Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Postoperative Pain Management In Children Of Hispanic Origin: A Descriptive Cohort Study, Rebecca Brown, Michelle A. Fortier, Sheeva Zolghadr, Padma Gulur, Brooke N. Jenkins, Zeev N. Kain

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

BACKGROUND:

It has been established that pain is frequently undertreated in children following outpatient surgery. Very few studies, however, have investigated this phenomenon in ethnically diverse populations.

METHODS:

This study included 105 families of children aged 2 to 15 years of Hispanic origin and low income undergoing outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy surgery. Participating parents completed baseline and demographic packets. Recorded postoperative pain ratings and administration of analgesics at home for 1 week were collected during home visits.

RESULTS:

Despite the high (70%; 99% confidence interval [CI], 57%–82%) incidence of significant pain in the first 24 hours home, 32% (95% CI, …

Factors Associated With Unmet Needs Among African-American Dementia Care Providers, P. J. Desin, Allison M. Caban-Holt, Erin L. Abner, Linda J. Van Eldik, Frederick A. Schmitt

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Racial and ethnic minorities currently comprise 20% of the U.S. population; in 2050, this figure is expected to rise to 42%. As a result, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the 5th leading cause of death for people aged 65 and older, is likely to increase in these groups. Most dementia caregiving for these populations comes from family and friends, especially among families with lower socioeconomic status. A convenience sample of 30 African-American dementia caregivers was interviewed to determine unmet needs. Participants expressed a limited desire for formal services, such as support groups, legal advice, case management, and homemaker services. Instead, commonly expressed …

Pathological Tau Promotes Neuronal Damage By Impairing Ribosomal Function And Decreasing Protein Synthesis, Shelby Meier, Michelle Bell, Danielle N. Lyons, Jennifer Rodriguez-Rivera, Alexandria Ingram, Sarah N. Fontaine, Elizabeth Mechas, Jing Chen, Benjamin Wolozin, Harry Levine Iii, Haining Zhu, Jose F. Abisambra

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

One of the most common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies is memory loss. The exact mechanisms leading to memory loss in tauopathies are not yet known; however, decreased translation due to ribosomal dysfunction has been implicated as a part of this process. Here we use a proteomics approach that incorporates subcellular fractionation and coimmunoprecipitation of tau from human AD and non-demented control brains to identify novel interactions between tau and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We show that ribosomes associate more closely with tau in AD than with tau in control brains, and that this abnormal association leads …

Adult Relationships In Multiple Contexts And Associations With Adolescent Mental Health, Gordon Capp, Ruth Berkowitz, Kate Sullivan, Ron Avi Astor, Kris T. De Pedro, Tamika D. Gilreath, Eric Rice

Education Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose: Adult relationships provide critical support for adolescents because of their potential to foster positive development and provide protective influences. Few studies examine multiple ecological layers of adult relationships in connection with well-being and depression. This study examines the influence of relationships from multiple contexts for adolescents and their mental health.
Method: Data from the 2011 California Healthy Kids Survey was used for this analysis; a sample of 7th-, 9th-, and 11th-grade students (N = 14,931) was drawn from 6 school districts in Southern California.
Results: Regression analyses revealed that parent, teacher, and community adult support were …

Senior Wellness: The Golden Age, Angela Bourassa, Sarah Cummings, An Harmanli, Minh-Tam Le, Ellen Massey, Besen Sanga, Ahalya Somaskandan, Nkechi Uzoukwu, Kirk Williamson

ISCOPES Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Importance Of Team Psychological Safety In The Development Of Two Interprofessional Teams, Denise O'Leary

Articles

It has been previously demonstrated that interactions within interprofessional teams are characterised by effective communication, shared decision-making, and knowledge sharing. This article outlines aspects of an action research study examining the emergence of these characteristics within change management teams made up of nurses, general practitioners, physiotherapists, care assistants, a health and safety officer, and a client at two residential care facilities for older people in Ireland. The theoretical concept of team psychological safety (TPS) is utilised in presenting these characteristics. TPS has been defined as an atmosphere within a team where individuals feel comfortable engaging in discussion and reflection without …

Approaching Organ Transplant In Islam From A Multidimensional Framework, Daniel J. Hurst

Journal of Health Ethics

The subject of organ transplant has been highly contested within Islam. Though the majority of Muslims now accept the validity of the practice from both live and deceased donors, this is by no means a universal consensus. In particular Islamic contexts, the subject of organ transplant remains a major subject of debate. Intertwined with the debate of organ transplant is the sensitive and complex issue of what constitutes death. Bioethical decision-making in Islam takes place within a multi-dimensional framework of authorities and themes. With no central authoritative body for the Islamic community, general consensus on bioethical matters is difficult to …

Project Soar's Approach To Research Utilization, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

Project SOAR (Supporting Operational AIDS Research) conducts operations research (OR) with the aim of producing a large, multi-faceted body of high-quality evidence that can guide the planning and implementation of programs and policies for HIV prevention, care, and treatment. OR provides the needed evidence to make sound policy and program decisions at national, subnational, and service-delivery levels by identifying practical solutions to challenges delivering program services. Translating OR findings into action at these levels requires two-way information exchange between people who can apply research findings and researchers. Project SOAR’s premise is that this exchange will bring about eventual use of …

Best Practices To Increase Efficacy Of Graduate School Admissions Communications At Clark University, Diana Curran, Nikki Feinberg, Mitchell Kelley, Ruiqi Li, Anning Zhou

School of Professional Studies

Within the period of time that a graduate student deposits and subsequently arrives at their academic institution, receiving timely information is important for their preparation. This process has been deemed by the Deans of the Enterprise Schools at Clark University as one that needs further investigation. As such, this Capstone looks at the array of communication that goes out to each graduate student during this four-month period. The purpose of examining this communication is to analyze its effectiveness in engaging students. To analyze the effectiveness of this communication, surveys were distributed to current students in these schools to gather data …

Los Riesgos Sobre La Salud De Los Trabajadores Inmigrantes Bolivianos En Los Talleres Textiles En La Ciudad Autónoma Buenos Aires: Las Experiencias De Los Trabajadores De La Cooperativa La Alameda / The Health Risks Of Bolivian Immigrant Workers In Textile Workshops In The Autonomous City Of Buenos Aires: The Experiences Of Workers At Cooperative La Alameda, Marian Gardner

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Los bolivianos inmigran a Argentina para escapar de la falta de oportunidades laborales y de la pobreza. Sin embargo, una vez en Argentina, su inserción laboral es precaria e informal, principalmente, son contratados en los talleres textiles clandestinos. En éstos , donde la mayoría de ellos también vive, se ven reducidos a condiciones de servidumbre, explotación y son sometidos a condiciones de semi esclavitud, como lo demuestran las 14 a 18 horas de trabajo que realizan los siete días de la semana por sólo alrededor de $ 1300 a $ 3000 pesos argentinos por mes. Además, las condiciones laborales suponen …

Análisis De Las Políticas Públicas De Prevención Del Cáncer De Cuello Uterino Vinculadas Al Control Del Virus Del Papiloma Humano (Vph) En Argentina / An Analysis Of Argentina’S Public Health Prevention Strategies Of Cervical Cancer Related To The Control Of The Human Papiloma Virus (Hpv), Caroline Seman

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

El objetivo general de este estudio es analizar las políticas públicas de prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) basadas en la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías como el test de VPH (Virus del Papiloma Humano) y la vacuna contra el VPH en Argentina. Los objetivos específicos son 1) describir la implementación del test de VPH y la campaña de vacunación obligatoria contra el VPH como estrategias de prevención primaria del CCU a nivel nacional: 2) identificar los factores que las facilitan y las obstaculizan. El CCU es el segundo cáncer más diagnosticado en las mujeres de Argentina. Desde el año …

El Rol De Los Servicios Sociales En El Acompañamiento De Mujeres Durante El Proceso De Interrupción Legal Del Embarazo En Un Hospital Público En La Provincia De Buenos Aires / The Role Of Social Services In The Accompaniment Of Women During The Process Of Legally Terminating A Pregnancy In A Public Hospital In The Province Of Buenos Aires, Judy Rivière

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

El acceso a la Interrupción Legal del Embarazo (ILE) sigue siendo limitado para muchas mujeres en Argentina. En la mayoría de los hospitales públicos, no se hace la ILE. Este tema es todavía muy polémico y tiene implicaciones diferentes, no solo en el nivel provincial, sino también en el nivel municipal. En las instituciones donde se hacen interrupciones del embarazo, los profesionales de la salud tienen mirada abierta que incluyen factores biopsicosociales. Por eso, las trabajadoras sociales, que miran la salud desde la perspectiva de determinantes sociales, tienen un rol importante en la facilitación del acceso a la ILE para …

Retrospective Review Of Task-Shifting Community-Based Programs Supporting Arv Treatment And Retention In Uganda, Sam Kalibala, Jerry Okal, Brady Zieman, Nrupa Jani, Lung Vu, Josephine Birungi, Stephen Okoboi, Jonathan Wangisi, Christine Nabiryo, Joanne Lyavala Okullu, Michael Etukoit, Lydia Buzaalirwa, Augustine Lubanga, Paul Kiyingi, Jonathan Ikapule, Syson Nakyeyune, Stephen Nakibinge, Penninah Lutung, Samuel Waliggo, Joseph Nsamba, Yashien Wamanga, Joseph Kamya, Robina Sentongo, Robert Yiga

HIV and AIDS

The purpose of this study was to examine examples of task-shifting programs in Uganda with the aim of generating data that could inform the development of task-shifting policies, guidelines, and practices. The overall purpose of the study was to contribute to the growing knowledge base about task-shifting by describing the service delivery approaches of three purposively selected major AIDS service organizations (ASOs) in Uganda that have adopted task-shifting. The study showed that in the three ASOs, almost all key tasks in antiretroviral therapy (ART), including determining eligibility, initiating ART, and dispensing antiretrovirals, can be feasibly shifted to lower-level cadres or …

Sexual Attraction In The Therapy Room: An Exploration Of Licensed Marriage And Family Therapists’ Experiences And Training, Rafiah Prince

Department of Family Therapy Dissertations and Applied Clinical Projects

The client-therapist relationship is an essential part of therapy and is central in helping clients achieve therapeutic goals as the joining process facilitates the change process. However, in an effort to create a space for change, there is a possibility that professional boundaries may become blurred wherein a client may express a sexual attraction toward their therapist. To explore this phenomenon, the researcher employed convergent parallel mixed method design to explore the experiences of Licensed Marriage and Family Therapists (LMFTs) who have experienced sexual attraction from their clients. The study was conducted online through a secure forum. Implications for clients, …

Developing An Implementation Science Research Agenda To Improve The Treatment And Care Outcomes Among Adolescents Living With Hiv In Sub-Saharan Africa, Julie Denison, Audrey Pettifor, Lynne Mofenson, Deanna Kerrigan

HIV and AIDS

In February 2016, Project SOAR convened a Technical Advisory Network meeting, attended by more than 50 international and domestic thought leaders in adolescent HIV care research and a small group of youth from southern Africa who are living with HIV. To prepare the groundwork for the meeting, SOAR produced a background paper synthesizing the literature on HIV continuum of care outcomes among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa, where most adolescent cases of HIV are concentrated. This report presents the findings from the literature review and highlights from the Technical Advisory Network meeting. The first section is a …

Strengthening Community-Based Services For Children And Families Affected By Hiv: An Evaluation Of The Zambia Family Program, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

As the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) pivots its focus to care and treatment, there is strong interest in learning to what extent community-based programs contribute to achieving the public health goals of getting people—including children and adolescents—tested, enrolled in care if infected, and adherent to treatment. This brief describes Project SOAR’s evaluation of the Zambia Family (ZAMFAM) program, which will generate critical evidence to help fill knowledge gaps. The evidence will also guide country and global decisionmakers in strengthening community-based services to better meet the care, support, and treatment needs of vulnerable children and their families.

Socioecological Factors Influencing Women's Hiv Risk In The United States: Qualitative Findings From The Women's Hiv Seroincidence Study (Hptn 064)., Paula M Frew, Kimberly Parker, Linda Vo, Danielle Haley, Ann O'Leary, Dazon Dixon Diallo, Carol E Golin, Irene Kuo, Lydia Soto-Torres, Jing Wang, Adaora A Adimora, Laura A Randall, Carlos Del Rio, Sally Hodder, Hiv Prevention Trials Network 064 (Htpn) Study Team.

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: We sought to understand the multilevel syndemic factors that are concurrently contributing to the HIV epidemic among women living in the US. We specifically examined community, network, dyadic, and individual factors to explain HIV vulnerability within a socioecological framework.

METHODS: We gathered qualitative data (120 interviews and 31 focus groups) from a subset of women ages 18-44 years (N = 2,099) enrolled in the HPTN 064 HIV seroincidence estimation study across 10 US communities. We analyzed data from 4 diverse locations: Atlanta, New York City (the Bronx), Raleigh, and Washington, DC. Data were thematically coded using grounded theory methodology. …

Service Learning Enhances Conceptual Learning In A Rn To Bsn Program, Henny Breen, Melissa Robinson

Faculty Publications

A qualitative study using transcript analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of service learning in enhancing conceptual learning in RN to BSN students. As part of their capstone course in an online program, students engaged in 64 hours of service learning in their local community. The transcripts of asynchronous discussions and journal entries formed the data for analysis. The findings illustrated that the student’s conceptual understanding was enhanced from the service learning experience. Further, the students demonstrated higher-level thinking by linking concepts that could be applied to nursing practice. Service learning reinforced the community-based philosophy of the School of …

Life In Hampton Roads Survey Press Release #2: Police, Crime, Offender Rights, And Attitudes Regarding The Homeless And Mentally Ill In Hampton Roads, Social Science Research Center, Old Dominion University

Life in Hampton Roads Survey Report

[Introductory paragraph]

This report examines regional and sub-regional perceptions of crime and police from the 2016 Life In Hampton Roads survey (LIHR 2016) conducted by the Old Dominion University Social Science Research Center. Data from prior years is also provided when available to show comparisons in responses over time. Responses were weighted by city population, race, age, gender, and phone usage (cell versus land-line) to be representative of the Hampton Roads region.

Don't Ask For Fair Treatment? A Gender Analysis Of Ethnic Discrimination, Response To Discrimination, And Self-Rated Health Among Marriage Migrants In South Korea., Yugyun Kim, Inseo Son, Dainn Wie, Carles Muntaner, Hyunwoo Kim, Seung-Sup Kim

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Ethnic discrimination is increasingly common nowadays in South Korea with the influx of migrants. Despite the growing body of evidences suggests that ethnic discrimination negatively impacts health, only few researches have been conducted on the association between ethnic discrimination and health outcomes among marriage migrants in Korea. This study sought to examine how ethnic discrimination and response to the discrimination are related to self-rated health and whether the association differs by victim's gender.

METHODS: We conducted two-step analysis using cross-sectional dataset from the 'National Survey of Multicultural Families 2012'. First, we examined the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and …

Sexual Minority (Lgbtq) Youth And Role Of Health Care Provider, Mandakini Sadhir, Stephanie J. Stockburger, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Adolescence is a time period of physical, psychological and cognitive changes. It is an important phase for an individual to discover who they really are (self-identity), how they are perceived (social identity) and how they fit into the environment they live in.¹ One of the major tasks of adolescence is sexual maturation and sexual and /or gender identity development.² Adolescents who are developing as gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender face a tremendous challenge of establishing their identity which is often complex.³ They cope with the feelings of being different and are in constant dilemmas about revealing their …

Understanding Hiv-Related Vulnerabilities And Stigma Among Egyptian Youth, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Doaa Oraby, Sally Saher, Sarah Ismail

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The overall objective of this study is to provide an evidence-based description and interpretation of the HIV-related risks and vulnerabilities faced by different subgroups of youth in Egypt. The report is part of a six-country study that was conducted by the Population Council in Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda. The study examines social, economic, cultural, and legal factors that may contribute to youth’s increased vulnerability to HIV and documents the situation of the policy and programmatic responses. The study identified poverty, unemployment, delayed marriage, and gender inequality as examples of factors that increase young people’s risk-taking behavior …

Addressing Intimate Partner Violence And Power In Relationships In Hiv Testing Services: Results Of An Intervention Piloted In Nairobi, Kenya, Nicole Haberland, Charity Ndwiga, Katharine Mccarthy, Margaret Makanyengo, Rose Kosgei, Cecilia Choi, Julie Pulerwitz, Sam Kalibala

HIV and AIDS

The overarching goal of this study was to pilot an approach to HIV testing services (HTS) that addresses intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual relationship power (SRP) inequalities, and explores the intervention’s potential for improving uptake and retention of antiretroviral therapy and prevention of mother-to-child transmission services. The project was implemented in Kenyatta National Hospital’s (KNH) antenatal care (ANC) clinic, and examined intermediate indicators of effect, as well as operational issues around incorporating attention to IPV in hospital procedures, especially in high-volume, high-need settings like KNH’s. The findings from this study suggest that providing some minimal IPV/SRP counseling to all …

An Integrated Peer Outreach And Clinic-Based Intervention To Improve The Sexual Health Of Young Men Who Have Sex With Men In Myanmar: A Link Up Evaluation, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

This brief describes an evaluation that assessed the impact of a peer-driven intervention for young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Myanmar, designed to improve the sexual health and rights of this marginalized community. The intervention and evaluation activities were conducted as part of Link Up, a global consortium led by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance aimed at improving sexual and reproductive health and rights among young vulnerable communities in Africa and Asia. In collaboration with the Burnet Institute, the Population Council–led evaluation study sought to assess whether the Link Up intervention improved sexual and health-seeking behaviors, and whether …

Impact Of Peer Education And On-Site Clinical Services For Female Sex Workers In Bangladesh Brothels: A Link Up Evaluation Study, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

This brief describes an evaluation of a brothel-based HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) intervention that combined peer outreach with the provision of on-site clinical services in several Bangladesh brothels. The aim of this evaluation was to assess whether peer educator one-on-one or group sessions and on-site satellite clinics improved SRHR knowledge and behaviors among women who sell sex in three Bangladesh brothels. The study was conducted by the Population Council as part of the Link Up project, a global consortium led by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance aimed at improving the SRHR of young people. The findings …

Reducing Provider-Held Stigma And Improving Young Client Satisfaction In Bangladesh: Findings From A Link Up Evaluation, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

To address HIV stigma in Bangladesh, a training program was designed and evaluated among service providers as part of Link Up, a global project led by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance designed to improve the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of young people. These trainings aimed at sensitizing healthcare providers to the needs and rights of young people at high risk of stigmatization—such as sex workers, sexual minorities, or young people who engage in premarital sex. The Population Council collaborated with Marie Stopes International Bangladesh (MSIB) to evaluate whether stigma-reduction trainings improved provider attitudes toward these young marginalized populations, …

Sexual And Reproductive Health And Rights Needs Of Young Men Who Live In The Streets In Dhaka City: A Link Up Exploratory Study, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Under the Link Up project—a global consortium led by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance and supported by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs—the Population Council conducted an exploratory study of the HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) needs of young men who live in the streets of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The study investigated their knowledge, behaviors, needs, and service utilization related to HIV and SRHR. The findings elucidate the substantial vulnerabilities and risks faced by young men who live in the streets of Dhaka City, most notably in terms of sexual risk and physical violence. Participants reported very …

Using Peers To Improve Sexual And Reproductive Health And Rights Of Young People Living With Hiv In Uganda: Findings From A Link Up Evaluation, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Link Up, a global consortium led by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, sought to meet the immediate HIV care needs and also the broader sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for Ugandan young people living with HIV (YPLHIV), by creating linkages between comprehensive community- and facility-based HIV and SRHR services. In addition, Link Up delivered health education, counseling, and peer support tailored to the needs of YPLHIV in order to educate and empower them to recognize their rights, and feel confident in seeking health services. This brief presents findings from the Population Council’s evaluation of Link Up activities among YPLHIV …

Building Evidence To Guide Prep Introduction For Adolescent Girls And Young Women, Nanlesta Pilgrim, Sanyukta Mathur, Ann Gottert, Naomi Rutenberg, Julie Pulerwitz

HIV and AIDS

This document was developed by the Population Council, with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, to provide DREAMS country teams with practical guidance on building evidence to guide pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) introduction for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). The primary audiences for this document are health policymakers and program planners who will be making decisions about how PrEP is introduced and the researchers who will assess AGYW’s specific needs and experiences. Our aim is to complement emerging global guidance on PrEP and ongoing work regarding delivery platforms, marketing, and policy and regulatory frameworks for PrEP introduction more …

How To Reduce Hiv Risk Among Adolescent Girls And Young Women In Sub-Saharan Africa? Implementation Science Around The Dreams Initiative, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

The Population Council, with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the US Agency for International Development through Project SOAR, is leading the implementation science portfolio of the timely and innovative DREAMS partnership in 10 sub-Saharan countries, producing evidence to strengthen DREAMS activities and other community-based programming. The Council’s research focuses on how best to reach the most vulnerable adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and their male partners and engage them in activities and services, and how to roll out pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention among AGYW. By examining these critical HIV prevention issues, the Council’s …