. Seleem

Department of Comparative Pathobiology Faculty Publications

The therapeutic efficacy of two novel short antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory peptides (RR and RRIKA) was evaluated in a mouse model of staphylococcal skin infection. RR (2%) and RRIKA (2%) significantly reduced the bacterial counts and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6, in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusUSA 300-0114 skin lesions. Furthermore, the combined therapy of RRIKA (1%) and lysostaphin (0.5%) had significantly higher antistaphylococcal and anti-inflammatory activity compared to monotherapy. This study supports the potential use of these peptides for topical treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections.

Prediction Of Parturition And Dystocia In Holstein-Friesian Cattle, And Cesarean Section In Dystocic Beef Cattle, Wen Han Mark Hiew

Open Access Dissertations

Dystocia is a major problem in the dairy industry as it causes livestock and economic loss. It is more frequently seen in primiparous cattle compared to their multiparous counterparts due to their smaller stature and the slow maturation of pelvic dimensions. In some instances, human intervention of the parturition process is imperative to avoid pain, injury, and mortality of the neonate and the dam. The ability to accurately predict dystocia and the time of parturition will ensure that timely assistance can be given to animals that are of high risk of dystocia.^ The present thesis contains four studies that explore …